硅酸盐学报

氧化铝气凝胶的结构、组成调控及其耐温性能

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姜震东 , 姜勇刚 , 赵梦瑶 , 冯军宗 , 李良军 , 胡艺洁 , 冯坚

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(10): 3782-3794

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (10) : 3782 -3794

氧化铝气凝胶的结构、组成调控及其耐温性能

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姜震东, 姜勇刚, 赵梦瑶, 冯军宗, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚

作者信息

国防科技大学空天科学学院，新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室，长沙　410073

通讯作者:

姜勇刚（1979-），男，博士，副研究员。

作者简介:

姜震东（2002-），男，硕士研究生。

Structure and Composition Engineering of Alumina Aerogels for Enhanced Thermal Stability

Zhendong JIANG, Yonggang JIANG, Mengyao ZHAO, Junzong FENG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG

Affiliations

Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Corresponding Author:

JIANG Yonggang (1979-), male, Ph.D., Associate Research Fellow. E-mail: jygemail@nudt.edu.cn

JIANG Zhendong (2002-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: jzd0880@163.com

出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250790

文章导航

摘要

收起

氧化铝气凝胶凭借其低热导率、低密度和优于氧化硅气凝胶的耐温性能，在航空航天高温隔热领域极具潜力。然而，其高温受热时的相转变、孔结构坍塌和烧结收缩，制约了其在高温工况下的应用。本文聚焦三大耐温性能调控策略：结构单元调控、外源组分掺杂和隔离相构筑，系统综述了近年来提升氧化铝气凝胶耐温性能的研究进展，并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词

氧化铝气凝胶 / 耐温隔热性能 / 结构单元调控 / 隔离相构筑

Abstract

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Driven by the rapid development of hypersonic vehicles and long-duration spacecraft, increasingly severe aerothermal environments have imposed unprecedented demands on thermal protection systems, requiring novel thermal insulation materials that combine low density, ultralow thermal conductivity, and excellent high-temperature durability. Aerogels, with their three-dimensional nanoporous networks, ultrahigh porosity, and suppressed solid- and gas-phase heat transport, are promising candidates for thermal protection applications. Among them, conventional silica aerogels, despite their excellent insulating properties, are typically limited to service temperatures below 800 ℃ due to structural densification and performance degradation at elevated temperatures. In contrast, alumina aerogels can operate above 1000 ℃ while maintaining low thermal conductivity and demonstrating superior high-temperature stability, making them a focal point in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation.

However, alumina aerogels still face serious challenges under high-temperature conditions. During heating, alumina undergoes successive phase transitions; in particular, above approximately 1000 ℃, the transformation to thermodynamically stable α-Al₂O₃ involves reconstruction from a cation-vacancy-rich spinel-like structure to a close-packed corundum structure. This transition causes rapid densification, substantial volumetric shrinkage, and particle sintering. As a result, the specific surface area and porosity collapse rapidly, causing the thermal insulation performance to deteriorate sharply at high temperatures, which severely restricts practical application.

To address these issues, recent efforts to improve the high-temperature performance of alumina aerogels can be grouped into three main strategies: 1) structural-unit engineering, in which highly crystalline or anisotropic building blocks are designed to enhance the thermal stability of the aerogel skeleton; 2) extrinsic doping, in which elements such as Si, Ti, Zr, and La are introduced to suppress the nucleation and grain growth of α-Al₂O₃; and 3) isolation phase construction, in which thermally stable secondary phases are formed between alumina particles to retard sintering after phase transformation. This review summarizes recent progress in these three strategies, analyzes of their underlying mechanisms, and discusses future directions for developing alumina aerogels with higher temperature resistance.

Summary and prospects

This review systematically summarizes recent advances in enhancing the temperature resistance of alumina aerogels through three key strategies: structural-unit engineering, extrinsic doping, and isolation phase construction. These approaches have effectively delayed alumina phase transformation and suppressed high-temperature sintering, increasing the short-term service temperature from approximately 1000 ℃ to as high as 1600 ℃ while maintaining low thermal conductivity and structural integrity at elevated temperatures. However, for applications requiring higher temperatures and longer exposure times, future research should prioritize multiscale synergistic design, infrared opacification, mechanical reinforcement, and deeper investigation of the microscopic mechanisms of high-temperature phase transformation and sintering. Integrating the integration of emerging technologies such as multiscale simulation and artificial intelligence is expected to accelerate the development of alumina aerogels that simultaneously achieve ultrahigh-temperature structural stability and durable thermal insulation functionality.

Key words

alumina aerogels / temperature-resistant thermal insulation / structural-unit engineering / isolation phase construction

引用本文

姜震东, 姜勇刚, 赵梦瑶, 冯军宗, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚. 氧化铝气凝胶的结构、组成调控及其耐温性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3782 -3794 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250790

Zhendong JIANG, Yonggang JIANG, Mengyao ZHAO, Junzong FENG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG. Structure and Composition Engineering of Alumina Aerogels for Enhanced Thermal Stability[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3782 -3794 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250790

基金

收起

湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30632; 2025JJ20045)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204403)

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2026年第54卷第10期

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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250790

接收时间：2025-10-30
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-09-01

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收稿日期：2025-10-30
修回日期：2025-11-27

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湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30632; 2025JJ20045)

国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204403)

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国防科技大学空天科学学院，新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室，长沙　410073

通讯作者:

姜勇刚（1979-），男，博士，副研究员。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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