Article(id=1241837068280725650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774006629294, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1750867200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774006629294, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774006629294, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774006629294, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241837062781997926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='297', pageEnd='436', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774006627984, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774006677005, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241837268458083311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241837268462277616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=368, endPage=379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241837068511412374, articleId=1241837068280725650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Bolt Connection Loosening Under Transverse Vibration, columnId=1241831201674171363, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, columnName=Research Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to explore the variation law of threaded joints' loosening under transverse vibration and examine the mechanical behavior during the loosening process. Using a single-bolted, single-lap joint structure, a preload degradation model for bolted connections was developed. Friction torque and shear models were established for both the bearing surface and thread surface. The friction-shear model for the bearing surface and the thread surface caused by the additional bending moment was also established. The impacts of vibration amplitude, thread pitch, and initial preload on the variation of bolt preload were analyzed, and the failure mechanism of bolt loosening was explored through case studies. A transverse vibration test bed was designed and fabricated, and the preload decline curves under different parameters were obtained, verifying the rationality of the theoretical model between loosening factors and the preload. The results indicate that when the loosening torque exceeds the combined friction torque of the bolt head's bearing surface and the thread surface, the bolt reaches the critical condition for loosening. The friction torque between the bolt head's bearing surface and the thread pair's surface decreases when the vibration amplitude increases. When the vibration amplitude reaches the critical value, the bolt loosening further accelerates. A higher initial preload makes loosening harder to reach and slows preload decay. Under identical conditions, larger vibration amplitude and thread pitch accelerate preload decline.

, correspAuthors=Wenguang Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhigen Lin, Wenguang Liu, Zheng Huang, Wentao Liu, Xiang Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241837088098812450, articleId=1241837068280725650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=CN, title=横向振动下螺栓连接松动过程力学分析, columnId=1241831201896469478, journalTitle=固体力学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旨在研究横向振动下螺纹连接松动过程中力学行为变化规律. 以单搭接单螺栓连接结构为研究对象,建立了螺栓连接预紧力变化模型和螺头承压面、螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩与摩擦剪力模型,以及附加弯矩引起的螺头承压面与螺纹副表面的摩擦剪力模型. 通过算例分析了不同参数对螺栓预紧力变化规律的影响,探究了螺栓松动失效机理,并利用横向振动松动试验验证了理论分析的合理性. 结果表明:拧松扭矩大于螺头承压面摩擦扭矩与螺纹面摩擦扭矩之和时,螺栓达到旋松临界条件;螺头承压面与螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩的下降速率随振幅的增大而增大,当振幅达到临界值时,会进一步加快螺栓松动;螺栓初始预紧力越大,预紧力衰退就越慢;振幅、螺距越大,预紧力衰退就越快.

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横向振动下螺栓连接松动过程力学分析
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林智根 , 刘文光 ** , 黄政 , 刘文涛 , 张翔
固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2025,46(3): 368-379
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固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 46(3): 368-379
横向振动下螺栓连接松动过程力学分析
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林智根, 刘文光** , 黄政, 刘文涛, 张翔
作者信息
  • 南昌航空大学航空制造与机械工程学院,南昌,330063

通讯作者:

Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Bolt Connection Loosening Under Transverse Vibration
Zhigen Lin, Wenguang Liu** , Zheng Huang, Wentao Liu, Xiang Zhang
Affiliations
  • School of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063
出版时间: 2025-06-26 doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.009
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旨在研究横向振动下螺纹连接松动过程中力学行为变化规律. 以单搭接单螺栓连接结构为研究对象,建立了螺栓连接预紧力变化模型和螺头承压面、螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩与摩擦剪力模型,以及附加弯矩引起的螺头承压面与螺纹副表面的摩擦剪力模型. 通过算例分析了不同参数对螺栓预紧力变化规律的影响,探究了螺栓松动失效机理,并利用横向振动松动试验验证了理论分析的合理性. 结果表明:拧松扭矩大于螺头承压面摩擦扭矩与螺纹面摩擦扭矩之和时,螺栓达到旋松临界条件;螺头承压面与螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩的下降速率随振幅的增大而增大,当振幅达到临界值时,会进一步加快螺栓松动;螺栓初始预紧力越大,预紧力衰退就越慢;振幅、螺距越大,预紧力衰退就越快.

螺纹松动  /  摩擦扭矩  /  摩擦剪力  /  预紧力

This study aims to explore the variation law of threaded joints' loosening under transverse vibration and examine the mechanical behavior during the loosening process. Using a single-bolted, single-lap joint structure, a preload degradation model for bolted connections was developed. Friction torque and shear models were established for both the bearing surface and thread surface. The friction-shear model for the bearing surface and the thread surface caused by the additional bending moment was also established. The impacts of vibration amplitude, thread pitch, and initial preload on the variation of bolt preload were analyzed, and the failure mechanism of bolt loosening was explored through case studies. A transverse vibration test bed was designed and fabricated, and the preload decline curves under different parameters were obtained, verifying the rationality of the theoretical model between loosening factors and the preload. The results indicate that when the loosening torque exceeds the combined friction torque of the bolt head's bearing surface and the thread surface, the bolt reaches the critical condition for loosening. The friction torque between the bolt head's bearing surface and the thread pair's surface decreases when the vibration amplitude increases. When the vibration amplitude reaches the critical value, the bolt loosening further accelerates. A higher initial preload makes loosening harder to reach and slows preload decay. Under identical conditions, larger vibration amplitude and thread pitch accelerate preload decline.

thread loosening  /  frictional torque  /  frictional shear  /  preload
林智根, 刘文光, 黄政, 刘文涛, 张翔. 横向振动下螺栓连接松动过程力学分析. 固体力学学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 368 -379 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.009
Zhigen Lin, Wenguang Liu, Zheng Huang, Wentao Liu, Xiang Zhang. Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Bolt Connection Loosening Under Transverse Vibration[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2025 , 46 (3) : 368 -379 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.009
螺纹连接广泛应用于航空航天、轨道交通与电力输送等领域[1-5],是工程中最为常见的紧固连接方式之一. 在服役之前,螺纹紧固件通常要施加足够的预紧力以保证结构的可靠性. 然而,因为很多螺纹连接结构通常服役于振动、冲击等恶劣的环境中,使得紧固件的预紧力逐渐降低,最终可能引发松动失效,严重危及紧固连接结构的安全可靠性.
松动是一个强烈的非线性过程,它涉及复杂的几何非线性和材料非线性,而且不同阶段的松动机理也存在区别[6,7]. 针对不同参数对松动失效行为的影响,王开平等[8]通过有限元探讨了冲击幅值、初始预紧力、螺纹摩擦系数和螺纹初始间隙对松动行为的影响;Gong等[9]研究了预紧力、摩擦系数、夹紧长度以及配合公差对松动失效的影响;胡阳等[10]研究了载荷施加位置、振动幅值和频率对螺栓连接松动的影响;李志彬等[11]利用试验研究了横向振动下拆卸次数、振动频率、振幅以及预紧力对松动失效的影响;Yan等[12]研究了载荷方向和振幅大小对松动行为的影响.
因为松动过程常常伴随着接触界面磨损,而界面磨损会引起预紧力的损失,所以研究者针对松动过程的磨损也开展了众多研究,Zhang等[13]提出了一种考虑螺纹表面磨损演变的有限元模型,并模拟了螺栓连接在横向载荷下的自松动行为;Zhang等[14]通过试验研究了横向振动下松动过程中的螺纹磨损;杜永强等[15]研究了偏心载荷下螺栓连接结构松动过程中螺纹副表面的磨损情况;张朝前等[16]研究了剪切激励下盲孔螺纹连接松动条件下的螺纹面磨损机制.
针对螺纹连接防松问题,Zhao等[17]分析了不同垫圈对螺纹连接防松性能的影响;张功平等[18]研究了约束螺头转动、约束螺母转动以及螺头螺母无约束情况的螺栓连接防松效果;化俞新等[19]研究了二硫化钼、碳化钨与电镀锌3种涂层对螺栓连接防松性能的影响;Zhang等[20]研究了微小颗粒轰击螺栓对螺栓防松性能的作用;Gong等[21]运用局部滑移累积理论发明了一种新型螺纹防松结构;Noda等[22]研究了螺栓与螺母之微小螺距差对防松性能的影响;Shchelkanova等[23]发明了一种与螺栓螺纹过盈配合的防松环.
动态分析表明,虽然研究者对螺纹连接松动过程中的预紧力变化、接触面的磨损以及防松结构进行了大量的理论、仿真及试验研究,但是鲜有研究者从理论上建立螺纹连接松动条件下的预紧力和摩擦扭矩模型,然而建立该模型对于螺栓连接防松设计具有指导意义. 因此,本文以单搭接单螺栓连接为对象,建立松动因素与预紧力间的理论模型,在此基础上分析多种松动因素下螺栓松动过程中预紧力变化规律,探讨螺栓连接松动失效机理.
图1(a)所示的单搭接单螺栓连接结构,该结构由动板1、定板2、螺栓3和螺母4组成. 拧紧时,在螺栓上施加扭矩. 拧紧之后,假设螺母与定板固定不动(与螺钉连接类似). 此时,螺栓轴线方向受到螺头承压面摩擦扭矩Tb、螺纹副表面摩擦扭矩Tt与螺栓自身拧松扭矩Tp三个载荷的作用. 拧松扭矩Tp与螺纹升角有关. 无横向振动作用时,这三个载荷处于平衡状态,TbTt均为最大值TbcTtc,其关系表达式为[24]
式中:μb为螺头承压面摩擦因数,rb为螺头承压面的有效接触半径,F0为螺栓初始预紧力,μt为螺纹面摩擦因数,rt为螺纹面的有效接触半径,β为螺纹升角,α为螺纹牙型半角,P为螺纹螺距.
横向振动条件下,因为扭矩Tp的方向与螺栓拧松的方向一致(Tp称为拧松扭矩),使螺栓具有松动趋势,而扭矩Tb与扭矩Tt的方向与拧紧方向一致,阻碍螺栓松动,如图1(b)所示. 当扭矩Tp小于或等于扭矩Tb与扭矩Tt之和时,螺栓不会发生松动;反之,螺栓会发生松动. 即可建立螺栓松动失效条件为
结合松动条件与松动时的动力学关系,可推出螺栓松动动力学模型
式中:J为螺栓的转动惯量.
求解螺栓松动动力学模型,可得到螺栓松动回转角速度以及回转角度:
式中:ω为螺栓松动角速度,ω0为螺栓松动初始角速度,Δθ为螺栓松动回转角度,Δθ0为螺栓松动初始回转角度,Δt为松动时间.
利用预紧力变化与螺栓松动角度的关系,可推出螺栓连接预紧力变化模型:
式中:ΔF为预紧力变化,kb为螺栓连接刚度,kc为被连接板的刚度.
建立如图2所示的螺头承压面与被连接件的相对运动状态及受力分析图. 在图中建立笛卡尔直角坐标系xoy和极坐标系roθ. 对于处于运动状态的受力面,所受摩擦力总是与其相对速度矢量方向相反.
假设由横向振动引起的承压面某微元相对于被连接件受力面的相对速度为va,可分解为沿横向振动方向的平动速度v1和垂直于径向方向的回转速度v2. 平动速度v1沿x方向,回转速度v2垂直于承压面上一点的位置矢量r,得到va表达式
式中:ix方向的单位向量,jy方向的单位向量,xy为相应的xy坐标值,vb1为沿x方向的速度标量,θ为极坐标系的角度,ωb为承压面相对被连接件的回转角速度.
假设承压面上某微元所受摩擦力为dFbf,其方向与速度或运动趋势方向相反,因此dFbf可表示为
由摩擦力的微分dFbf引起的承压面摩擦力矩的微分dTb可表示为
式中:r=xi+yjk为垂直于xoy平面方向的单位向量.
通过对dTb在整个承压面Ωbearing上进行二重积分得到Tb的表达式
考虑在横向振动下螺头的受力变形,可假设承压面的压强分布为
式中:qb为承压面的压强,qb0为整个承压面的平均压强为承压面压强变化幅值,re为承压面外圆半径.
基于库仑摩擦条件,可得承压面摩擦力的微分dFbf
式中:μb为承压面摩擦系数,dSb为承压面面积的微分.
将承压面平动速度与转动角速度的比值定义为承压面平动旋转比:
由此可推出承压面摩擦扭矩Tb的表达式:
式中:ri为承压面内圆半径.
横向振动时,承压面受到了沿x方向摩擦力的作用,该力直接影响承压面摩擦扭矩值. 承压面剪切摩擦力为承压面所受摩擦力沿x方向的分力,而承压面剪切摩擦力的微分dFbs可通过承压面所受摩擦力的微分dFbf求出,两者关系为
由此可推出承压面剪切摩擦力Fbs的表达式
建立如图3所示的螺纹副表面的运动状态与受力分析图. 在图中建立笛卡尔直角坐标系xoy和极坐标系roθ. 假设螺栓松动时,螺纹相对于被连接件的相对角速度为ωt,螺纹相对于被连接件的总相对速度矢量v
式中:vtxvtx轴方向分量,vtzvtz轴方向分量.
取螺纹面的单位法向量为w1,其表达式为
式中:β为螺纹升角,α为螺纹牙型半角.
在夹紧力作用下,当螺纹副表面接触时,螺栓螺纹的接触相对速度矢量v应与螺母接触螺纹面保持相切,即与接触螺纹面相垂直. 因此,必须满足以下关系:
因为tanβsinθ趋近于0,可推出v的表达式为
取螺栓螺纹面上所受摩擦力的微分为dFtf,因摩擦力方向与速度或相对运动趋势方向相反,因此dFtf可表示为
由摩擦力微分dFtf引起的螺纹面摩擦力矩微分dTt可表示为
对dTt在整个螺纹面Ωthread上进行二重积分可得到摩擦扭矩Tt的表达式:
考虑横向振动下螺纹的受力变形及螺栓的弯曲效应,可假设螺纹面的压强矢量qt
式中:qt0为螺纹面的平均压强,q′t为由螺栓弯曲变形而导致螺纹面的压强变化幅值,rmax为螺栓外螺纹大半径.
基于库仑摩擦理论,可得螺纹副表面摩擦力的微分dFtf
式中:μt为螺纹副表面摩擦系数,dSt为螺纹副表面面积的微分.
将螺纹面平动速率与转动角速度的比值定义为螺纹面平动旋转比:
由此可推出螺纹副表面摩擦扭矩Tt的表达式
其中
式中:rmin为螺栓外螺纹小半径.
取螺栓螺纹面上沿x方向所受摩擦力微分为dFts,可得
因此,螺纹面沿x方向的摩擦力Fts的表达式:
横向振动下,螺栓会发生如图4所示的瞬时形变状态,螺头受到的横向剪力为Fbs、反作用弯矩为M′. 根据弹性梁理论,螺头的横向位移δ和弯曲角度φ可表示为
式中:I为横截面积的轴向惯性矩,E为弹性模量,L为螺栓有效长度.
因为螺头承压面的压力分布受弯曲角度φ的影响,所以当弯曲角度φ较大时,引起的被连接件接触面的压缩变形将明显呈不均匀分布. 假设螺头承压面压强qb与弯曲角度φ之间的关系为
式中:λ是常数,取决于螺头弯曲刚度.
因此,由qb引起的反作用弯矩M′
联立式(30)与式(32),可得承压面反作用弯矩与横向振动剪切摩擦力的表达式:
根据螺栓受力状态与静平衡条件,可推出螺纹面所受弯矩M的表达式
式中:ξ为螺头的弯曲刚度.
由于螺纹面弯矩的作用,导致螺纹面压强分布不均匀,而由此引起的沿x轴方向的螺纹剪力分量FxM可表示为
根据螺纹面压力与弯矩M的相关性可得
因此,FxMM的关系式
若在横向振动下螺栓不与孔壁接触,沿x方向的螺纹摩擦剪力分量Fts可表示为
因此,FtsFbs的关系为
假设横向振动的起始,螺栓头与动板间无相对滑动,可推出螺头横向位移δ
假设横向振动的位移表达式为
式中:x为作用在动板上的横向位移,x0为横向位移的振幅,f为振动频率,t为时间.
因此,作用在螺头承压面上摩擦剪力为
根据螺头承压面摩擦剪力与螺纹面摩擦剪力之间的关系,可推出螺纹面所受摩擦剪力与横向振动位移的关系表达式
通过上述理论,可以分析螺头承压面与螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩与横向剪力,讨论螺纹松动失效行为,进而计算螺栓松动回转角速度,讨论螺栓预紧力的变化规律. 需要说明的是以上理论模型的推导将螺栓连接简化为完全弹性模型,暂未考虑塑性变形、表面磨损引发的预紧力损失.
以M10×1.5的螺栓连接为例,计算时取:螺栓有效长度L=30 mm,材料密度7.85 g/cm3,弹性模量210 GPa,泊松比0.3,螺纹牙型半角α=30°,螺纹升角β=3.028°,螺头承压面大半径re=8 mm、小半径ri=6 mm,螺栓外螺纹大半径rmax=5 mm、小半径rmin=4.3 mm,螺头承压面和螺纹面摩擦系数μb=0.15、μt=0.15.
图5表明:当ηb=0(无横向振动)时,NTb达最大值,即螺头承压面摩擦扭矩最大,NFb为最小值,即摩擦剪力最小;施加横向振动后,螺头承压面摩擦扭矩逐渐减小,摩擦剪力逐渐增加;当振幅超临界值时,螺头承压面发生滑移,摩擦扭矩逐渐消失,摩擦剪力变为滑动摩擦力. 依据螺栓连接松动条件,当螺头承压面摩擦扭矩小于临界值时,螺栓发生回转,导致预紧力衰退,最终导致螺栓松动.
图6表明,当ηt=0(无横向振动)时,NTt达最大值,即螺纹副表面摩擦扭矩最大,NFt为最小值,即x方向摩擦剪力最小;横向振动下,螺纹面摩擦扭矩逐渐减小,其x方向摩擦剪力逐渐增加;当振幅超过临界值时,螺纹面发生滑移,螺纹面摩擦扭矩逐渐消失,摩擦剪力变为滑动摩擦力. 当螺纹面摩擦扭矩小于一定值时,螺栓会发生回转、螺栓预紧力衰退,最终导致螺栓松动.
图7研究了横向振动幅值、螺纹螺距及初始预紧力对预紧力衰退规律的影响. 结果表明,横向振动幅值、螺纹螺距及初始预紧力对预紧力的衰退影响都很显著. 当振幅小于0.17 mm时,预紧力变化甚微,即螺栓未发生松动,结果与松动条件分析一致. 曲线呈现“波动状”,这与承压面平动旋转比ηb和螺纹面平动旋转比ηt密切相关,波动状的本质为预紧力下降速度的慢、快交替转变.
利用图8所示的横向振动试验台开展螺栓连接松动试验. 图9为横向振动试验台的原理图,偏心轮、连杆、U型连接杆和导向座组成曲柄滑块机构,电机带动偏心轮转动,偏心轮驱动U型连接杆与振动板横向振动. 所用螺栓与螺母的几何参数和材料性能与算例保持一致. 试验时,采用特殊夹具限制螺母的转动,以保证试验条件与理论分析假设一致性. 试验时,螺栓安装在动板一侧,螺母安装在专用夹具一侧并约束螺母转动. 正式试验前,螺栓施加设定的预紧力,通过偏心轮转动驱动动板往复移动,并通过数据采集器时刻拾取预紧力并传输给计算机.
图10展示了不同工况下预紧力的变化规律. 比较发现,试验测得的预紧力变化规律与理论分析预紧力变化规律趋势基本一致,一定程度上验证了预紧力模型的合理性. 振幅对预紧力衰退规律的影响很大,在相同的初始预紧力和螺纹螺距下,振幅越大螺栓松动越快;理论计算与试验测试都表明,当横向振幅小于临界值时螺纹松动情况甚微. 螺距对松动行为影响较大,在相同的初始预紧力和振动幅值下,螺距越小,使螺栓预紧力完全衰退至零所需振动次数越多. 初始预紧力对松动影响很大,在相同振幅和螺距下,螺栓松动所需的振动次数随着初始预紧力的增加而增加. 然而,由于横向振动下螺栓连接存在塑性变形、表面磨损等情况,这些情况也会导致预紧力降低;但是理论建模忽略了这些因素,导致试验测得到的松动速率普遍高于理论计算得到的松动速率.
以单搭接单螺栓连接结构为对象,提出了螺栓松动失效条件,推导了螺头接触面和螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩与摩擦剪力的表达式,建立了螺栓预紧力动力学模型,探讨了不同因素对预紧力变化的影响,验证了理论分析的合理性. 主要结论如下:
(1)当螺栓的拧松扭矩小于或等于螺头承压面摩擦扭矩与螺纹面摩擦扭矩之和时,螺栓不会发生松动;反之,螺栓会发生旋松,即达成了螺栓松动失效的条件.
(2)横向振动会减小螺头与螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩,而且摩擦扭矩的下降速率随着振幅的增大而增大,致使螺栓越容易达成松动失效;当振幅达到临界值时,会进一步加快螺栓的松动.
(3)初始预紧力越大,螺头与螺纹副表面的摩擦扭矩也越大,预紧力的衰退就越缓慢;预紧力衰退速率随着振幅、螺距的增大而增加.
(4)横向振动下,由于螺栓存在塑性变形和表面磨损,使得试验得到的松动速率大于理论得到的松动速率. 下一步研究中需要考虑这些因素的影响以提高力学建模的合理性.
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52365012)
  • 研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2024-018)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.009
  • 接收时间:2025-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14
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国家自然科学基金项目(52365012)
研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2024-018)
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    南昌航空大学航空制造与机械工程学院,南昌,330063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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