Article(id=1246046391374557644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246046388547596731, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775010210125, onlineDateStr=2026-04-01, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775010210125, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775010210125, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775010210125, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246046388547596731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='709', pageEnd='856', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775010209451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775010293319, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246046740390986227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246046388547596731, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246046740390986228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246046388547596731, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=820, endPage=830, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246046391676547542, articleId=1246046391374557644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=EN, title=Aerothermoelastic Analysis and Flutter-Boundary Control of Composite Laminated Panels, columnId=1244229834482757770, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study focuses on the aerothermoelastic characteristics of composite laminated panels with fully simply-supported boundaries in supersonic airflow, implementing macro fiber composites (MFCs) for active flutter-boundary control. In modeling the equation of motion, the influence of in-plane thermal load on transverse bending deflection is considered, and the aerodynamic pressure in supersonic airflow is calculated on the basis of supersonic piston theory. Motion differential equations of the structural system are derived from classical laminated plate theory and Hamilton's principle with the assumed mode method, then transformed into state space equations. By solving the state matrix eigenvalues, natural frequencies of the structural system are obtained. Aerothermoelastic characteristics of the laminated panel are analyzed via the frequency domain method, assessing the effects of ply angle and geometric parameters of the laminated panel on critical flutter aerodynamic pressure and critical buckling temperature. The proportional feedback control method is used to design the controller, and flutter boundaries of the laminated panel are computed under different control gain coefficients. Results demonstrate that the laminated panel with a ply angle of [90°/-90°/90°] exhibits the lowest aerothermoelastic stability across various aspect ratios. For larger ply angles, an increase in aspect ratio enhances the aerothermoelastic stability of the laminated panel. Adjusting MFC ply angles effectively increases critical flutter aerodynamic pressure. Moreover, the proportional feedback control method can significantly enhance flutter boundaries, but the control gain coefficient requires to be adjusted to ensure stability and performance of the control system. A control gain coefficient that is too small results in weak control, while one that is too large can destabilize the structural system.

, correspAuthors=Wenguang Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhiyang Chen, Wenguang Liu, Long Cheng, Hongxia Chen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246046409103881125, articleId=1246046391374557644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=CN, title=复合材料层合板的气动热弹性分析及颤振边界控制, columnId=1241831201896469478, journalTitle=固体力学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究了超声速气流中复合材料层合板的气动热弹性特性,并使用压电纤维复合材料(MFC)对层合板进行主动颤振边界控制. 采用超声速活塞理论计算气动压力,并基于假设模态法与Hamilton原理建立了系统的运动微分方程. 利用频域方法对结构系统的气动热弹性特性进行了分析. 研究了层合板的纤维铺设角度和几何参数对临界颤振气动压力和临界屈曲温度变化的影响. 采用比例反馈控制设计控制器,计算了不同增益系数下的颤振边界. 研究结果表明:在不同长宽比下,铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时层合板的气动热弹性稳定性最差;在纤维铺设角度为大角度时,长宽比越大,层合板的气动热弹性稳定性越好;采用比例反馈控制方法可提高系统颤振边界,但需要调整增益系数以确保控制系统的稳定性与控制性能.

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246046416179671148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Nondimensional natural frequencies of the simply supported laminated panels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态阶数123456
[0°/0°/0°]
Leissa[21]15.1933.3044.4260.7764.5390.29
本文结果15.1733.2544.3860.6864.4590.13
[30°/-30°/30°]
Leissa[21]15.9035.8642.6261.4571.7185.72
本文结果16.0035.9942.8161.9172.2986.60
[15°/-15°/-15°/15°]
Chow[22]15.4034.1543.8461.2366.4891.47
本文结果15.4834.2143.9261.3166.6091.66
[45°/-45°/-45°/45°]
Chow[22]16.1737.6241.5263.1577.3379.40
本文结果16.3837.8141.8063.7078.4279.94
), ArticleFig(id=1246046416276140145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四边简支层合板的无量纲固有频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态阶数123456
[0°/0°/0°]
Leissa[21]15.1933.3044.4260.7764.5390.29
本文结果15.1733.2544.3860.6864.4590.13
[30°/-30°/30°]
Leissa[21]15.9035.8642.6261.4571.7185.72
本文结果16.0035.9942.8161.9172.2986.60
[15°/-15°/-15°/15°]
Chow[22]15.4034.1543.8461.2366.4891.47
本文结果15.4834.2143.9261.3166.6091.66
[45°/-45°/-45°/45°]
Chow[22]16.1737.6241.5263.1577.3379.40
本文结果16.3837.8141.8063.7078.4279.94
), ArticleFig(id=1246046416376803443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The geometrical sizes and material parameters of the composite laminated panel

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参数
长度(m)a=0.2
宽度(m)b=0.2
厚度(m)h=0.0006
杨氏模量(GPa)E1=150,E2=9
剪切模量(GPa)G12=7.1
密度(kg/m3ρ=1600
泊松比ν12=0.300,ν21=0.018
热膨胀系数(1/℃)α1=-0.07×10-6α2=30.1×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1246046416485855350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

复合材料层合板的几何尺寸和材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
长度(m)a=0.2
宽度(m)b=0.2
厚度(m)h=0.0006
杨氏模量(GPa)E1=150,E2=9
剪切模量(GPa)G12=7.1
密度(kg/m3ρ=1600
泊松比ν12=0.300,ν21=0.018
热膨胀系数(1/℃)α1=-0.07×10-6α2=30.1×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1246046418096468090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The geometrical sizes and material parameters of MFC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
长度(m)ap=0.2
宽度(m)bp=0.2
厚度(m)hp=0.0001
杨氏模量(GPa)Ep1=30.34,Ep2=15.86
剪切模量(GPa)Gp12=6.31
密度(kg/m3ρp=5116
泊松比νp12=0.31,νp21=0.16
压电应变常数(m/V)d31=4.6×10-10d32=2.1×10-10
介电常数(F/m)П33=1.43×10-8
热膨胀系数(1/℃)αp1=4.77×10-6αp2=15.55×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1246046418197131389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246046391374557644, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

MFC的几何尺寸和材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
长度(m)ap=0.2
宽度(m)bp=0.2
厚度(m)hp=0.0001
杨氏模量(GPa)Ep1=30.34,Ep2=15.86
剪切模量(GPa)Gp12=6.31
密度(kg/m3ρp=5116
泊松比νp12=0.31,νp21=0.16
压电应变常数(m/V)d31=4.6×10-10d32=2.1×10-10
介电常数(F/m)П33=1.43×10-8
热膨胀系数(1/℃)αp1=4.77×10-6αp2=15.55×10-6
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复合材料层合板的气动热弹性分析及颤振边界控制
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陈志洋 , 刘文光 ** , 成龙 , 陈红霞
固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024,45(6): 820-830
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固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 45(6): 820-830
复合材料层合板的气动热弹性分析及颤振边界控制
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陈志洋, 刘文光** , 成龙, 陈红霞
作者信息
  • 南昌航空大学航空制造与机械工程学院,南昌,330063

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Aerothermoelastic Analysis and Flutter-Boundary Control of Composite Laminated Panels
Zhiyang Chen, Wenguang Liu** , Long Cheng, Hongxia Chen
Affiliations
  • School of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.036
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研究了超声速气流中复合材料层合板的气动热弹性特性,并使用压电纤维复合材料(MFC)对层合板进行主动颤振边界控制. 采用超声速活塞理论计算气动压力,并基于假设模态法与Hamilton原理建立了系统的运动微分方程. 利用频域方法对结构系统的气动热弹性特性进行了分析. 研究了层合板的纤维铺设角度和几何参数对临界颤振气动压力和临界屈曲温度变化的影响. 采用比例反馈控制设计控制器,计算了不同增益系数下的颤振边界. 研究结果表明:在不同长宽比下,铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时层合板的气动热弹性稳定性最差;在纤维铺设角度为大角度时,长宽比越大,层合板的气动热弹性稳定性越好;采用比例反馈控制方法可提高系统颤振边界,但需要调整增益系数以确保控制系统的稳定性与控制性能.

超声速  /  复合材料层合板  /  气动热弹性  /  主动颤振边界控制

This study focuses on the aerothermoelastic characteristics of composite laminated panels with fully simply-supported boundaries in supersonic airflow, implementing macro fiber composites (MFCs) for active flutter-boundary control. In modeling the equation of motion, the influence of in-plane thermal load on transverse bending deflection is considered, and the aerodynamic pressure in supersonic airflow is calculated on the basis of supersonic piston theory. Motion differential equations of the structural system are derived from classical laminated plate theory and Hamilton's principle with the assumed mode method, then transformed into state space equations. By solving the state matrix eigenvalues, natural frequencies of the structural system are obtained. Aerothermoelastic characteristics of the laminated panel are analyzed via the frequency domain method, assessing the effects of ply angle and geometric parameters of the laminated panel on critical flutter aerodynamic pressure and critical buckling temperature. The proportional feedback control method is used to design the controller, and flutter boundaries of the laminated panel are computed under different control gain coefficients. Results demonstrate that the laminated panel with a ply angle of [90°/-90°/90°] exhibits the lowest aerothermoelastic stability across various aspect ratios. For larger ply angles, an increase in aspect ratio enhances the aerothermoelastic stability of the laminated panel. Adjusting MFC ply angles effectively increases critical flutter aerodynamic pressure. Moreover, the proportional feedback control method can significantly enhance flutter boundaries, but the control gain coefficient requires to be adjusted to ensure stability and performance of the control system. A control gain coefficient that is too small results in weak control, while one that is too large can destabilize the structural system.

supersonic  /  composite laminated panels  /  aerothermoelastic  /  active flutter-boundary control
陈志洋, 刘文光, 成龙, 陈红霞. 复合材料层合板的气动热弹性分析及颤振边界控制. 固体力学学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 820 -830 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.036
Zhiyang Chen, Wenguang Liu, Long Cheng, Hongxia Chen. Aerothermoelastic Analysis and Flutter-Boundary Control of Composite Laminated Panels[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2024 , 45 (6) : 820 -830 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.036
当飞行器在气流中运动至临界颤振速度时,在非定常空气动力、惯性力和弹性力的相互作用下容易发生颤振[1]. 颤振可能导致机翼或面板结构发生振动破坏甚至灾难性事故[2]. 因此,研究飞行器结构的气动热弹性特性及其颤振控制成为飞行器设计必须重视的问题.
复合材料因其比重小、比强度大,以及优良的化学稳定性、减摩耐磨性、耐热与耐疲劳性等诸多优点,广泛应用于飞行器结构设计. 因此,研究者围绕复合材料结构的气动热弹性颤振进行了广泛深入的研究. 采用三阶活塞理论和von-Kármán大挠度理论,Zhao等[3]研究了温度变化与声载荷对复合材料层合板颤振特性的影响. 采用非线性有限元方法,Xie等[4]建立了复合材料层合板的动力学方程,讨论了不同几何尺寸、温度梯度和纤维取向对复合材料层合板气动热弹性行为的影响. 利用Hamilton原理和有限元方法,Gao等[5]建立了曲线纤维变刚度复合材料壁板的颤振模型,分析了弯曲纤维角度、温升、气动压力对热屈曲、极限循环振荡和稳定边界的影响. 使用有限元法,Liu等[6]在频域和时域中研究了具有不对称叠层的弯曲纤维复合材料层合板的气动热弹性行为. 基于均匀温度场,屈佑文等[7]建立了考虑热效应的复合材料薄壁板的非线性有限元模型,分析了复合材料壁板的非线性气动弹性响应,探讨了复合材料铺层方向、温度载荷等对壁板颤振特性的影响. 考虑壁板面内热应力和热塑性材料力学性能变化,高艺航等[8]建立了热塑性复合材料壁板的热颤振模型,讨论了温度对热塑性复合壁板颤振频域模态耦合特性、颤振时域极限环振荡特性.
围绕颤振的控制,研究者对颤振控制开展了一系列研究. 利用经典层合板理论和一阶活塞理论,Tao等[9]建立了考虑几何非线性的变刚度复合材料层合板有限元模型,采用LQR控制算法研究了复合材料层合板的主动控制问题. 采用活塞理论和有限元理论,Wang等[10]建立了板的有限元模型,并以压电材料为驱动器设计了LQR控制器,通过提供控制转矩抑制了面板颤振速度. 利用一阶剪切变形理论和第三阶气动活塞理论,Li等[11]建立了非线性功能梯度压电材料(FGPM)板的气动弹性模型,采用位移反馈控制算法对超声速气流中FGPM板的颤振问题进行了主动控制. 利用遗传算法优化颤振主动控制中压电贴片的位置,Song等[12]研究了铺层角度对层合板气动弹性性能的影响. 利用LQR算法,陈红霞等[13]研究了层合板颤振边界主动控制.
分析发现,在压电主动控制中,使用的材料大多数为压电陶瓷. 然而,由于压电陶瓷容易出现脆性断裂,以及与曲面配合的能力有限等缺点[14],一些学者逐渐使用具有良好韧性以及灵活性的压电纤维复合材料(MFC)来代替压电陶瓷. Zhang等[15]使用MFC作动器对复合材料层合悬臂板的非线性振动响应进行了主动振动控制,分析了MFC作动器的不同位置对主动控制效果的影响. Raza等[16]采用MFC作动器对悬臂梁的动态振幅进行振动抑制. 李蒙等[17]基于速度反馈控制方法利用MFC作动器研究了复合材料层合悬臂板的主动振动控制. 卢志荣等[18]以MFC驱动的抛物面形反射器为对象,研究有限时间的动态形面控制算法.
综上所述,大部分现有研究主要采用压电陶瓷作为驱动器和传感器,缺乏以MFC作为超声速复合材料层合板的主动颤振控制的驱动器和传感器的研究. 此外,大多数学者研究侧重于复合材料层合板的颤振响应主动控制,缺乏针对颤振边界主动控制的研究. 因此,本文从建立含压电纤维复合材料层合板的运动控制方程出发,研究复合材料层合板的气动热弹性特性,并基于比例反馈控制策略研究颤振边界的主动控制.
考虑如图1所示的超声速中含MFC的复合材料层合板模型,粘贴在复合材料层合板上表面和下表面的MFC的功能分别为作动器与传感器. 假定层合板的长度、宽度和总厚度分别为abh. 层合板每层厚度为hl,MFC作动器和传感器的厚度均为hp.
在层合板的中面建立如图1所示的直角坐标系O-xyz. 假设u0v0w0分别表示中面上任意一点的位移分量,基于经典层合板理论可以推出层合板上任意一点沿xyz方向上的位移uvw分别为
在线弹性振动范围内,层合板内任意一点的应变-位移关系可表示为
式中:εxεyγxy分别表示平面应变分量和剪切应变分量;ε0为膜应变向量,κ为弯曲曲率向量,分别为
复合材料层合板第k层的本构方程为
式中:σk为应力向量,ε为应变向量,ΔT为温度变化量,Qk为缩减刚度系数矩阵,α为热膨胀系数向量,Qkα可以表示为
式中:α1α2为层合板的热膨胀系数,Tk为坐标转换矩阵,Q为刚度矩阵,可以表示为
式中:θ为复合材料纤维方向与主方向的夹角,Q11Q12Q22Q66为刚度系数,可以表示为
式中:E1E2G12分别为弹性模量和剪切模量,ν12ν21为泊松比.
复合材料层合板单位长度的合力N0及合力矩M0可以表示为
式中:
式中:nk是层合板的层数,zk-1zk为第k层结构上下表面的横向坐标,A0B0D0分别为复合材料的拉伸刚度、耦合刚度和弯曲刚度,NΔTMΔT为温度内力和温度内力矩.
压电纤维复合材料的本构方程为[1]
式中:σp为压电纤维复合材料的应力向量,Cp为刚度系数矩阵,εp为应变向量,αp为热膨胀系数向量,ep为压电应力常数矩阵,E为电场强度向量,Dp为电位移向量,П为介电常数矩阵,其表达式为
式中:αp1αp2为压电材料的热膨胀系数,V0t)为沿z方向的外加电压,П33为介电常数,Tp为压电纤维复合材料的坐标转换矩阵,C为刚度系数矩阵,e为压电应力常数矩阵,其表达式为
式中:φ为压电纤维复合材料的铺设角度,e31e32为压电应力常数,C11C12C22C66为压电材料的刚度系数,可以表示为
式中:Ep1Ep2Gp12分别为压电材料的弹性模量和剪切模量,νp12νp21为压电材料的泊松比.
基于Hamilton原理建立系统的运动方程,其数学表达式为
式中:TKW分别为结构的动能、势能和外力所做功.
含压电材料结构系统的动能表达式为
式中:VVaVs分别表示复合材料层合板、压电作动器和压电传感器的体积,ρρp为复合材料和压电材料的密度.
结构系统的势能表达式为
式中:A为层合板的表面积.
在超声速气流中,层合板所受的外力包括气动载荷和热载荷. 气动载荷所做功WΔp可以表示为
式中:Δp为非定常气动压力.
假定超声速气流的密度、速度和马赫数分别为ρUM,根据超声速活塞理论,平板结构的非定常气动压力可以表示为[19]
定义无量纲气动压力λ
式中:D为弯曲刚度,其表达式为
M≫1的情况下,可以假设
式中:μ=ρa/ρh.
热载荷所做功WΔT可以表示为[19]
式中:面内温度载荷FTxFTyFTxy可以表示为
式中:为压电材料的温度载荷向量,表达式为
在假设模态法中,层合板的位移场可以表示为模态函数和广义坐标的乘积:
式中:mn分别表示x方向和y方向截取的模态数量,ζφψ分别为模态列向量,UVW分别表示广义坐标列向量.
对于四边简支平板,其模态函数表达式为[13]
将式(1)、(2)、(8)、(10)、(18)和(25)代入式(15-17)和(22)中,即可求得结构的动能、势能及外力做功,再将其代入式(14)中,便可推出气动弹性热电耦合系统的运动微分方程
式中:M为模态质量矩阵,CΔp为气动阻尼矩阵,K为模态刚度矩阵,KΔp为气动刚度矩阵,KΔT为热刚度矩阵,Ka为机电耦合向量,V0为外加电压,Xt)为广义坐标向量.
引入状态变量
可推出运动方程的状态空间方程
式中:AB分别为系统状态矩阵和电压控制矩阵,U为输入电压,具体表达式为
式中:I为单位矩阵.
求解系统状态矩阵A,可得到复特征值Ω=ΩR+iωΩR是特征值实部,ω=2πf是结构系统的圆频率,f是固有频率. 随着气动压力λ的增大,当结构的ΩR由负变为正或两相邻的固有频率重合,结构发生颤振,此时对应的气动压力λ称为临界颤振气动压力λcr.
随着温度变化ΔT的升高,结构的固有频率将减小,当频率减小到零时,结构发生了屈曲,对应的温度变化ΔT称为临界屈曲温度变化ΔTcr. 为了计算结构临界屈曲温度变化ΔTcr,略去式(27)中所有和气动压力及时间导数相关的项,可得到
令刚度行列式等于零,可获得结构的临界屈曲温度变化ΔTcr.
当复合材料层合板振动时,压电传感器将产生电荷,电荷量可以表示为[20]
式中:As为压电传感器的表面积,zp为压电传感器的中性面的横坐标,Ksp为系数向量.
压电传感器电压可以表示为
式中:Ks为系数向量,表达式为
利用比例反馈控制方法,施加在压电作动器上的控制电压可以表示为
式中:Gp是比例反馈控制增益.
将控制电压代入方程(27)中,可以得到基于比例反馈方法的控制运动方程
比例反馈控制方法示意图如图2所示,将传感器输出信号按比例形式反馈到作动器.
假设复合材料层合板的几何尺寸和材料参数分别为:a=b=10 m、h=0.06 m、ρ=8000 kg/m3E1=2.45E2G12=0.48E2ν12=0.2300、ν21=0.0939. 为便于比较,定义无量纲固有频率
表1为四边简支层合板无量纲固有频率计算结果. 结果验证了公式推导和计算编程的准确性.
图3为四边简支各向同性薄板的颤振边界. 研究发现,四边简支各向同性薄板的临界颤振气动压力为λcr=512.265,和文献[23]中计算得到的临界颤振气动压力λcr=512相近,验证了对超声速气流中结构颤振分析的准确性.
和文献[24]比较发现,本文计算得到的四边简支各向同性薄板临界屈曲温度变化ΔTcr=1.7574 ℉,和文献得到的临界屈曲温度变化ΔTcr=1.7665 ℉相近.
图4为不同温度下复合材料层合板的颤振边界. 结果表明,ΔT=0、0.8ΔTcr、1.2ΔTcr时对应的临界颤振气动压力分别为λcr=512.265、376.002、311.776,与文献[24]的λcr=512、371.093、309.117相近,验证了考虑热效应的分析的准确性.
图5为不同增益下四边简支层合板的颤振边界,从图中可以看出,当Gp=3时,临界颤振气动压力λcr=556.117,与文献[12]的λcr=571相近,验证了施加控制的准确性.
假设复合材料的铺层方式为[θ°/-θ°/θ°],层合板的几何尺寸和材料参数[1]如表2所示. 图6计算了不同纤维铺设角度下复合材料层合板的颤振边界.
结果表明,纤维铺设角度不同,临界颤振气动压力也不同,且随着铺设角度的增大,临界颤振气动压力在逐渐减小. 对于a=0.2 m和b=0.2 m的复合材料层合板,当纤维铺设角度为[0°/-0°/0°]时,层合板表现出较好的气动颤振稳定性.
图7计算了复合材料层合板在不同长宽比下临界颤振气动压力随纤维铺设角度的变化. 结果表明,当层合板的长宽比a/b=0.5和a/b=1时,临界颤振气动压力随纤维铺设角度的增大而减小,复合材料层合板在纤维铺设角度为[0°/-0°/0°]时,临界颤振气动压力最大. 当层合板的长宽比a/b=1.5、a/b=2和a/b=2.5时,临界颤振气动压力随纤维铺设角度的增大先增大后减小. 对于长宽比a/b=1.5的层合板,纤维铺设角度为[35°/-35°/35°]时,表现出较好的气动颤振稳定性. 对于长宽比a/b=2和a/b=2.5的层合板,纤维铺设角度为[45°/-45°/45°]时,表现出较好的气动颤振稳定性. 当纤维铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时,对于不同长宽比下的层合板的临界颤振气动压力是最小的. 从图中还可以看出,当纤维铺设角度相同时,层合板的临界颤振气动压力随长宽比的增大而增大. 出现这种现象的原因可能是气流沿x方向流动,增加x方向的维度可以有效提高结构的刚度,从而提高结构的气动弹性特性.
图8为不同温度变化下层合板的颤振边界,纤维铺设角度为[0°/-0°/0°]. 结果表明,层合板的临界颤振气动压力随温度变化的增加而减少. 当温度变化ΔT达到临界热屈曲温度变化ΔTcr时,层合板在气动压力λ=0时,固有频率f=0 Hz,表明此时层合板发生热屈曲. 当温度变化ΔT=1.2ΔTcr时,在低气动压力下,层合板的固有频率f=0 Hz,这表明层合板此时处于热屈曲状态. 然而,在高气动压力下,层合板的固有频率f>0 Hz,这表明此时层合板的热屈曲现象消失. 也就是说,气动压力可以消除层合板结构的热屈曲.
图9计算了层合板在不同长宽比下临界屈曲温度变化随纤维铺设角度的变化. 结果表明,当层合板的长宽比a/b=0.5、a/b=1和a/b=1.5时,临界屈曲温度变化随纤维铺设角度的增大而减小,在纤维铺设角度为[0°/-0°/0°]时,临界屈曲温度变化最大,具有更好的热屈曲特性. 当层合板的长宽比a/b=2和a/b=2.5时,临界屈曲温度变化随纤维铺设角度的增大先增大后减小,且最佳纤维铺设角度随长宽比的增大而增大. 当纤维铺设角度为大角度时,复合材料层合板的临界屈曲温度变化随长宽比的增大而增大. 当纤维铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时,对于不同长宽比下的复合材料层合板的临界屈曲温度变化是最小的.
假设层合板几何尺寸和材料参数如表2所示,MFC的几何尺寸和材料参数[25]如表3所示. 复合材料层合板的纤维铺设角度为[0°/-0°/0°].
图10为比例反馈控制增益Gp=0时,含MFC的层合板的颤振边界随MFC的纤维铺设角度的变化. 结果表明,层合板的临界颤振气动压力随MFC的纤维铺设角度的增大而减小,当MFC的纤维铺设角度为0°时,层合板的临界颤振气动压力最大. 因此,下面分析MFC的纤维铺设角度为0°时的情况.
图11为不同比例反馈控制增益下含MFC的层合板的颤振边界. 结果表明,当采用比例反馈控制方法后,层合板的临界颤振气动压力增大,这表明比例反馈控制方法对提高复合材料层合板的颤振边界是有效的. 随着比例反馈控制增益的增大,层合板的颤振边界先增大后减小,并且颤振边界处的耦合模态从模态1和模态2变为模态2和模态3. 当比例反馈控制增益Gp=20和Gp=25时,在低气动压力下,层合板的固有频率f=0 Hz,这表明层合板处于屈曲状态. 也就是说,比例反馈控制增益Gp不能太大也不能太小. 如果Gp太小,控制效果不太明显;如果Gp太大,会使结构发生屈曲现象,使结构不稳定. 因此有必要探究比例反馈控制增益Gp的最优值.
图12为颤振边界随比例反馈控制增益的变化. 从图12可以看出,比例反馈控制增益Gp=14.5时,结构的临界颤振气动压力最大,且此控制增益下,结构不发生屈曲现象. 因此最优比例反馈控制增益值为Gp=14.5.
本文建立了复合材料层合板的动力学模型,设计了比例反馈控制器,分析了复合材料层合板的气动热弹性特性,研究了层合板的颤振边界控制. 主要结论如下:
(1)不同长宽比下,当复合材料纤维铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时层合板临界颤振气动压力最小;当纤维铺设角度相同时,层合板的临界颤振气动压力随长宽比的增大而增大.
(2)不同长宽比下,当复合材料纤维铺设角度为[90°/-90°/90°]时层合板的临界屈曲温度变化最小;当纤维铺设角度为大角度时,层合板的临界屈曲温度变化随长宽比的增大而增大.
(3)MFC的纤维铺设角度对复合材料层合板的颤振边界有影响,通过调节MFC的纤维铺设角度可有效改变层合板的临界颤振气动压力.
(4)采用比例反馈控制方法能够有效提高层合板的颤振边界,但是比例反馈控制增益需要在合理范围内. 如果增益太小,控制性能效果不佳,反之控制系统就会发生屈曲现象.
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52365012)
  • 研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2023-009)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.036
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2026-04-01
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52365012)
研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2023-009)
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    南昌航空大学航空制造与机械工程学院,南昌,330063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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