硅酸盐学报

Yb³⁺含量对Yb：Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响

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刘子玉 ¹^,² , 冯亚刚 ³ , 刘鹏 ¹ , 胡辰 ²^,⁴ , 刘聪聪 ¹ , 郑雯雯 ¹ , 杨现锋 ¹ , 李江 ²^,⁴

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(9): 3161-3172

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (9) : 3161 -3172

Yb³⁺含量对Yb：Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响

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刘子玉¹^,², 冯亚刚³, 刘鹏¹, 胡辰²^,⁴, 刘聪聪¹, 郑雯雯¹, 杨现锋¹, 李江²^,⁴

作者信息

^1．长沙理工大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410114

^2．中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所透明陶瓷研究中心，上海 201899

^3．河南工业大学材料科学与工程学院，郑州 450001

^4．中国科学院大学材料与光电中心，北京 100049

通讯作者:

杨现锋（1980—），男，博士，教授；

李江（1977—），男，博士，研究员。

作者简介:

刘子玉（1991—），女，博士，讲师。

Influences of Yb³⁺ Content on Microstructures and Properties of Yb∶Lu₂O₃ Transparent Ceramics

Ziyu LIU¹^,², Yagang FENG³, Peng LIU¹, Chen HU²^,⁴, Congcong LIU¹, Wenwen ZHENG¹, Xianfeng YANG¹, Jiang LI²^,⁴

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China

^2.Transparent Ceramics Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China

^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China

^4.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding Author:

YANG Xianfeng (1980-) , male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: lijiang@mail.sic.ac.cn;

LI Jiang (1977-), Male, Ph.D., Professor. yangxfcsus@csust.edu.cn

LIU Ziyu (1991-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: ziyuliu@csust.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250683

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摘要

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镱掺杂氧化镥（Yb：Lu₂O₃）透明陶瓷由于具有热导率高、抗热震性能优异、高吸收与发射截面和远低于熔点的制备温度等优势备受关注。本工作以共沉淀法合成的纳米粉体为原料，采用真空预烧结合热等静压（HIP）后处理工艺制备了不同Yb³⁺掺杂量的Yb∶Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷，系统研究了镱离子（Yb³⁺）掺杂量对粉体形貌与物相及陶瓷微观结构、光学质量、光谱特性和热学性能的影响。其中，3%（Yb³⁺的摩尔分数）Yb∶Lu₂O₃陶瓷直线透过率最佳，在1080 nm处为83.0%。不同陶瓷中Yb³⁺的吸收系数与掺杂量呈线性相关，可推断Yb³⁺基本进入了Lu₂O₃晶格；且Yb∶Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷的吸收和发射截面与单晶相当。室温下，3%和15% Yb∶Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷的热导率分别约为13.1 W·m^-1·K^-1和11.6 W·m^-1·K^-1，说明高浓度Yb³⁺掺杂的Yb∶Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷具有优良热学性能，是非常有前景的1 μm高功率固态激光增益介质。

关键词

镱掺杂氧化镥透明陶瓷 / 镱离子掺杂量 / 光学特性 / 热学性能

Abstract

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Introduction

Lutetium oxide (Lu₂O₃) transparent ceramics have a great potential in high-power or high-efficiency solid-state laser applications due to the excellent thermal-mechanical properties, low fabrication temperature, high absorption and emission cross-sections when doped with trivalent rare earth laser ions. Among them, Lu₂O₃ doped with Yb³⁺ stands out as the best combination for applications in high-efficiency and high-power lasers, considering a high thermal conductivity due to the similar ionic radii and bonding forces of lutetium and ytterbium ions. The combination of vacuum pre-sintering with HIP post-treatment, along with the powder synthesized by a co-precipitation method, highly favors to fabricate highly transparent sesquioxide ceramics. Some previous reports demonstrated the high efficiency and high power laser outputs of Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics. Thermal properties of Yb:Lu₂O₃ ceramics are significant for the high-efficiency and high-power laser applications. In ceramic gain media, the significant factors affecting the thermal conductivity include the doping content of active ions, porosity and grain size. Although increasing Yb³⁺ concentration could not cause a decrease in thermal conductivity in theory, little work has reported the related experimental investigations yet.

Methods

The commercial oxide powders (i.e., Lu₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃) were utilized as raw materials. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) and ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) were used as a precipitant and a dispersant, respectively. The precursors of Yb:Lu₂O₃ were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. All the precursors with different Yb³⁺ doping contents were calcined at 1050 ℃ to obtain Yb:Lu₂O₃ powders, which were dry-pressed at a low pressure in a steel die and then cold-isostatically pressed at 250 MPa. All the green bodies were vacuum sintered at 1500 ℃ for 2 h to fabricate pre-sintered ceramics that then were HIP post-treated in Ar atmosphere pressure of 176 MPa at 1750 ℃ for 3 h. Finally, the HIP post-treated ceramics were annealed in air at 900 ℃ for 10 h and then polished on the both sides to a thickness of 1.3 mm for the coming optical characterizations. Some annealed transparent ceramic disks were then machined to the sizes of (Φ = 10.0 mm, d = 1.3 mm) and (Φ=5.5 mm, d<1.0 mm) for measuring the thermal diffusivity and specific heat, respectively.

The phase compositions of the synthesized precursors and powders were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Cu Kα1 radiation, λ = 0.154 18 nm). The microstructures of all the powders and ceramics were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, SU8220, Hitachi, Japan). The in-line transmittance and absorption spectra of Yb∶Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics were characterized by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR, Carry-5000, Varian, USA). The thermal diffusivity was measured by a laser-flash method, and the specific heat was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Results and discussion

Pure Lu₂O₃ precursor consists of spherical particles with various sizes, which range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers in diameter, but the micro-morphology of the precursor with Yb³⁺ is made of thin stacked layers with nano-sized thickness, indicating that Yb³⁺ doping has a great impact on the morphologies of Lu₂O₃ precursor, but its concentration level does not affect the morphologies of the precursors apparently. The particles of Yb³⁺-doped nano-powders agglomerate in two-dimensional space and are in the shape of regular polyhedra. The phases of all the calcined nano-powders are consistent with those of cubic Lu₂O₃. The lattice parameters of Yb:Lu₂O₃ nano-powders are 10.384 4、10.389 4、10.390 2、10.394 9 Åand 10.396 5 Å, respectively, with increasing the Yb³⁺ concentration. The corresponding average gain sizes are 57.7, 51.9, 53.6, 61.8 and 51.4 nm, respectively. The relative densities of all the Yb:Lu₂O₃ pre-sintered ceramics are 95.3%, 96.1%, 95.6%, 95.4% and 95.7%, with average grain sizes of 0.92, 0.97, 0.99, 1.09 μm and 1.14 μm, respectively, as Yb³⁺ concentration increases. 3% Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramic sample has the maximum in-line transmittance with the values of 83.0% at 1080 nm and 78.8% at 600 nm. The absorption coefficients at 948 nm of these ceramics are linearly correlated to Yb³⁺ doping content, which follows the Lambert-Beer Law. Four main emission peaks are located at 948, 976, 1033 and 1079 nm, respectively, among which the largest emission cross-section is at 976 nm with a value of 1.148×10^-20 cm². The laser emission wavelengths include 1079 nm and 1033 nm. The maximum thermal conductivity of 3% Yb∶Lu₂O₃ ceramics is 13.1 W·m^-1·K^-1 at room temperature, which is similar to the value of Yb:Lu₂O₃ single crystal, while the thermal conductivity of 15% Yb∶Lu₂O₃ ceramics is 11.6 W·m^-1·K^-1, which is greater than that of pure YAG material. The result indicates that Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics are a gain medium with a high thermal conductivity, even doped with a high Yb³⁺ doping content, demonstrating a great application potential in high-power solid-state lasers.

Conclusions

Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics with Yb³⁺ doping content of 0-15% were fabricated by vacuum sintering and HIP post-treating from co-precipitated nano-powders. The nano-powders calcined at 1050 ℃ had the similar particle sizes with different morphologies as the precursors. 3% Yb∶Lu₂O₃ nano-powder showed a better dispersivity, and the corresponding transparent ceramics possessed the maximum optical quality with the in-line transmittance of 83% at 1080 nm. The spectral characteristics of all the Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics were calculated. At β of > 0.059, there were two main lasing emission wavelengths, peaked at 1033 nm and 1079 nm, respectively. 3% Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics possessed better thermal properties rather than others, with the room-temperature thermal conductivity of 13.1 W·m^-1·K^-1. The results indicated a great application potential of Yb:Lu₂O₃ transparent ceramics in high-power solid-state lasers.

Key words

ytterbium-doped lutetium oxide transparent ceramics / ytterbium doping content / optical characteristics / thermal properties

引用本文

刘子玉, 冯亚刚, 刘鹏, 胡辰, 刘聪聪, 郑雯雯, 杨现锋, 李江. Yb³⁺含量对Yb：Lu₂O₃透明陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3161 -3172 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250683

Ziyu LIU, Yagang FENG, Peng LIU, Chen HU, Congcong LIU, Wenwen ZHENG, Xianfeng YANG, Jiang LI. Influences of Yb³⁺ Content on Microstructures and Properties of Yb∶Lu₂O₃ Transparent Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3161 -3172 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250683

基金

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国家自然科学基金青年项目(2402142)
湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2024JJ6042)

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2026年第54卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250683

接收时间：2025-09-16
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-08-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-09-16
修回日期：2025-11-03

基金

国家自然科学基金青年项目(2402142)

湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2024JJ6042)

作者信息

^1．长沙理工大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410114

^2．中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所透明陶瓷研究中心，上海 201899

^3．河南工业大学材料科学与工程学院，郑州 450001

^4．中国科学院大学材料与光电中心，北京 100049

通讯作者:

杨现锋（1980—），男，博士，教授；

李江（1977—），男，博士，研究员。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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