Article(id=1244239604262486675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1244239603624952467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2023.038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1690473600000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774579438510, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774579438510, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774579438510, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774579438510, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244239603624952467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774579438358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774590203812, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244284757283025531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1244239603624952467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244284757283025532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, issueId=1244239603624952467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244239604652556949, articleId=1244239604262486675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=EN, title=Theoretical Study on the Effect of Distributions of Dislocations of Subsurface Microcracks on the Growth Behavior of Deflected Main Cracks, columnId=1244229834482757770, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the problem of a semi-infinite plane with an embedded deflected crack and a microcrack at any position under tensile loading, the integral equation for the corresponding dislocation density is established based on the method of continuous distributions of dislocations, and its mechanical parameters are obtained using the Gauss-Chebyshev numerical integration method. The theoretical results are verified using the finite element method. Compared with the case without microcracks, microcracks in certain directions (i. e., the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -90° and 45°) promote the growth of the main crack, while microcracks in other directions (i. e., the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between 45° and 90°) inhibit its growth. The stress intensity factor at the main crack tip decreases with the increase of the embedded depth of the crack and the distance from the center of the microcrack to the tip of the deflected main crack. When the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -90° and -65°, or between -25° and 10°, the propagation direction of the main crack deflects clockwise from the original propagation direction. When the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -65° and -25°, or between 10° and 90°, the propagation direction of the main crack deflects counterclockwise from the original propagation direction. Horizontal microcracks have a greater influence on the propagation direction of the main crack and the equivalent stress intensity factor compared with inclined microcracks.

, correspAuthors=Huadong Yan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qidong Zhang, Cheng Chen, Qiangsheng Wang, Huadong Yan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244239626173531051, articleId=1244239604262486675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241755870837649424, language=CN, title=次表面微裂纹对偏折主裂纹扩展行为的分布位错理论研究, columnId=1241831201896469478, journalTitle=固体力学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究在拉伸载荷作用下包含一条埋置偏折裂纹和一条任意位置微裂纹的半无限大平面问题. 论文基于连续分布位错法,建立相应的位错密度积分方程,并采用GAUESS-CHEBSHEV数值积分法得到其力学参量. 通过有限元法对理论结果进行了验证. 埋置深度、微裂纹中心到主裂纹尖端的距离将对主裂纹尖端的应力强度因子产生影响;结果表明相比于无微裂纹的情况,在某些方位处微裂纹对主裂纹尖端的扩展起到促进作用,而在其他方位的微裂纹对主裂纹尖端的扩展起到抑制作用;主裂纹尖端的扩展方向和等效应力强度因子相比于倾斜微裂纹而言受水平微裂纹的影响更大.

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**E-mail:.
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次表面微裂纹对偏折主裂纹扩展行为的分布位错理论研究
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张启洞 1 , 陈诚 1 , 王强胜 2 , 闫华东 1, **
固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024,45(1): 111-122
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固体力学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 45(1): 111-122
次表面微裂纹对偏折主裂纹扩展行为的分布位错理论研究
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张启洞1, 陈诚1, 王强胜2, 闫华东1, **
作者信息
  • 1中国兵器工业试验测试研究院,华阴,714200
  • 2四川建筑职业技术学院,德阳,618000

通讯作者:

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Theoretical Study on the Effect of Distributions of Dislocations of Subsurface Microcracks on the Growth Behavior of Deflected Main Cracks
Qidong Zhang1, Cheng Chen1, Qiangsheng Wang2, Huadong Yan1, **
Affiliations
  • 1Test and Measuring Academy of NORINCO Group, Huayin, 714200
  • 2Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, 618000
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2023.038
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为研究在拉伸载荷作用下包含一条埋置偏折裂纹和一条任意位置微裂纹的半无限大平面问题. 论文基于连续分布位错法,建立相应的位错密度积分方程,并采用GAUESS-CHEBSHEV数值积分法得到其力学参量. 通过有限元法对理论结果进行了验证. 埋置深度、微裂纹中心到主裂纹尖端的距离将对主裂纹尖端的应力强度因子产生影响;结果表明相比于无微裂纹的情况,在某些方位处微裂纹对主裂纹尖端的扩展起到促进作用,而在其他方位的微裂纹对主裂纹尖端的扩展起到抑制作用;主裂纹尖端的扩展方向和等效应力强度因子相比于倾斜微裂纹而言受水平微裂纹的影响更大.

偏折主裂纹  /  微裂纹  /  埋置深度  /  扩展方向  /  等效应力强度因子

To study the problem of a semi-infinite plane with an embedded deflected crack and a microcrack at any position under tensile loading, the integral equation for the corresponding dislocation density is established based on the method of continuous distributions of dislocations, and its mechanical parameters are obtained using the Gauss-Chebyshev numerical integration method. The theoretical results are verified using the finite element method. Compared with the case without microcracks, microcracks in certain directions (i. e., the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -90° and 45°) promote the growth of the main crack, while microcracks in other directions (i. e., the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between 45° and 90°) inhibit its growth. The stress intensity factor at the main crack tip decreases with the increase of the embedded depth of the crack and the distance from the center of the microcrack to the tip of the deflected main crack. When the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -90° and -65°, or between -25° and 10°, the propagation direction of the main crack deflects clockwise from the original propagation direction. When the azimuth angle of the microcrack is between -65° and -25°, or between 10° and 90°, the propagation direction of the main crack deflects counterclockwise from the original propagation direction. Horizontal microcracks have a greater influence on the propagation direction of the main crack and the equivalent stress intensity factor compared with inclined microcracks.

deflected main crack  /  microcrack  /  embedded depth  /  propagation direction  /  equivalent stress intensity factor
张启洞, 陈诚, 王强胜, 闫华东. 次表面微裂纹对偏折主裂纹扩展行为的分布位错理论研究. 固体力学学报, 2024 , 45 (1) : 111 -122 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2023.038
Qidong Zhang, Cheng Chen, Qiangsheng Wang, Huadong Yan. Theoretical Study on the Effect of Distributions of Dislocations of Subsurface Microcracks on the Growth Behavior of Deflected Main Cracks[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2024 , 45 (1) : 111 -122 . DOI: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2023.038
材料或结构中的缺陷是不可避免的,其中裂纹便是最严重的一种表现形式. 在外载荷的作用下,已有裂纹的扩展将受到多种因素的影响,如材料内部的微裂纹、杂质,空洞等. 随着外载荷和缺陷的持续影响,材料内部将不可避免的产生微裂纹,而微裂纹的存在将在一定程度上会对主裂纹的扩展产生影响. 许多文献研究了微裂纹对主裂纹的影响,如对主裂纹应力强度因子、主裂纹的扩展方向、裂纹尖端塑性的影响等. KACHANOV[1,2]在其著作里提出求解裂纹之间相互作用的方法,其原理为平均牵引力取代每条裂纹上的牵引力. MEGUID[3]采用有限元的方式探究了半无限平面内主裂纹尖端附近任意取向以及定位的微裂纹对应力强度因子的影响. LI等[4]采用分布位错法分析求解了在无限平面内微裂纹对主裂纹的应力强度因子、扩展方向等. 周家文等[5]针对脆性结构在拉伸条件下建立本构模型对微裂纹损伤进行验证,并获得了应力强度因子. Loehnert等[6]和Wang等[7]通过扩展有限元法分析了多个微裂纹对主裂纹的影响情况.
在许多材料中,裂纹的扩展并非以直线的形式而是以锯齿状的形式,锯齿状裂纹可等同为无数段偏折裂纹的连接形式. 因此,研究偏折裂纹可以更加合理的描述真实裂纹的扩展机理. 偏折裂纹在扩展中是十分常见的,对此很多学者针对偏折裂纹扩展进行了详细的研究[8]. 王梦凡等[9]建立含裂纹的三维钢轨滚动接触有限元模型,分析了钢轨表面裂纹扩展的力学行为,马玉娥等[10]基于光滑有限元法推导了热力耦合下相场脆弹性断裂的计算公式,模拟了I型热-弹性断裂与热冲击下陶瓷板的温度场响应和裂纹扩展过程. 由于分布位错法解决裂纹问题相比于有限元法、复变函数法、权函数法等有着更为简单、高效的优点. HILLS等[11]采用分布位错技术解答了关于无限平面内偏折裂纹的一些基本内容并分析了表面偏折裂纹在不同角度下应力强度因子的变化. 张雪朋等[12]采用分布位错技术求解了半无限大平面内次表面偏折裂纹的力学性质. 王强胜等[13]采用分布位错方法求解了多条微裂纹对偏折主裂纹的影响. LI等[8]采用分布位错技术求解在半无限平面内的微裂纹对偏折裂纹的影响. JIN等[14]同样利用分布位错技术求解多段偏折路径模拟液体填充裂纹的生长模式.
可以看出大多数学者将裂纹设定为无限平面内或者表面裂纹,但是忽略了次表面裂纹的存在. 次表面裂纹在不同埋置深度下的状态将会完全不同. 故本文研究偏折裂纹受到次表面微裂纹的影响及其力学性质的变化,探究了次表面裂纹不同深度下对偏折裂纹的应力强度因子,扩展方向、扩展速率的影响,得到的结果为实际的工程应用提供理论依据.
一个弹性半无限平面在拉伸载荷作用下包含一个埋置偏折裂纹以及一个任意取向位置的微裂纹,如图1所示. 将该问题一分为二. 子问题1:在半无限平面内,无裂纹,仅承受拉伸载荷作用;子问题2:在半无限平面内,无外载荷作用,仅有连续分布的位错来代替原有的裂纹. 子问题1可采用文献[15]的方法求解,子问题2采用布位错技术[16]进行求解. 最后采用叠加原理进而将问题完整求解.
将上述子问题进行简单叠加,得到合成的应力:
式中:为无裂纹时平面内任一点由拉伸载荷产生的应力场(子问题1)为无外载荷作用下在裂纹面上任一点处的应力(子问题2).
对于子问题1,其应力场可表示为:
σ表示拉伸载荷的大小,此文仅考虑拉伸载荷作用下,故其余皆为0.
对于子问题2,采用分布位错的方法进行求解,其求解过程为一个位置位于ξ,()0的位错在半无限平面内产生的应力场可表示为[17]
上式中,μ是剪切模量;κ是KOLOSOV常数,平面应力状态下,平面应变状态下κ=3-4νbxby为博格斯矢量的分量,Gxxx等为位错影响函数,其第一个下标与博格斯矢量的分量相对应,后两个下标与产生的应力分量对应,其表达式为[17]
其中,
为了便于区分,直裂纹、偏折裂纹以及微裂纹可将其描述为裂纹1,裂纹2,以及裂纹3.
对于公式(3)中将y=0,由位于裂纹1处的位错引起沿裂纹1的应力可得:
其中,表示位错列“1”处的位错在位错列“1”上产生的应力,表示位错“1”对位错列“1”的影响函数.
同理可得出位错列“1”处的位错列“2”上产生的应力,但需将坐标系x-o-y建立相互联系[17,18],其方法为:
利用以上公式将两个坐标系关联起来,采用公式(7)的方法将坐标系关联后,仍需将坐标系x-o-y下的应力旋转到坐标系下,此时采用摩尔应力圆的方法,得到位错在其坐标系下产生的应力场可以表示为[16]
其中,坐标转换后的影响函数推导过程如下[7]
如上所示,令,即可得到“1”在“2”上的应力,其推导如下:
同理可求出应力,以及应力. 同理,对于裂纹2和裂纹3之间的关系以及裂纹1和裂纹3之间的关系,也可如(7)所推导一般. 其表达式为:
其中(11)、(12)分别为位错列“2”处的位错列“3”以及位错列“1”处的位错列“3”上产生的应力推导. 并结合(8)、(9)、(10)可求出所有的应力分量. 利用位错列进行积分就可以得到偏折裂纹以及微裂纹上的位错产生的应力,其位错列“1”、“2”以及“3”的应力可以表示为
B1ξ)为在位错列“1”上的位错密度函数,B2ξ)为在位错列“2”上的位错密度函数,B3ξ)为在位错列“3”上的位错密度函数. 至此,两个子问题已经求解完成,对于图1所示的问题,必须确保裂纹面是无牵引的[16]. 其方程如下:
采用高斯切比雪夫求积法[19]来进行数值求解. 将积分区域[d-ad+a]、[-bb]和[-cc]无量纲化到[-1,1],其推导过程根据Hill[16]
上述方程根据高斯切比雪夫求积法含有离散点sIN个,配置点tKN-1个. 上述离散度、配置点来源于文献Hill[16]中. 具体结果如文献中情况一,即裂纹两端行为是奇异的. 包括直裂纹、偏折裂纹以及微裂纹.
对于偏折裂纹,根据文献[20]保证偏折点处连续性可视为偏折裂纹为两段直裂纹. 偏折裂纹偏折点处视为两段直裂纹的连接,且行为均为奇异的. 位错密度Bis)可视作有界函数与相应的基本函数的乘积[16]. 其位错密度的表达式可从文献[16]中找出:
将公式(15)、(16)、(17)代入公式(13)并实现离散化,其线性方程组表达式为:
上式中含有未知数6N个,但方程数为6N-6个,故仍缺乏六个方程,整个偏折裂纹位错的博格斯矢量之和为零. 添加方程:
偏折裂纹的偏折处保证其位移的连续性,因此在xy两个方向上分别建立方程:
同时仍要保持微裂纹上保证无净位错,由此得到方程:
联立上式(18)、(19)、(20)、(21)可形成矩阵方程组6N×6N即可求解. 求出的ϕisi),i=xy可文献[16]中获得求解应力强度因子的方法. 其表达式为:
将以上求解的代入全局坐标系中,可求得应力场如下:
裂纹的扩展方向,即裂纹沿着哪个方向发生扩展[21]. 根据文献[21]所提出的最大周向应力方法可进行判断. 可采用应力强度因子来进行计算裂纹的扩展方向,表达式如下:
上式(24)中,ψdirection为裂纹的扩展方向,本文以逆时针方向为正,顺手针为负. 可得出裂纹ψdirection为正时,裂纹的扩展方向为坐标系的一、二象限区域内;ψdirection为负时,裂纹的扩展方向为坐标系的三、四象限区域内.
裂纹的扩展速率与裂纹尖端的应力强度因子呈正相关,本文可利用等效应力强度因子KK组合作用表达扩展速率,其等效应力强度因子的表达式为[22,23]
文中的所求出的应力强度因子不能直接进行比较,所以用K*来无量纲化进行归一化出理. 具体表达式如下:
对于图1理论计算模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立一个2维的有限元模型,与分布位错所求出的理论解进行比较.
建立有限元模型如上图2所示,相应的参量选取dd/a=1.5,d/a=2,b/a=1,c/a=0.1且裂纹角的选取为β=30°,α=0°. 材料的弹性模量为210 GPa,泊松比为0.3,单元类型为PLANE 183,裂纹尖端为奇异性单元,在模型的竖直方向施加均匀的拉伸载荷. 所求出的有限元解和理论解对比图如图3所示. 不难看出理论解与有限元的解在一定误差范围内基本吻合. 所以采用分布位错方法进行求解的办法可行.
关于应力场方程的建立如公式(23)所示,只考虑微裂纹的影响,即将裂纹之间的距离d设置的非常大,使得主裂纹的影响忽略不计,所绘制的应力场等高线均采用无量纲化. 其结果等高线如图4(a)、(b). 图4(a)表示正应力应力场,不难看出,在图4(a)中裂纹尖端的无量纲化值大于1,这表明,若是在处有应力放大作用,同理在裂纹面上端以及下端无量纲化的值小于1,表明有应力屏蔽作用. 图4(b)表示切应力应力场,此图中显示微裂纹尖端切应力交替出现正负切应力区域.
在拉伸载荷作用下裂纹埋置深度以及微裂纹方位角对应力强度因子的变化图如图5所示. 其参数为d/a=1,b/a=1,c/a=0.1,β=30°以及α=0. 由以上条件可知,偏折裂纹的尖端只受裂纹埋置深度dd以及微裂纹的方位角θ的影响.
观察图5(a)可知,随着裂纹埋置深度得增加,其应力强度因子K逐渐减小,且整体变化趋势不变. 当微裂纹方位角-80°<θ<60°时,微裂纹对偏折裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K起到增强的作用;但是当微裂纹位于其他方向时,则对偏折裂纹起到抑制作用. 由图5(b可观察到裂纹埋置深度对其影响相对较小其整体变化不变. 当微裂纹方位角-90°<θ<30°时,微裂纹对偏折裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K起到增强的作用;但是当微裂纹位于其他方向时,则对偏折裂纹起到抑制作用. 以上原因可根据图4微裂纹附近的应力场总结为:微裂纹处在偏折主裂纹尖端的前方,主裂纹恰好处在微裂纹应力场的应力集中区则对偏折主裂纹的应力强度因子起到了放大的作用,反之,则起到了一定程度上的抑制作用.
在上文中得知在裂纹埋置深度dd/a=1.5时,其应力强度因子最大,以此为条件探究在拉伸载荷作用下,微裂纹所处方位对裂纹的扩展方向以及裂纹的扩展速率的变化图如图6所示. 其参数选取b/a=1,c/a=0.1,β=30°以及α=0. 由以上条件可知,偏折裂纹的尖端只受微裂纹中心距偏折裂纹尖端的距离d以及微裂纹的方位角θ的影响.
图6(a)可知,随着微裂纹中心距离偏折裂纹尖端越远,微裂纹对主裂纹的扩展方向的影响逐渐减小,偏折裂纹的扩展角也相对变小,其扩展方向为顺时针方向即在偏折裂纹的下端以ψ角的方向发生扩展. 当方位角-90°<θ<-65°和-25°<θ<10°时,微裂纹对主裂纹沿顺时针方向扩展起到促进作用;但当方位角-65°<θ<-25°和10°<θ<90°时,微裂纹对主裂纹沿逆时针方向扩展起到促进作用. 由公式(24)可知,偏折主裂纹尖端K并不会对裂纹扩展方向造成影响,裂纹偏转的主要因素为K. 由图6(a)可知,无微裂纹时,裂纹的扩展并未受到影响. 随着裂纹之间相对距离的增加,微裂纹的应力场对偏折主裂纹的影响逐渐减小,由图4(b)可知,切应力的应力场是正负交替的,当方位角改变,会使得主裂纹尖端处在微裂纹应力场的正负切应力区域,进而使得主裂纹的扩展方向变化如图6(a)所示.
图6(b)可知,随着微裂纹中心距离偏折裂纹尖端越远,微裂纹对主裂纹的等效应力强度因子的影响越小. 当-90°<θ<45°时,微裂纹增强了主裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子;当45°<θ<90°时,微裂纹降低了主裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子. 也就是说当-90°<θ<45°时,微裂纹促进了主裂纹的扩展,而当45°<θ<90°时,微裂纹对主裂纹的扩展具有抑制作用. 由公式(25)可知,等效应力强度因子的大小由KK共同决定,由微裂纹应力场图4(a)、(b)可知,当-90°<θ<45°时,处在正应力场和切应力场的应力集中区,故等效应力强度因子大于无微裂纹时的;同理,当45°<θ<90°时,处在正应力场和切应力场的屏蔽区.
图6中可以看出偏折主裂纹对所处方位的微裂纹在扩展方面受其影响较大,但微裂纹的倾斜角对主裂纹的扩展仍不可知,在图6(b)中可以看出在θ=6°时,等效应力强度因子最大. 由以上可以选择在θ=6°时探究微裂纹的倾斜角对主裂纹尖端扩展方向及等效应力强度因子的影响.
在拉伸载荷作用下裂纹埋置深度以及微裂纹倾斜角度对应力强度因子的变化图如图7所示. 其参数为d/a=1.5,b/a=1,c/a=0.1,β=30°以及θ=6°. 由以上条件可知,偏折裂纹的尖端只受裂纹埋置深度dd以及微裂纹的倾斜角α的影响.
观察图7(a)可知,随着裂纹埋置深度得增加,其应力强度因子K逐渐减小,且整体变化趋势不变. 微裂纹的倾斜角-90°<α<90°时,微裂纹对偏折裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K起到增强的作用;且在α=0时,微裂纹对偏折裂纹尖端的应力强度因子的增强达到最大,此时偏折裂纹应力更加集中. 由图7(b)可观察到,随着裂纹埋置深度的增加应力强度因子逐渐增大,但其整体变化趋势不变. 当微裂纹倾斜角-80°<α<60°时,微裂纹对偏折裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K起到增强的作用;但是当微裂纹位于其他方向时,则对偏折裂纹起到抑制作用. 且在α=0°时,由于微裂纹的作用,此时的剪切应力达到最大,故该处应力强度因子达到最大值.
由以上图7(b)可知在θ=6°时等效应力强度因子最大,可在此方位角下探究微裂纹的倾斜角对主裂纹扩展的影响. 在拉伸载荷作用下微裂纹的倾斜角对裂纹的扩展方向以及裂纹的扩展速率的变化图如图8所示. 其参数为dd/a=1.5,b/a=1,c/a=0.1,β=30°以及θ=6°. 由以上条件可知,偏折裂纹的尖端只受微裂纹的倾斜角α以及微裂纹的中心到偏折主裂纹尖端的距离d的影响.
图8(a)可知,随着微裂纹中心距离偏折裂纹尖端越远,微裂纹对主裂纹的扩展方向的影响逐渐减小,偏折裂纹的扩展角也相对变小,其扩展方向为顺时针方向即在偏折裂纹的下端以ψ角的方向发生扩展. 当倾斜角-50°<α<40°时,微裂纹对主裂纹沿顺时针方向扩展起到促进作用;但当倾斜角-90°<α<-50°和40°<α<90°时,微裂纹对主裂纹沿逆时针方向扩展起到促进作用. 由公式(24)可知,偏折主裂纹尖端K并不会对裂纹扩展方向造成影响,裂纹偏转的主要因素为K. 由图7(a)可知,无微裂纹时,裂纹的扩展并未受到影响. 随着裂纹之间相对距离的增加,微裂纹的应力场对偏折主裂纹的影响逐渐减小,由图4(b)可知,切应力的应力场是正负交替的,当倾斜角位于-50°<α<40°时,主裂纹尖端刚好位于微裂纹周围的应力场正切应力集中区域;同理,在倾斜角-90°<α<-50°和40°<α<90°时,处于负切应力集中区域.
图8(b)可知,随着微裂纹中心距离偏折裂纹尖端越远,微裂纹对主裂纹的等效应力强度因子的影响越小. 当-90°<α<75°时,微裂纹增强了主裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子;当75°<α<90°时,微裂纹降低了主裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子. 也就是说当-90°<α<75°时,微裂纹促进了主裂纹的扩展,而当75°<α<90°时,微裂纹对主裂纹的扩展具有抑制作用. 由公式(25)可知,等效应力强度因子的大小由KK共同决定,由微裂纹应力场图4(a)、(b)可知,当-90°<α<75°时,裂纹尖端刚好位于微裂纹周围的应力场应力集中区域;同理,当75°<α<90°时,处于应力场应力屏蔽区域.
图8中可以看出偏折主裂纹在不同倾斜角下微裂纹的扩展变化,在α=0°时,裂纹的扩展方向、等效应力强度因子均达到最大. 对于方位角和倾斜角之间的关系需要进一步的讨论.
在拉伸载荷作用下微裂纹的倾斜角对裂纹的扩展方向以及裂纹的扩展速率的变化图如图9所示. 其参数为dd/a=1.5,b/a=1,c/a=0.1,β=30°以及d=1. 由以上条件可知,偏折裂纹的尖端只受微裂纹的倾斜角α以及微裂纹的方位角θ的影响.
图9的两图规律较乱,总结起来相对麻烦,这是由于微裂纹的切应力场存在正负切应力区域交替形成的. 由图9(a)可知,微裂纹在不同倾斜角上对主裂纹尖端的扩展角变化形式不同. 不难发现,在0°<θ<10°方位角范围内,其扩展角度的影响相对越小,且θ>10°时,微裂纹对主裂纹沿逆时针方向扩展起到促进作用. 由以上内容可知,切应力场会出现正负交替的形式,改变微裂纹方位角使得应力场发生改变,从而改变主裂纹尖端的K使得裂纹的扩展方向发生相应的变化. 由图9(b)可知,微裂纹在不同倾斜角上对主裂纹尖端的扩展角变化形式不同. 在-90°<θ<30°微裂纹对主裂纹的等效应力强度因子起到增强作用,在30°<θ<90°时,微裂纹起到减弱作用. 由以上内容可知,等效应力强度因子的大小由KK共同决定,所以当-90°<θ<30°时,处在正应力场和切应力场的应力集中区,故等效应力强度因子大于无微裂纹时的值;相反,在-90°<θ<30°时,处于屏蔽区,等效应力强度因子小于无微裂纹时的值.
本文研究了在半无限平面内,埋置偏折裂纹含有微裂纹的问题. 采用分布位错方法得到相应的问题的理论解,先后分析了裂纹埋置深度微裂纹在不同倾斜角、不同方位角对应力强度因子的影响以及不同方位角和不同倾斜角对主裂纹扩展方向及等效应力强度因子的影响. 所得结论有如下几点:
(1)主裂纹尖端的应力强度因子随裂纹埋置深度以及微裂纹中心到偏折主裂纹尖端的距离的增大而减小.
(2)当-90°<θ<45°时,微裂纹的存在对主裂纹的扩展起到一定程度的促进作用;但是当45°<θ<90°时,微裂纹的存在对主裂纹的扩展起到一定程度的抑制作用.
(3)当-90°<θ<-65°和-25°<θ<10°时,微裂纹的存在使得主裂纹的扩展方向相比于原本的扩展方向顺时针偏转;当-65°<θ<-25°和10°<θ<90°时,主裂纹的扩展方向相比于原本的扩展方向逆时针偏转.
(4)水平微裂纹比倾斜微裂纹对主裂纹的扩展方向以及等效应力强度因子的影响更大.
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(11472230)
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2024年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.19636/j.cnki.cjsm42-1250/o3.2023.038
  • 接收时间:2023-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-28
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国家自然科学基金项目(11472230)
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    1中国兵器工业试验测试研究院,华阴,714200
    2四川建筑职业技术学院,德阳,618000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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