硅酸盐学报

粤汉铁路混凝土组成和微结构特性

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宋奔 ¹^,² , 何健辉 ¹^,² , 杨露 ¹ , 王发洲 ¹^,² , 胡曙光 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(10): 3655-3666

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (10) : 3655 -3666

粤汉铁路混凝土组成和微结构特性

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宋奔¹^,², 何健辉¹^,², 杨露¹, 王发洲¹^,², 胡曙光¹^,²

作者信息

^1.武汉理工大学硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉　430070

^2.武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉　430070

通讯作者:

杨露（1985-），男，博士，研究员。

王发洲（1975-），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

宋奔（2001-），男，博士研究生。

Composition and Microstructure Characteristics of Concretes from the Yuehan Railway

Ben SONG¹^,², Jianhui HE¹^,², Lu YANG¹, Fazhou WANG¹^,², Shuguang HU¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding Author:

YANG Lu (1985-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: yanglu@whut.edu.cn

WANG Fazhou (1975-), male, Ph.D., Professor. fzhwang@whut.edu.cn

SONG Ben (2001-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 294619@whut.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250749

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摘要

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粤汉铁路已有近百年历史，为长龄期混凝土性能评价提供了宝贵研究机会。本工作采用X射线衍射、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线计算机断层扫描研究了铁路承台、轨枕和桥墩3个部位混凝土材料的水化产物相组成与微结构特性。结果表明，粤汉铁路混凝土轨枕部位的抗压强度高达110.68 MPa，电通量为868 C，暴露环境显著影响水化产物分布。背散射图像分析方法（BSE/IA）表征显示，承台、轨枕和桥墩的界面过渡区（ITZ）厚度分别为50、30 μm和40 μm。此外，轨枕混凝土的临界孔隙为0.1 mm³，大孔主导总体孔隙率但未见贯通裂隙，整体结构致密化。本工作为评估混凝土的长龄期服役性能与高性能水泥材料设计提供参考。

关键词

粤汉铁路 / 混凝土 / 微观结构 / 界面过渡区 / 孔隙结构

Abstract

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Introduction

Since the late nineteenth century, railway construction has been a key driver of national development in China. The Yuehan Railway is one of the earliest modern railways in the country, playing an important role in advancing transportation infrastructure and regional economic growth. Over the past century, the concrete structures of the Yuehan Railway have been exposed to complex environmental actions, including high humidity, seasonal fluctuations in the Yangtze River water level, chemical ions, and sediment-induced abrasion. These factors have collectively accelerated surface deterioration and microstructural degradation. Recent decreases in river water levels have revealed the concrete remains of Xujia Peng Station, providing a rare opportunity to examine century-old concrete. This study conducts field sampling and laboratory analyses to characterize the composition and microstructure evolution of the relic concrete. Techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron imaging (BSE), and X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) are employed. The findings offer scientific support for the preservation of historic constructions and provide reference insights for durability design in cement materials.

Methods

Concrete samples were collected during the dry season from the exposed remains of the Xujia Peng Station section of the Yuehan Railway. Representative fragments were obtained from pile caps and bridge piers via manual chiseling, while intact cores were extracted from sleeper components. After drying and surface preparation, samples were processed for mechanical testing and microstructural analysis. Compressive strength and chloride ion penetration resistance were measured on φ 100 mm × h 100 mm and φ 100 mm × h 50 mm cylindrical specimens, respectively. Phase assemblages were quantified using (XRD) with Rietveld refinement, complemented by thermogravimetric analysis. Microstructural morphology, ITZ distribution, and elemental composition were examined via (SEM), backscattered electron imaging with image analysis (BSE/IA), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Three-dimensional pore architecture was evaluated using high-resolution X-CT, enabling quantitative pore size distribution.

Results and discussion

The sleeper concrete exhibited exceptional long-term stability, with an average compressive strength of 110.68 MPa and an electrical charge passed of 868 C, corresponding to a Q-IV chloride resistance grade. XRD and TG/DTG analyses revealed nearly complete hydration of clinker phases after nearly a century of service. C₃A and C₄AF were fully consumed, and only trace amounts of C₃S and C₂S remained. Due to prolonged exposure to air, pile cap and pier samples showed severe carbonation, with CaCO₃ mass fractions exceeding 20% and minimal portlandite. By contrast, sleeper samples exhibited limited carbonation. Quantitative BSE/IA demonstrated clear ITZ gradients in all samples. The ITZ thicknesses for pile cap, sleeper, and pier concretes were approximately 50, 30 μm, and 40 μm, respectively. ITZ regions consistently exhibited elevated porosity and reduced hydration product content near aggregate surfaces. The gradient of hydration product volume fraction stabilized beyond the ITZ boundary, indicating a distinct microstructural transition from porous interface zones to dense bulk matrix. SEM/EDS analyses revealed dense C-S-H gel, AFt/AFm products, localized carbonate phases, and well-preserved matrix integrity in the sleeper samples. While microcracks existed near aggregate boundaries, the overall matrix remained chemically stable. X-CT imaging showed a predominantly disconnected pore system consisting of fine capillary pores and a small number of large voids. The critical pore volume of the sleeper concrete was 0.1 mm³, above which macropores dominated total porosity but did not form continuous pathways.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive microstructural and performance assessment of century-old Yuehan Railway concrete. Sleeper concrete retained high compressive strength (110.68 MPa) and low chloride permeability (868 C), demonstrating excellent durability after nearly 100 years of service. Pile cap and pier concretes underwent significant carbonation, while sleeper concrete exhibited limited carbonation due to environmental shielding. ITZ thicknesses were approximately 50 μm (pile cap), 30 μm (sleeper), and 40 μm (pier), with higher porosity and microstructural heterogeneity compared to bulk matrix. X-CT analysis identified a critical pore volume of 0.1 mm³, indicating that large isolated pores govern overall porosity without forming permeable networks. Overall, the Yuehan Railway concrete demonstrates outstanding long-term mechanical and durability properties, offering valuable insights for cementitious material design.

Key words

Yuehan railway / concrete / microstructure / interface transition zone / pore structure

引用本文

宋奔, 何健辉, 杨露, 王发洲, 胡曙光. 粤汉铁路混凝土组成和微结构特性. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3655 -3666 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250749

Ben SONG, Jianhui HE, Lu YANG, Fazhou WANG, Shuguang HU. Composition and Microstructure Characteristics of Concretes from the Yuehan Railway[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3655 -3666 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250749

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(52341202; 52172025)
湖北省科技计划项目(2025BCA004)

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2026年第54卷第10期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250749

接收时间：2025-10-16
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-07-20

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收稿日期：2025-10-16
修回日期：2025-11-14

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(52341202; 52172025)

湖北省科技计划项目(2025BCA004)

作者信息

^1.武汉理工大学硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉　430070

^2.武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉　430070

通讯作者:

杨露（1985-），男，博士，研究员。

王发洲（1975-），男，博士，教授。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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