Article(id=1241837067508973705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2025.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774006629110, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1750867200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774006629110, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774006629110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774006629110, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241837062781997926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='297', pageEnd='436', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774006627984, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774006677005, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241837268458083311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241837268462277616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1241837062781997926, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=314, endPage=328, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241837067769020557, articleId=1241837067508973705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=EN, title=Thermal Warping Analysis and Control of Heterogeneous Stepped Double-Layer Plate Structures, columnId=1241831201674171363, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, columnName=Research Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The chip packaging structure is commonly considered to be composed of different material layers stacked together. Due to the inconsistent thermal expansion coefficients of materials, the structure is prone to thermal warping deformation when subjected to significant changes in ambient temperature. At present, thermal warping is a typical failure mode in the field of microelectronic packaging. With the development of ultra-thin packaging components, thermal warping will become more pronounced. However, excessive warping deformation can lead to problems such as chip cracking, interface delamination, and solder joint failure. First, this paper considers the actual size differences between bare chips and substrates, and establishes a heterogeneous stepped double-layer plate model. Second, a thermal warpage experiment platform was constructed using a VIC-3D non-contact full-field strain gauge based on 3D digital image correlation, an infrared thermal imager, and a high-temperature heating stage. Then, the thermal warping deformation of the double-layer plate structure was observed during the heating process, and an equivalent finite element model was established to verify the experimental results. Subsequently, the thermal warpage control of the stepped double-layer board was achieved by attaching a frame sub-structure to the edge of the bottom plate, with its effectiveness verified through both simulations and experiments. Finally, the effects of the geometric and material parameters of the frame sub-structure on the thermal warpage control of the stepped double-layer plate structure are also discussed in detail. It is found that the thermal warping deformation obtained through experimental methods is in good agreement with the simulation results. Moreover, the warping control method using the frame sub-structure can significantly reduce the thermal warping deformation of the heterogeneous stepped double-layer plate structure. The width of the frame structure is the primary factor, and increasing the width can reduce thermal warping deformation effectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion and thickness also have a significant impact on the thermal warping control. As the coefficient of thermal expansion and thickness increase, the thermal warping deformation decreases. The research findings of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for solving thermal warping issues in multi-material laminated structures in microelectronic packaging.
, correspAuthors=Liaoliang Ke, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruichang Zhu, Lu Li, Fei Shen, Yiming Ge, Liaoliang Ke), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241837073192255738, articleId=1241837067508973705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=CN, title=异质阶梯双层板结构热翘曲分析及调控, columnId=1241831201896469478, journalTitle=固体力学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
微电子封装结构通常是由不同材料层堆叠形成的,由于芯片和基板材料热膨胀系数不匹配导致的热翘曲变形,是微电子封装领域一种典型的失效模式. 随着封装朝着超薄化方向发展,热翘曲问题将变得更加显著,热翘曲过大可能会导致芯片开裂、界面分层和焊点失效等问题. 本文考虑了裸芯片和基板的实际尺寸差异,将芯片封装结构简化成异质阶梯双层板模型,利用基于三维数字图像相关法(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)的VIC-3D非接触全场应变计、红外热像仪和高温加热台搭建了热翘曲实验平台,测量了升温过程中异质阶梯双层板结构的热翘曲变形,并建立了等效的有限元模型进行仿真验证. 进一步提出了基于边框子结构的热翘曲调控方法,利用仿真模拟和实验方法验证了该方案的有效性,并详细讨论了边框子结构的厚度和宽度等几何参数以及弹性模量和热膨胀系数等材料参数对热翘曲调控效果的影响. 研究结果表明,通过DIC方法测量的热翘曲变形和有限元结果吻合较好,利用边框子结构的翘曲调控方法能够有效减小异质阶梯双层板结构的热翘曲变形,其中边框宽度是主要影响因素,边框厚度和热膨胀系数对热翘曲变形的影响较大,而弹性模量的影响较小. 本文的研究成果可以为解决微电子封装中的多材料层结构的热翘曲问题提供理论指导.
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热翘曲实验测量平台, figureFileSmall=xtgeC5XONlzyI8UQ2LpRlQ==, figureFileBig=dGxsSzK2QDId5lbIvRzxJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081140461974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
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Finite element model of the double-layer plate composed of copper and aluminum, figureFileSmall=X4vXFPDfmCH6czv8B+xoZA==, figureFileBig=/xEF+4ruXkwW4HF/m5GRgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081371148703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
铜-铝双层板有限元模型, figureFileSmall=X4vXFPDfmCH6czv8B+xoZA==, figureFileBig=/xEF+4ruXkwW4HF/m5GRgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081438257571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Time curve of temperature load, figureFileSmall=stVwXyN1QXuNEDIbFMjr6Q==, figureFileBig=k+osikEex3I3nLUpm1VENg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081580863912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
加载温度时间变化曲线, figureFileSmall=stVwXyN1QXuNEDIbFMjr6Q==, figureFileBig=k+osikEex3I3nLUpm1VENg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081710887343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The x-direction displacement of the double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=qMCmGlV7MOSL3sa6sr2+zg==, figureFileBig=m1ydCd0CFhLnXOkUJlS0Qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081773801905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
双层板结构x方向位移云图, figureFileSmall=qMCmGlV7MOSL3sa6sr2+zg==, figureFileBig=m1ydCd0CFhLnXOkUJlS0Qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837081878659509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The y-direction displacement of the double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=tmWfxx7p8fTJrkuag433qw==, figureFileBig=uQNzGoPf8TLoG1P1RBo8hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082113540537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
双层板结构y方向位移云图, figureFileSmall=tmWfxx7p8fTJrkuag433qw==, figureFileBig=uQNzGoPf8TLoG1P1RBo8hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082251952573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The thermal warpage deformation of double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=HMfNSXkx8v1F8+mp/XHLOA==, figureFileBig=J4bWNV6zRQ+K8KN0MGJUrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082348421569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
双层板结构热翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=HMfNSXkx8v1F8+mp/XHLOA==, figureFileBig=J4bWNV6zRQ+K8KN0MGJUrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082444890565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Experimental and simulation result of thermal warpage along diagonal of the double-layer plate, figureFileSmall=CNzMX3q1aQ5lLv+fx91iAw==, figureFileBig=2/AZUeJuFA+gSb5XmDGtJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082532970953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
双层板对角线上的热翘曲实验及仿真结果, figureFileSmall=CNzMX3q1aQ5lLv+fx91iAw==, figureFileBig=2/AZUeJuFA+gSb5XmDGtJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837082608468428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Thermal warpage deformation at the four corners of the double-layer plate over time, figureFileSmall=pG2oACswzPr5Ns29XJmilg==, figureFileBig=+CHZ/CUD4X5M6PjL1uvJtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837085989077456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
双层板四角处的热翘曲变形时间变化曲线, figureFileSmall=pG2oACswzPr5Ns29XJmilg==, figureFileBig=+CHZ/CUD4X5M6PjL1uvJtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086135878100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Finite element model of the double-layer plate with frame substructure, figureFileSmall=aAfbCJ0otIc0EckgNT3k7w==, figureFileBig=qLW1WDYjF65VYvt+K9QJOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086249124313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
含边框双层板的有限元模型, figureFileSmall=aAfbCJ0otIc0EckgNT3k7w==, figureFileBig=qLW1WDYjF65VYvt+K9QJOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086333010398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The warpage deformation of double-layer plate with 0.5 mm thick frame at 130 ℃, figureFileSmall=/gnEu9rC1jv61CGUTmkO0Q==, figureFileBig=RzFs9KTHcHER2B5ys3tLow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086433673699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
0.5 mm厚边框的双层板结构130 ℃翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=/gnEu9rC1jv61CGUTmkO0Q==, figureFileBig=RzFs9KTHcHER2B5ys3tLow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086521754088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
The warpage deformation of double-layer plate with 0.8 mm thick frame at 130 ℃, figureFileSmall=L+OI8+2wp1X5blCoVHBW3Q==, figureFileBig=XpLUxkkwS15AQ5Jr+dhuTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086626611690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
0.8 mm厚边框的双层板结构130 ℃翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=L+OI8+2wp1X5blCoVHBW3Q==, figureFileBig=XpLUxkkwS15AQ5Jr+dhuTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086706303470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
The thermal warpage deformation of double-layer plate structure at 111 ℃, figureFileSmall=TrWqA5h9vM3ok72pGplqyA==, figureFileBig=U3SgysccEC89Q3AyHTkufw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086823743985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
双层板结构111 ℃时热翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=TrWqA5h9vM3ok72pGplqyA==, figureFileBig=U3SgysccEC89Q3AyHTkufw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086895047158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
The warpage deformation of double-layer plate structure with 0.5 mm thick frame at 111 ℃, figureFileSmall=4TBRaOsw6+LOhF0VMcgm2Q==, figureFileBig=Z3K7bS2r532tW+IMdXg93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837086962156026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
0.5 mm厚边框的双层板结构111 ℃翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=4TBRaOsw6+LOhF0VMcgm2Q==, figureFileBig=Z3K7bS2r532tW+IMdXg93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087050236414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
The warpage deformation of double-layer plate structure with 0.8 mm thick frame at 111 ℃, figureFileSmall=Qx2nr1tjgkecsC0dF25Dow==, figureFileBig=t5jdi6cQQZpE/6cq5CgtfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087155094020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
0.8 mm厚边框的双层板结构111 ℃翘曲变形云图, figureFileSmall=Qx2nr1tjgkecsC0dF25Dow==, figureFileBig=t5jdi6cQQZpE/6cq5CgtfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087272534535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=
The influence of the frame's elastic modulus on the maximum thermal warpage deformation of a stepped double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=/oWsizxvIQ2+P8+26pgHxA==, figureFileBig=Jz4gvojHUfUurKs3mU9qqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087339643403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
边框弹性模量对阶梯双层板结构热翘曲变形最大值的影响, figureFileSmall=/oWsizxvIQ2+P8+26pgHxA==, figureFileBig=Jz4gvojHUfUurKs3mU9qqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087427723789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=
The influence of the frame's thermal expansion coefficient on the maximum thermal warpage deformation of a stepped double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=GJ3gw+9p0mGeXthQh5Vptw==, figureFileBig=wskNXLspzDpNkrRZF7q7eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087519998481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
边框热膨胀系数对阶梯双层板结构热翘曲变形最大值的影响, figureFileSmall=GJ3gw+9p0mGeXthQh5Vptw==, figureFileBig=wskNXLspzDpNkrRZF7q7eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087629050388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=
The influence of the frame's width on the maximum thermal warpage deformation of a stepped double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=bDyO58Ujf93UeLrl8vOsrg==, figureFileBig=5bCzqln+lIDlAHd66dSt5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087725519383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图19, caption=
边框宽度对阶梯双层板结构热翘曲变形最大值的影响, figureFileSmall=bDyO58Ujf93UeLrl8vOsrg==, figureFileBig=5bCzqln+lIDlAHd66dSt5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087834571291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=
The influence of the frame's thickness on the maximum thermal warpage deformation of a stepped double-layer plate structure, figureFileSmall=v2KUb3XoE47aOfAs762H3A==, figureFileBig=exQgBD2DdF1ZIIVpzhMtgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837087918457375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=图20, caption=
边框厚度对阶梯双层板结构热翘曲变形最大值的影响, figureFileSmall=v2KUb3XoE47aOfAs762H3A==, figureFileBig=exQgBD2DdF1ZIIVpzhMtgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241837088052675106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Materialproperties of the double-layer plate
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数信息 | 1060铝合金 | C10100铜合金 | 硅橡胶 | 纯镁 |
|---|
| 密度(kg·m-3) | 2705 | 8940 | 1790 | 1740 |
| 杨氏模量(GPa) | 68 | 115 | 0.002 | 44 |
| 泊松比 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.35 |
| 热膨胀系数 | 2.20×10-5(20 ℃) | | | |
| 2.35×10-5(100 ℃) | 1.7×10-5 | 3.15×10-5 | 2.5×10-5 |
| 2.50×10-5(300 ℃) | | | |
| 热导率(W·m-1·K-1) | 245 | 391 | 0.65 | 159 |
| 比热容(J·kg-1·K-1) | 900 | 385 | 1000 | 1025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241837088153338404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
双层板材料参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数信息 | 1060铝合金 | C10100铜合金 | 硅橡胶 | 纯镁 |
|---|
| 密度(kg·m-3) | 2705 | 8940 | 1790 | 1740 |
| 杨氏模量(GPa) | 68 | 115 | 0.002 | 44 |
| 泊松比 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.35 |
| 热膨胀系数 | 2.20×10-5(20 ℃) | | | |
| 2.35×10-5(100 ℃) | 1.7×10-5 | 3.15×10-5 | 2.5×10-5 |
| 2.50×10-5(300 ℃) | | | |
| 热导率(W·m-1·K-1) | 245 | 391 | 0.65 | 159 |
| 比热容(J·kg-1·K-1) | 900 | 385 | 1000 | 1025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241837089642316331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Grid convergence verification result
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网格尺寸(网格数量) | 翘曲最大值结果 |
|---|
| 0.50 mm(45600) | 141.20 μm |
| 0.40 mm(71752) | 153.94 μm |
| 0.30 mm(125868) | 164.95 μm |
| 0.20 mm(285000) | 174.12 μm |
| 0.15 mm(518268) | 177.49 μm |
| 0.12 mm(789668) | 179.10 μm |
), ArticleFig(id=1241837089776534066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, articleId=1241837067508973705, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
网格收敛性验证结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网格尺寸(网格数量) | 翘曲最大值结果 |
|---|
| 0.50 mm(45600) | 141.20 μm |
| 0.40 mm(71752) | 153.94 μm |
| 0.30 mm(125868) | 164.95 μm |
| 0.20 mm(285000) | 174.12 μm |
| 0.15 mm(518268) | 177.49 μm |
| 0.12 mm(789668) | 179.10 μm |
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