硅酸盐学报

长余辉发光与力致发光纳米材料

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赵沛航 , 庄逸熙 , 解荣军

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(9): 3087-3107

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (9) : 3087 -3107

长余辉发光与力致发光纳米材料

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赵沛航, 庄逸熙, 解荣军

作者信息

厦门大学材料学院，福建厦门 361005

通讯作者:

庄逸熙（1986—），男，博士，教授。

解荣军（1969—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

赵沛航（1995—），男，博士研究生。

Persistent Luminescent and Mechanoluminescent Nanomaterials

Peihang ZHAO, Yixi ZHUANG, Rongjun XIE

Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Genome and College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

Corresponding Author:

ZHUANG Yixi (1986-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: zhuangyixi@xmu.edu.cn;

XIE Rongjun (1969-), male, Ph.D., Professor. rjxie@xmu.edu.cn

ZHAO Peihang (1995-), male, Doctorial candidate. E-mail: zhaopeihang@stu.xmu.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-08-21 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250956

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摘要

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长余辉发光与力致发光是2类无须持续原位光激发的独特发光现象，分别通过载流子在陷阱中的存储-延迟释放和机械刺激诱导的能量转换产生光信号。尽管激发方式和时间响应特性存在差异，二者在载流子的产生、捕获与去捕获等过程具有重要共性。随着纳米材料合成与缺陷调控技术的发展，长余辉发光与力致发光材料逐渐由块体和微米尺度体系向纳米尺度拓展，尺寸效应、界面效应及陷阱效应显著增强，为发光性能优化及应用拓展提供了新的机遇。本文系统综述了长余辉发光与力致发光纳米材料的研究进展，重点总结了现有研究对典型纳米化制备策略、发光机理及二者在载流子去捕获过程的理解，并概述了其在低背景噪声生物成像与生物医学、应力响应与结构健康监测、柔性器件与信息显示等领域的代表性应用。最后，对纳米尺度下性能保持与结构协同调控、发光性能定量表征以及工程化应用面临的关键挑战与发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词

长余辉发光 / 力致发光 / 可控合成 / 纳米发光材料

Abstract

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Persistent luminescence and mechanoluminescence are two distinct luminescent phenomena that do not require continuous in-situ optical excitation. They generate optical signals through the storage and delayed release of charge carriers from traps and mechanical stimulus-induced energy conversion, respectively. Different excitation mechanisms and temporal response characteristics both share fundamental similarities in the processes of carrier generation, trapping, and detrapping. Advances on nanomaterial synthesis and defect engineering enable the extension of persistent luminescent and mechanoluminescent materials from bulk and microscale systems to the nanoscale systems, where significantly enhance size, interface, and trap effects provide new opportunities for performance optimization and application expansion. This review systematically summarizes recent progress on persistent luminescent and mechanoluminescent nanomaterials, with a focus on typical nanoscale preparation strategies, luminescence mechanisms, and a unified understanding of carrier detrapping processes. Representative applications in low-background bioimaging and biomedicine, stress-responsive structural health monitoring, flexible devices, and information display are also outlined. Finally, key challenges and future trends are discussed in terms of performance preservation and structural synergy in nanoscale, quantitative characterization of luminescence properties, and engineering-oriented applications.

Summary and prospects

This review summarizes recent progress on the synthesis, mechanisms, and applications of persistent luminescent and mechanoluminescent nanomaterials. We emphasize that advances across both top-down and bottom-up routes substantially improve control over particle size, morphology, and-critically-the defect/trap structures governing carrier trapping and detrapping. We highlight a trap-centric perspective that links delayed emission in persistent luminescence with stress-assisted carrier release in mechanoluminescence via comparing the physical bases of the two phenomena. Translating these materials to the nanoscale can broad their utility, particularly for autofluorescence-free bioimaging and diagnostics, as well as self-powered, visually intuitive stress sensing and flexible optoelectronic devices. Collectively, these studies illustrate a shift from viewing luminescence as an isolated metric toward engineering integrated, stimulus-responsive nano-systems tailored to application demands.

Some key challenges remain despite a rapid development. A central limitation is the trade-off between achieving precise nanoscale structural control and preserving the deep, stable trap populations needed for strong afterglow or mechanoluminescent output. In addition, a predictive and quantitative understanding of how interfaces, surface states, and localized mechanical fields regulate carrier dynamics in nanomaterials is still lacking. For practical deployment, a long-term stability under environmental and cyclic loading, biocompatibility, and scalable yet reproducible fabrication must be addressed. Future work should involve: 1) advancing in-situ/operando characterization and computation to map trap distributions and carrier pathways, 2) developing hybrid or composite architectures that balance structural integrity with optical functionality, and 3) validating application-driven prototypes in realistic settings from deep-tissue theranostics to structural health monitoring.

Key words

persistent luminescence / mechanoluminescence / controlled synthesis / luminescent nanomaterials

引用本文

赵沛航, 庄逸熙, 解荣军. 长余辉发光与力致发光纳米材料. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3087 -3107 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250956

Peihang ZHAO, Yixi ZHUANG, Rongjun XIE. Persistent Luminescent and Mechanoluminescent Nanomaterials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3087 -3107 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250956

基金

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国家自然科学基金(12474412; 5253000021; U25B2063)
福建省自然科学基金(2023J06005)
广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515011197)

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2026年第54卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250956

接收时间：2025-12-31
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-08-21

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-12-31
修回日期：2026-01-20

基金

国家自然科学基金(12474412; 5253000021; U25B2063)

福建省自然科学基金(2023J06005)

广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515011197)

作者信息

厦门大学材料学院，福建厦门 361005

通讯作者:

庄逸熙（1986—），男，博士，教授。

解荣军（1969—），男，博士，教授。

参考文献

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250956

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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