Article(id=1320123075761386450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1778601600000, receivedDateStr=2026-05-13, revisedDate=1783267200000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792671467961, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1788278400000, pubDateStr=2026-09-02, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792671467961, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792671467961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792671467961, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320122987781673454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='10', pageStart='3315', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1792425600000', pubDateStr='2026-10-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792671446986, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720523418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328829357375869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328829357375870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3554, endPage=3563, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320123075962713043, articleId=1320123075761386450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Calculation and Experiment on the Glass Forming Region of Fluorophosphate Laser Glass, columnId=1320123050062893187, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Key Inorganic Non-metallic Materials for Intelligent Construction at the 28th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology–Intelligent Design and Industrial Frontiers of Advanced Glass—Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction Fluorophosphate (FP) laser glass offers high rareearth solubility, low nonlinear refractive index, and a large Abbe number, making it a promising gain medium for high-power fiber lasers. The determination of the glass-forming region is fundamental to developing new laser glass systems. Previous studies have relied heavily on trialanderror approaches, yielding only limited data at prohibitive cost in terms of manpower, finances, and material resources. In this work, thermodynamic calculations are employed to investigate the glass-forming region of multicomponent FP glass systems. The results reveal that thermodynamic calculations can effectively predict the glass-forming region of FP glasses. Moreover, differences in cation field strength and interactions with anions are identified as critical factors governing the glassforming ability and structural stability of FP glasses. Based on these theoretical predictions, a ytterbiumdoped, high-gain FP laser glass and fiber are designed and fabricated through compositional optimization, and initial 1.0 μm laser output is successfully demonstrated.
Methods The thermodynamic calculations are based on the free energy balance between liquid and solid phases in binary systems. By solving the equilibrium equation, the melting temperature is obtained as a function of composition, and the eutectic point is determined by locating the minimum of this function. For ternary and higher-component systems, the binary eutectic points are treated as “quasi-compounds”, and the calculation is performed iteratively to construct the theoretical glass-forming region. The predicted regions were validated against experimental data reported in the literature. Raman spectroscopy combined with peak-fitting analysis was used to quantify Qn species, while density and refractive index measurements were carried out for physical property evaluation. Yb3+-doped FP glasses and fibers were then fabricated based on the predicted glass-forming region, and their laser performance was characterized.
Results and discussion Quantitative comparison between predicted and experimental glass-forming regions shows overlap ratios of 74.5%, 100%, and approximately 100% for the three systems examined, confirming that the method effectively locates the main compositional range of glass formation. Raman analysis reveals a transition from Q2-dominated chain structures at high phosphate contents to Q0/Q1 units at low phosphate contents, with the Q2 fraction decreasing from 73.4% to 8.4% as phosphate content drops from 80%(mole fraction) to 40%. Cation field strength is identified as a critical factor: the higher field strength of Zn2+ (0.43) relative to Ba2+ (0.24) leads to stronger network bonds but greater sensitivity to composition variation, resulting in a narrower glass-forming region. Guided by the theoretical predictions, Yb3+-doped FP fibers were fabricated with a peak gain coefficient of 5.56 dB/cm at 1064 nm and stable dual-wavelength laser emission at 1023.3 nm and 1031.5 nm under 974 nm pumping.
Conclusions This work demonstrates that thermodynamic calculations based on eutectic point prediction provide a valid pre-screening tool for locating glass-forming regions in multicomponent FP systems. Cation field strength governs the glass-forming window and structural stability. Guided by theoretical predictions, Yb3+-doped FP fibers were successfully fabricated with stable 1.0 μm laser output, validating the effectiveness of this combined theoretical-experimental approach for developing novel laser glass materials.
, authors=Taiyu DUAN, Xin ZHANG, Yao JI, Weichao WANG, Qinyuan ZHANG, authorsList=Taiyu DUAN, Xin ZHANG, Yao JI, Weichao WANG, Qinyuan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinyuan ZHANG, authorNote=
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氟磷酸盐（FP）激光玻璃具有稀土溶解度高、非线性折射率低、阿贝数高等优异特性，是高功率光纤激光器的理想候选增益介质之一。玻璃形成区（成玻区）研究是新型激光玻璃体系的关键基础，以往的研究主要依赖“试错法”，通过大量试验才获得一些有限数据，消耗的“人财物”力巨大。本工作运用热力学计算方法，研究了多元FP玻璃体系的成玻区。结果表明，热力学计算方法可有效地预测FP玻璃的成玻区，同时，研究发现阳离子场强差异及其与阴离子的相互作用是影响FP玻璃形成能力与结构稳定性的重要因素之一。进一步地，本工作基于理论预测结果，通过组分优化设计，研制了掺镱高增益FP激光玻璃与玻璃光纤，初步实现了1.0 μm激光输出。
, authors=段太宇, 张心, 姬瑶, 王伟超, 张勤远, authorsList=段太宇, 张心, 姬瑶, 王伟超, 张勤远, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张勤远, authorNote=
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张勤远（1968-），男，教授。
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DUAN Taiyu (1999-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: duanty_99@163.com
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DUAN Taiyu (1999-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: duanty_99@163.com
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段太宇（1999-），男，博士研究生。
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段太宇（1999-），男，博士研究生。
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