硅酸盐学报

不同电解液体系下钢渣对水泥基材料结构储能性能的影响机理

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刘睿丹 ¹ , 冯攀 ¹ , 袁龙 ¹ , 吴跃东 ² , 彭犇 ² , 缪昌文 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 第二十八届中国科协年会智能建造关键无机非金属材料–AI驱动水泥基材料创新专题-研究论文 2026,54(10): 3317-3327

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硅酸盐学报 |第二十八届中国科协年会智能建造关键无机非金属材料–AI驱动水泥基材料创新专题-研究论文 2026 , 54 (10) : 3317 -3327

不同电解液体系下钢渣对水泥基材料结构储能性能的影响机理

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刘睿丹¹, 冯攀¹, 袁龙¹, 吴跃东², 彭犇², 缪昌文¹

作者信息

^1.东南大学材料科学与工程学院，重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室，江苏省土木工程材料重点实验室，南京　211189

^2.中冶建筑研究总院有限公司，钢铁工业环境保护全国重点实验室，北京　102629

通讯作者:

冯攀（1988-），女，教授

彭犇（1985-），男，教授。

作者简介:

刘睿丹（1998-），女，博士研究生。

Influence of Steel Slag on Structural Energy Storage Performance of Cement-Based Materials with Different Electrolyte

Ruidan LIU¹, Pan FENG¹, Long YUAN¹, Yuedong WU², Ben PENG², Changwen MIAO¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, Nanjing 211189, China

^2.Central Research Institute of Building and Construction, MCC Group, Co. Ltd, State Key Laboratory of Iron and Steel Industry Environmental Protection, Beijing 100088, China

Corresponding Author:

FENG Pan (1988-), female, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: pan.feng@seu.edu.cn

PENG Ben (1985-), male, Ph.D., Professor. pengbenmcc@163.com

LIU Ruidan (1998-), female, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 230238714@seu.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-07-24 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260271

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摘要

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为探究固体废弃物在建筑结构-储能的一体化中的应用潜力，本工作以铝粉为造孔剂、钢渣为掺合料，制备多孔水泥基结构电解质，并分别构建基于KOH电解液的活性炭//活性炭对称超级电容器和基于ZnSO₄电解液的锌//活性炭混合超级电容器；系统研究不同电解液和钢渣掺量对多孔水泥基材料力学性能、离子电导率及微观结构的影响，结合电化学性能测试分析其储能机制与调控机理。结果表明：铝粉造孔与钢渣共同促进了材料内部连通孔隙网络的形成，结构电解质的离子电导率均随铝粉掺量和钢渣掺量增加而提高，且KOH体系显著高于ZnSO₄体系，最高分别达到130.5 mS/cm和26.1 mS/cm。KOH浸泡后抗压强度几乎没有变化，而ZnSO₄浸泡后抗压强度明显提高，由9.6 MPa增加到17.5 MPa，增幅达82.3%。结果分析表明，KOH体系器件以双电层电容为主要储能机制，具有低阻抗和良好倍率性能；ZnSO₄体系器件表现出锌离子混合储能特征，能量密度可达到72.2 W·h/kg。钢渣通过促进连通孔隙网络形成、改善离子迁移路径并调节界面电化学过程，实现了对材料离子传输性能、力学稳定性及器件储能行为的协同优化。研究结果为固废基结构储能器件的设计与应用提供参考。

关键词

钢渣 / 结构储能 / 超级电容器 / 电化学性能

Abstract

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Introduction

With the rapid development of low-carbon buildings and structural-energy storage integration technologies, cement-based materials, as core components of building structures, are increasingly required to possess simultaneously load-bearing and energy storage functions. However, the inherently low ion transport efficiency of traditional cement-based materials, along with the difficulty in simultaneously improving mechanical and energy storage performance, limits their application in structural energy storage. Steel slag, a bulk solid waste with hydration activity, can be utilized as a supplementary cementitious material to regulate pore structure and optimize microstructural interfaces, thereby enhancing ionic transport and energy storage performance. Meanwhile, electrolyte type plays a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of cement-based energy storage devices. Therefore, a systematic investigation into the effects of steel slag on the mechanical and energy storage properties of cement-based materials in different electrolyte systems is of considerable theoretical value and practical significance.

Methods

Porous cement-based structural electrolytes were prepared using aluminum powder as a pore-forming agent and steel slag as a supplementary cementitious admixture, with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4. Aluminum powder contents were 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.10%, while steel slag contents were 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% (by mass of cement). After standard curing for 28 d, specimens were immersed in 2 mol/L KOH or ZnSO₄solution for 7 d. Activated carbon (AC), acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride were mixed, and N-methylpyrrolidone was added before grinding to form a uniform slurry, which was coated onto a stainless-steel foil current collector and dried to obtain AC electrodes. Subsequently, AC//AC symmetric supercapacitors and Zn//AC hybrid supercapacitors were assembled in the KOH system and ZnSO₄ system, respectively. The compressive strength of the samples was measured, and ionic conductivity was evaluated using an electrochemical workstation. The microstructure and phase composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). The electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements.

Results and discussion

The synergistic effect of aluminum powder-induced pore formation and steel slag incorporation significantly promoted the development of an interconnected pore network, thereby increasing ionic conductivity. Ionic conductivity increased with increasing aluminum powder and steel slag contents, reaching 130.5 mS/cm (KOH) and 26.1 mS/cm (ZnSO₄). The type of electrolyte had a significant impact on the compressive strength of the samples. After immersion in KOH solution, the compressive strength of the samples remained essentially unchanged, indicating that KOH mainly contributed to pore-solution filling. In contrast, after immersion in ZnSO₄ solution, the compressive strength of the samples increased markedly. The compressive strength of the S1A5 specimen increased from 9.6 MPa to 17.5 MPa, corresponding to an improvement of 82.3%. Microstructural analysis revealed that ZnSO₄ reacted with cement hydration products to form compounds such as zinc hydroxide sulfate and gypsum, which effectively filled internal pores and refined the pore structure, thereby enabling the simultaneous enhancement of ionic conductivity and compressive strength.

Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the devices based on the KOH system exhibited a typical electric-double-layer capacitive behavior, characterized by low internal resistance and excellent rate capability, but had a relatively low energy density of only 10.8 W·h/kg. In contrast, the ZnSO4-based devices displayed a hybrid energy-storage mechanism combining electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, resulting in a significantly improved energy density of 72.2 W·h/kg. Both types of devices exhibited excellent cycling stability, with capacity retention exceeding 90% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that aluminum powder and steel slag synergistically regulate the pore structure and ionic transport properties of cement-based structural electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of the KOH system is markedly higher than that of the ZnSO₄ system. ZnSO₄ can react with cement hydration products to enhance compressive strength and ionic conductivity simultaneously, while also enabling high energy density in Zn//AC hybrid supercapacitors. Steel slag contributes to multi-performance optimization by promoting pore connectivity, facilitating ion transport, and improving interfacial electrochemical processes. These findings highlight the dual value of solid-waste reuse and functional structural regulation, and provide important guidance for the design and application of cement-based structural energy storage devices.

Key words

steel slag / structural energy storage / supercapacitor / electrochemical performance

引用本文

刘睿丹, 冯攀, 袁龙, 吴跃东, 彭犇, 缪昌文. 不同电解液体系下钢渣对水泥基材料结构储能性能的影响机理. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3317 -3327 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260271

Ruidan LIU, Pan FENG, Long YUAN, Yuedong WU, Ben PENG, Changwen MIAO. Influence of Steel Slag on Structural Energy Storage Performance of Cement-Based Materials with Different Electrolyte[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3317 -3327 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260271

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3715000)
国家自然科学基金(52322806; 52478238)
江苏省科技计划(BK20222004)

参考文献

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参考文献引证文献

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2026年第54卷第10期

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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260271

接收时间：2026-04-25
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-07-24

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出版历史

收稿日期：2026-04-25
修回日期：2026-05-16

基金

国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3715000)

国家自然科学基金(52322806; 52478238)

江苏省科技计划(BK20222004)

作者信息

^1.东南大学材料科学与工程学院，重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室，江苏省土木工程材料重点实验室，南京　211189

^2.中冶建筑研究总院有限公司，钢铁工业环境保护全国重点实验室，北京　102629

通讯作者:

冯攀（1988-），女，教授

彭犇（1985-），男，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260271

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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