Article(id=1321945219248014333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1321944922048016891, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250499, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750608000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-23, revisedDate=1757347200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793105900823, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793105900823, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793105900823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793105900823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321944922048016891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='351', pageEnd='820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793105829965, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793105829965, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=397, endPage=413, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321945220145595390, articleId=1321945219248014333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Rheological Property Control of 3D Printable Concrete, columnId=1321894938464333923, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Mid-term Achievement of Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation—Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Concrete 3D printing technology has attracted much attention in the construction industry due to its high degree of automation, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. However, this technology imposes stricter requirements on the rheological properties of concrete. The material must exhibit a good fluidity during pumping and extrusion stages, while also demonstrating a superior buildability during the deposition phase. It is thus essential for production of high-performance 3D printable concrete and ensuring its printability to clarify the evolution mechanisms and underlying principles of rheological behavior.
This review firstly introduces the key rheological parameters and testing methods for 3D printable concrete, and then discusses the evolution mechanisms of rheological properties from the perspectives of interparticle forces and hydration reactions. The influence of typical solid waste materials (i.e., steel slag powder and recycled brick powder with distinct physical and chemical characteristics) on the rheological performance and the fundamental mechanisms are analyzed. In addition, the effect of shear action occurred during the printing process on the rheological properties is also illustrated.
Summary and Prospects The evolution of rheological properties in cement-based materials is governed by a complex interplay of colloidal interparticle forces (i.e., the van der Waals and electrical double-layer forces) and cement hydration, altering the solid volume fraction and C-S-H interactions. While hydration dominates static yield stress growth after the acceleration period, the relative contributions of colloidal versus hydration effects beforehand remain debated. In a macroscopic scale, concrete rheology is determined via a synergy between the paste properties and the aggregate volume fraction. The system transitions from being paste-dominated to governed by aggregate contact forces once a critical volume fraction is exceeded. The plastic viscosity and yield stress are quantitatively described by the Krieger-Dougherty and Chateau-Ovarlez-Trung models, respectively. Solid waste materials further modulate rheology by altering the water film thickness via changes in particle packing and specific surface area and by influencing the yield stress development rate through modifications to surface energy, liquid phase ionic strength, and hydration kinetics. The existing research sufficiently addresses the impact of mix proportions. However, a significant knowledge gap persists for the time-dependent rheological evolution under the complex shear history inherent to 3D printing processes. Future work should thus focus on elucidating the underlying microscopic mechanisms and developing quantitative models that couple shear effects with multiple material parameters to enable a precise rheological control.
, authors=Zedi ZHANG, Zijian JIA, Lutao JIA, Yilin ZHAO, Wei WANG, Yamei ZHANG, Yu CHEN, authorsList=Zedi ZHANG, Zijian JIA, Lutao JIA, Yilin ZHAO, Wei WANG, Yamei ZHANG, Yu CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yamei ZHANG, Yu CHEN, authorNote=
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近年来，混凝土3D打印技术因其自动化程度高、效率高且经济性好等特点，在建筑领域受到广泛关注。然而，该技术对流变性能提出了更为严格的要求，材料需在泵送与挤出阶段具备良好流动性，同时在建造阶段表现出优异的可建造性。深入理解流变性能的演变规律与作用机制，是制备高性能3D打印混凝土并保障其可打印性的基础和关键。为此，本文首先介绍了3D打印混凝土的主要流变参数及测试方法；然后从颗粒间作用力和水化反应两方面探讨了流变性能的演变机制；进而以2种典型的具有不同物化性质的固废钢渣粉和再生砖粉为例，分析了其对水泥基材料流变性能的影响和调控机制，同时分析了3D打印工艺中剪切作用对流变性能的影响。最后，对未来的研究方向进行了展望。该文可为3D打印混凝土的流变性能调控和打印工艺优化提供理论依据与实践指导。
, authors=张泽的, 贾子健, 贾鲁涛, 赵倚琳, 王伟, 张亚梅, 陈宇, authorsList=张泽的, 贾子健, 贾鲁涛, 赵倚琳, 王伟, 张亚梅, 陈宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张亚梅, 陈宇, authorNote=
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张亚梅（1968—），女，博士，教授
陈宇（1990—），男，博士，教授。
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ZHANG Zedi (1996-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 15636128562@163.com
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ZHANG Zedi (1996-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 15636128562@163.com
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张泽的（1996—），男，博士研究生。
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张泽的（1996—），男，博士研究生。
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