Article(id=1246045605961778016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246045605047415288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717603200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775010022869, onlineDateStr=2026-04-01, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775010022869, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775010022869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775010022869, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246045605047415288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='565', pageEnd='708', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775010022651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775010094858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246045907972636933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246045605047415288, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246045907972636934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1246045605047415288, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=595, endPage=609, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246045606238602082, articleId=1246045605961778016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=EN, title=A Study on the Characterization of Crack Tip Constraint Effect from Double Cracks, columnId=1244229834482757770, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To gain a deeper understanding of the constraint effect from double crack tips and accurately characterize it, this study focuses on non-collinear parallel double cracks in a homogeneous plate. It examines the stress and strain fields associated with these double cracks, employing the ABAQUS finite element analysis software. Particular attention is paid to their behaviors at various horizontal distances (s) and vertical distances (h). Additionally, by leveraging the unified constraint parameter Ap, the constraints of double crack tips are compared with those of coalesced single crack tips. The findings reveal significant differences in the distributions and magnitudes of stress and strain at double crack tips compared to coalesced single crack counterparts. The conventional method of calculating the constraints from double cracks based on the stress or strain field at a crack tip, as done for single cracks, would lead to inaccurate results. Comparison of Atotal, Ainside, and Aoutside with Asingle shows that considering both inside and outside crack tip strain fields aligns the variation trend of Atotal more closely with Asingle, with a remarkably narrow fluctuation. The constraint magnitude for coalesced single cracks ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 of the total strain field (Atotal). This approach demonstrates a degree of universality, unaffected by whether the double cracks coalesce or not. It can be directly applied to quantify the constraints imposed by double cracks, regardless of their coalescing status. This study offers valuable insights into the constraint effect of double crack tips and presents a novel method for characterizing the constraints associated with double cracks. In summary, this novel approach offers a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the complex constraints from double cracks, providing scientific support for evaluating structural integrity with double and multiple cracks.

, correspAuthors=Jie Yang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lixiang Song, Yuanyuan Cui, Xiaoxiao Wang, Fang Liu, Jie Yang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246045614618821563, articleId=1246045605961778016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=CN, title=双裂纹裂尖拘束效应的表征研究, columnId=1241831201896469478, journalTitle=固体力学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了更清晰地理解双裂纹裂尖的拘束效应,并对双裂纹裂尖拘束进行表征,本文以均质平板中非共线平行双裂纹为研究对象,对双裂纹在不同水平距离s和垂直距离h下的裂尖应力应变场进行了考察. 进一步,基于统一拘束参数Ap,通过和合并后单裂纹裂尖拘束的对比,对双裂纹裂尖拘束进行了表征. 结果表明:双裂纹与合并后单裂纹裂尖的应力应变无论从分布还是大小均呈现较大的不同,若还是按照之前计算单裂纹裂尖拘束的办法仅基于双裂纹某个裂尖的应力或应变场计算双裂纹的拘束,将会得到不准确的结果. 合并后单裂纹的拘束为0.10~0.30A. 该研究有助于理解双裂纹裂尖的拘束效应,为双裂纹裂尖拘束的表征提供了新的思路.

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** E-mail:.
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caption=含双裂纹平板裂尖所得(a)A、(b)A、(c)A与含合并后单裂纹平板裂尖所得A的对比, figureFileSmall=4urnE/w1FFkaRHrwSYZjIw==, figureFileBig=FlxqNEP7LIATshYkzAmhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246054851688379358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246045605961778016, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design scheme for plates with double cracks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号s(mm)h(mm)a(mm)
No. 10.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.41.6
No. 21.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.51.6
3.01.6
No. 32.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.51.6
3.01.6
), ArticleFig(id=1246054851755488223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1246045605961778016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

含双裂纹平板设计方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号s(mm)h(mm)a(mm)
No. 10.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.41.6
No. 21.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.51.6
3.01.6
No. 32.01.01.6
1.51.6
2.01.6
2.51.6
3.01.6
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双裂纹裂尖拘束效应的表征研究
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宋理想 1 , 崔元元 2 , 王骁晓 3 , 刘芳 2 , 杨杰 1, **
固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024,45(5): 595-609
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固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 45(5): 595-609
双裂纹裂尖拘束效应的表征研究
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宋理想1, 崔元元2, 王骁晓3, 刘芳2, 杨杰1, **
作者信息
  • 1上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室,上海,200093
  • 2上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海,200093
  • 3华东理工大学承压系统与安全教育部重点实验室,上海,200237

通讯作者:

** E-mail:.
A Study on the Characterization of Crack Tip Constraint Effect from Double Cracks
Lixiang Song1, Yuanyuan Cui2, Xiaoxiao Wang3, Fang Liu2, Jie Yang1, **
Affiliations
  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093
  • 2School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093
  • 3Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.026
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为了更清晰地理解双裂纹裂尖的拘束效应,并对双裂纹裂尖拘束进行表征,本文以均质平板中非共线平行双裂纹为研究对象,对双裂纹在不同水平距离s和垂直距离h下的裂尖应力应变场进行了考察. 进一步,基于统一拘束参数Ap,通过和合并后单裂纹裂尖拘束的对比,对双裂纹裂尖拘束进行了表征. 结果表明:双裂纹与合并后单裂纹裂尖的应力应变无论从分布还是大小均呈现较大的不同,若还是按照之前计算单裂纹裂尖拘束的办法仅基于双裂纹某个裂尖的应力或应变场计算双裂纹的拘束,将会得到不准确的结果. 合并后单裂纹的拘束为0.10~0.30A. 该研究有助于理解双裂纹裂尖的拘束效应,为双裂纹裂尖拘束的表征提供了新的思路.

拘束效应  /  双裂纹  /  表征

To gain a deeper understanding of the constraint effect from double crack tips and accurately characterize it, this study focuses on non-collinear parallel double cracks in a homogeneous plate. It examines the stress and strain fields associated with these double cracks, employing the ABAQUS finite element analysis software. Particular attention is paid to their behaviors at various horizontal distances (s) and vertical distances (h). Additionally, by leveraging the unified constraint parameter Ap, the constraints of double crack tips are compared with those of coalesced single crack tips. The findings reveal significant differences in the distributions and magnitudes of stress and strain at double crack tips compared to coalesced single crack counterparts. The conventional method of calculating the constraints from double cracks based on the stress or strain field at a crack tip, as done for single cracks, would lead to inaccurate results. Comparison of Atotal, Ainside, and Aoutside with Asingle shows that considering both inside and outside crack tip strain fields aligns the variation trend of Atotal more closely with Asingle, with a remarkably narrow fluctuation. The constraint magnitude for coalesced single cracks ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 of the total strain field (Atotal). This approach demonstrates a degree of universality, unaffected by whether the double cracks coalesce or not. It can be directly applied to quantify the constraints imposed by double cracks, regardless of their coalescing status. This study offers valuable insights into the constraint effect of double crack tips and presents a novel method for characterizing the constraints associated with double cracks. In summary, this novel approach offers a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the complex constraints from double cracks, providing scientific support for evaluating structural integrity with double and multiple cracks.

constraint effect  /  double cracks  /  characterization
宋理想, 崔元元, 王骁晓, 刘芳, 杨杰. 双裂纹裂尖拘束效应的表征研究. 固体力学学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 595 -609 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.026
Lixiang Song, Yuanyuan Cui, Xiaoxiao Wang, Fang Liu, Jie Yang. A Study on the Characterization of Crack Tip Constraint Effect from Double Cracks[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2024 , 45 (5) : 595 -609 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.026
拘束可以看作结构对裂尖区材料塑性变形的阻碍,是影响结构断裂行为的重要因素. 在小范围屈服条件下,裂尖应力场由断裂力学参数KJ单参数控制;而在大范围屈服条件下,KJ与裂纹尖端应力场失去了一一对应的关系,这种现象称之为拘束的丧失,拘束的丧失会导致试样或结构断裂韧性的提高[1]. 所以,为了进行准确的结构完整性评定,需要在评定中纳入裂尖拘束的影响,其基础性的工作是对拘束进行准确的表征.
在过去的几十年里,国内外学者已对裂尖拘束的表征进行了大量的研究,一些拘束参数被相继提出.1957年,Williams[2]提出将T应力作为拘束参数对裂尖应力场进行表征,定义为:
式中K为应力强度因子,fijθ)为裂纹尖端角位置的函数,θr是极坐标参数,δij为克罗内克函数. 并进一步与KJ相结合,形成K-T[2]J-T[3]双参数理论.1991年,O'Dowd和Shih[4]基于裂纹尖端场与参考场的差值水平,定义了拘束参数Q
式中σθθ为试样或结构裂尖正应力,为平面应变高拘束小范围屈服(SSY)场中的裂尖正应力,σ0为屈服应力,θ为极坐标角度,r为离裂纹尖端的距离,JJ积分,并进一步发展了J-Q双参数理论. 之后,Yang等[5,6]和Chao等[7]通过严格的理论分析发展了平面应变I型非线性裂纹问题的高阶渐近解析解,定义了拘束参数A2,并进一步发展了J-A2双参数理论. 其将裂尖场定义为:
其中为应力角函数,SkS1<S2<S3=2S2-S1)为应力指数,L是量纲分析所需的尺度参量. 参数A1S1与HRR场相关,. 其中α为应变硬化系数,σ0为屈服应力,E为弹性模量,In为与应变硬化指数n有关的常数. 然而,拘束参数TQA2主要用来表征面内拘束,不能准确表征由厚度引起的面外拘束的影响. 为了对面外拘束进行准确表征,Guo等[8-10]发展了拘束参数Tz,定义为:
式中ν是泊松比,σxxσyyσzzxyz三个方向的正应力. 结合面内拘束参数和面外拘束参数,K-T-TzJ-Q-TzJ-A2-Tz等三参数理论相继形成.
为同时对面内拘束、面外拘束及其交互作用进行表征,统一拘束参数被相继提出. Yang等[11]基于裂尖等效塑性应变(PEEQ)等值线所围区域的面积定义了统一拘束参数Ap,如式(5)所示:
式中APEEQ为不同拘束试样裂尖PEEQ等值线所围区域的面积,Aref是高拘束标准试样在断裂时PEEQ等值线所围区域的面积. 为了便于计算和工程应用,Xu等[12]Ap的基础上提出了基于裂尖张开位移(CTOD)的统一拘束参数Ad,如式(6)所示:
其中,δ为含裂纹试样的CTOD,δref为标准试样在断裂时的CTOD.
然而,以上所有拘束参数均是基于单裂纹所提出,在机械设备的服役过程中,多裂纹萌生与扩展较为常见. 这些裂纹之间相互影响、相互干扰,共同影响着材料的断裂行为. 在工程应用中,通常根据合并准则对相邻裂纹进行判断,如果相邻裂纹满足合并准则,则将其合并成为一条裂纹进行评定;否则,将按照单裂纹分别进行评定. 这种方法在一定程度上回避了多裂纹中依然存在的拘束问题,但为了对结构进行更为准确的评定,需要对多裂纹的裂尖拘束效应进行深入的研究. 但针对这一问题,目前仅有代岩伟等[13]针对稳态蠕变条件下蠕变双裂纹尖端的应力场进行了研究. 对于多裂纹裂尖拘束的计算、表征、等效等一系列问题,至今仍是空白,亟需进行系统的研究. 且试验结果和有限元数值计算结果均表明,在不同的双裂纹水平距离s和垂直距离h下,双裂纹将呈现出不同的裂纹合并方式[14].
鉴于此,本文以均质平板中非共线平行双裂纹为研究对象,首先对双裂纹裂尖的应力应变场进行考察,之后基于统一拘束参数Ap,对双裂纹的拘束效应进行表征,并尝试寻找等效双裂纹拘束大小的简便方法.
平板材料选用低合金钢A508,其弹性模量为2.02×105 MPa,泊松比为0.3,室温下的屈服强度为514 MPa,抗拉强度为647 MPa. 室温下的真应力-真应变曲线如图1所示[15-17]. 平板长度L=38.4 mm,宽度W=32.0 mm. 平板中含非共线平行双裂纹,如图2(a)所示. 双裂纹长度均为a1=a2=1.6 mm(a/W=0.05),双裂纹之间的水平距离为s,两个裂纹面之间的垂直距离为h,平板上下两端受拉伸载荷作用.
保持双裂纹长度不变,分别单独改变双裂纹水平距离ss=0.0、1.0、2.0 mm)和垂直距离hh=1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 mm),如表1所示. 为便于对比,根据GB/T 19624—2019《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》[18]中双裂纹的合并准则,对于表1中每一个含双裂纹平板,均设计其合并后的含单裂纹平板,如图2(b)所示,合并后单裂纹长度为2a+s.
对上述试样的裂尖应力、应变场分布进行有限元数值计算,并基于裂尖应变场,进一步对不同裂尖的拘束参数Ap进行计算. 所有网格均采用平面应变减缩积分单元(CPE8R),在裂尖区域采用了传统的聚焦环式网格,网格包围在初始根半径只有2.0 μm的裂纹尖端以增强非线性迭代的收敛性[19]. 典型含双裂纹及单裂纹平板整体及裂尖局部网格划分如图3所示. 通过对平板上下两边各施加1.0 mm的位移控制载荷,其中加载点位于上下平板的中点,分别和平板上下两边进行刚性位移耦合.
因通过对平板上下两边施加位移的方式控制载荷,在相同的加载位移下,选取典型试样对双裂纹及其合并后单裂纹的裂尖应力应变场进行考察,当s=1.0 mm,h=1.0 mm时,裂尖应力应变云图对比如图4所示. 其中图4(a)和4(c)对应的加载位移为0.05 mm,图4(b)和4(d)对应的加载位移为0.1 mm.
图4可见,加载过程中双裂纹与合并后单裂纹裂尖应力应变云图呈现出较大的不同. 首先从分布上,对于含合并后单裂纹平板,裂尖左右两侧应力应变云图呈对称分布;而对于含双裂纹平板,双裂纹内侧裂尖应力应变场之间存在明显的干涉效应,由于干涉效应的存在,双裂纹中每条裂纹裂尖左右两侧的应力应变分布有所不同. 但由于裂纹和载荷均呈对称分布,双裂纹两个外侧裂尖(裂纹1左侧裂尖和裂纹2右侧裂尖)、两个内侧裂尖(裂纹1右侧裂尖和裂纹2左侧裂尖)应力应变分布基本一致. 其次从大小上来看,双裂纹裂尖应力和PEEQ也与合并后单裂纹有所不同.
进一步,针对单裂纹、双裂纹的每个裂尖,选取相同的J积分,对该J积分下双裂纹及其合并后单裂纹裂尖正应力随裂尖距离的变化进行了考察,如图5所示.
图5可见,在相同的J积分(J=200 kJ/m2)下,双裂纹裂尖正应力分布与合并后单裂纹也有很大的不同,尤其是合并后单裂纹与双裂纹内侧裂尖应力分布存在较大差异. 综合图4图5可知,若还是按照之前计算单裂纹裂尖拘束的办法基于双裂纹某个裂尖的应力或应变场计算双裂纹的拘束,将会得到不准确的结果.
因为统一拘束参数Ap是基于裂尖应变场而建立,鉴于双裂纹内侧裂尖与外侧裂尖应变场的不同,拟分别基于内侧裂尖的应变场、外侧裂尖的应变场、内外两侧裂尖的应变场对双裂纹裂尖的Ap进行计算. 同时,因为双裂纹呈对称分布,如图5中所示,仅计算双裂纹其中一条裂纹的裂尖应变场. 将基于双裂纹内侧裂尖PEEQ等值线所围绕的面积计算得到的Ap记为A,将基于双裂纹外侧裂尖PEEQ等值线所围绕的面积计算得到的Ap记为A,将基于双裂纹内侧裂尖和外侧裂尖PEEQ等值线所围绕的面积之和计算得到的Ap记为A. 并分别将其与基于合并后单裂纹裂尖PEEQ等值线所围绕的面积计算得到的Ap(记为A)进行对比. 前期研究[11]表明,Ap具有PEEQ等值线无关性,即可以任意选择PEEQ等值线的大小,对结果不会产生影响,本文选择PEEQ=0.5等值线对Ap进行计算.
所有含双裂纹平板裂尖所得A与含合并后单裂纹平板裂尖所得A的对比如图6所示. 需要说明的是该图反映了整个加载过程中二者裂尖PEEQ等值线所围绕面积的对比.
由图可见,所有平板中A均明显大于A. 由于在相同的J积分下,大的Ap值反映的是低拘束与高抗断裂能力,这说明如果仅计算双裂纹内侧裂尖的Ap(即A)来衡量双裂纹的拘束,将会得到非保守的结果. 进一步,可以发现A分布在0.15~0.75A之间. 二者存在着一定的关系,但其波动较大.
所有含双裂纹平板裂尖所得A与含合并后单裂纹平板裂尖所得A的对比如图7所示.
图6一致,图7中所有平板中A均明显大于A,如果通过计算双裂纹外侧裂尖的Ap(即A)来衡量双裂纹的拘束同样会得到非保守的结果. A分布在0.25~0.60A之间,与A相比,AA匹配性更好.
为了兼顾双裂纹内外侧裂尖的应变场,同时考虑裂尖内侧和外侧PEEQ等值线所围绕的面积,含双裂纹平板裂尖所得A与含合并后单裂纹平板裂尖所得A的对比如图8所示.
由图可见,A分布在0.10~0.30A之间狭小的分布带中,规律性较好. 将AAA三者相比,可以发现同时考虑内外侧裂尖应变场时的AA的变化趋势更加一致,其波动范围也足够狭小. 若充分考虑双裂纹的危险性,假设双裂纹裂尖拘束与合并后单裂纹裂尖拘束大小一致,则可以通过计算双裂纹内外侧裂尖的应变场A来计算双裂纹拘束的大小,其拘束参数Ap的大小为0.10~0.30A. 同时,从数值上看,0.10~0.30倍的区间有其合理性. 因为在之前的研究中,发现断裂韧性与存在线性关联[20],0.25倍的A位于0.10~0.30A范围内,取其平方根为,正好是双裂纹内外侧面积之和的平方根的一半与合并后单裂纹裂尖(一侧的)拘束接近.
在之前的讨论中,均为双裂纹合并的情况(含双裂纹平板典型损伤云图如图9(a)所示),为了对双裂纹不合并时的情况进行验证,选取双裂纹长度a1=a2=1.6 mm,s=0.0 mm,h=3.0 mm,此时根据GB/T 19624—2019《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》,双裂纹不合并,典型损伤云图如图9(b)所示.
对此时含双裂纹平板裂尖AAA进行计算,并与含合并后单裂纹平板裂尖所得A进行比较,如图10所示.
由图可见,无论双裂纹是否合并,A均在AAA对应的区间内,这说明该方法具有一定的通用性,可以直接使用该方法来对双裂纹的拘束大小进行表征,而无需判断双裂纹是否合并. 但鉴于对于不合并的裂纹,其所带来的危险远小于将其合并后的裂纹,依然建议首先使用合并准则对双裂纹合并与否进行判断. 若双裂纹合并,可选用该方法对双裂纹的拘束进行表征;若双裂纹不合并,则可对两条裂纹单独计算.
本文以均质平板中非共线平行双裂纹为研究对象,基于统一拘束参数Ap,通过和合并后单裂纹裂尖拘束的对比,对双裂纹裂尖拘束效应进行了表征. 所得主要结论如下:
(1)双裂纹与合并后单裂纹裂尖应力应变无论从分布还是大小均呈现较大的不同,若还是按照之前计算单裂纹裂尖拘束的办法仅基于双裂纹某个裂尖的应力或应变场计算双裂纹的拘束,将会得到不准确的结果.
(2)将AAA三者相比,可以发现同时考虑内外侧裂尖应变场时的AA的变化趋势更加一致,其波动范围也足够狭小. 若充分考虑双裂纹的危险性,假设双裂纹裂尖拘束与合并后单裂纹裂尖拘束大小一致,则可通过计算双裂纹内外侧裂尖的应变场A来计算双裂纹拘束的大小,其拘束参数Ap的大小为0.10~0.30A.
(3)该方法具有一定的通用性,与双裂纹是否合并无关,可以直接使用该方法来对双裂纹的拘束大小进行表征,而无需判断双裂纹是否合并. 但鉴于对于不合并的裂纹,其所带来的危险远小于将其合并后的裂纹,依然建议首先使用合并准则对双裂纹合并与否进行判断.
(4)该研究有助于理解双裂纹裂尖的拘束效应,为双裂纹裂尖拘束的表征提供了新的思路,并为含双裂纹、多裂纹结构的完整性评定提供了科学支持.
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52375154; 52311530067)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2024.026
  • 接收时间:2024-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-04-01
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06
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国家自然科学基金项目(52375154; 52311530067)
作者信息
    1上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室,上海,200093
    2上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海,200093
    3华东理工大学承压系统与安全教育部重点实验室,上海,200237

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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