Article(id=1320107595881362035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250584, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753891200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-31, revisedDate=1756310400000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792667777270, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1778428800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-11, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792667777270, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792667777270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792667777270, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320107562284986563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792667769261, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720485859, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328671789957452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328671789957453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2910, endPage=2919, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320107596300792436, articleId=1320107595881362035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Effects of CaO and SrO on Crystallization Behavior, Microstructure and Properties of BaO-B
2O
3-SiO
2 Glass-Ceramics, columnId=1263922769897599102, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology becomes a cornerstone in the fabrication of high-frequency, high-density microelectronic devices. However, a critical challenge lies in a thermal expansion mismatch between conventional LTCC substrates (typically <7 × 10-6 ℃-1) and printed circuit boards (PCBs, 12-16 × 10-6 ℃-1), leading to interfacial delamination and compromised reliability. To address this issue, developing LTCC materials with high and linear thermal expansion coefficients is essential. Among some potential candidates, BaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics stand out due to their tunable properties and relatively high thermal expansion. Nevertheless, achieving dense sintering at < 900 ℃, while maintaining a high thermal expansion coefficient (>11 × 10-6 ℃-1), remains a key obstacle. This study was to investigate the synergistic effects of incorporating CaO and SrO into BaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics on the sintering behavior, crystallization characteristics, and overall performance for LTCC applications.
Methods Four glass compositions were designed based on the BaO-B2O3-SiO2 system at different additions of CaO and SrO (in mole fraction), i.e., BBS1 (baseline), BBS2 (with 10% CaO), BBS3 (with 10% SrO), and BBS4 (with 5% CaO and 5% SrO). Raw materials including BaCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3, H3BO3, and SiO2 were melted at 1400 ℃ for 2 h, quenched, and ground into powders with a consistent particle size (D50 ≈ 5 μm). The powders were pressed into pellets and bars, then sintered at 800 ℃ for 20 min. The sintering behavior was analyzed by high-temperature microscopy and dilatometry. The glass transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase identification and crystallinity were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microstructural features were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal expansion, density, dielectric properties, flexural strength, and hardness were measured to assess the performance of the sintered glass-ceramics.
Results and Discussion The introduction of CaO and SrO significantly lowers the onset (Tfs) and maximum shrinkage (Tms) temperatures, with SrO having a more pronounced effect. For instance, Tfs decreases from 720 ℃ (BBS1) to 654 ℃ (BBS3), and Tms decreases from 794 ℃ to 761 ℃. This indicates enhanced sintering kinetics due to the larger ionic radius and higher polarizability of Sr2+, which facilitates atomic mobility and reduces activation energy. The results of DSC reveal that the addition of CaO and SrO also decreases Tg and Tc, with SrO again exhibiting a greater influence. The ΔT (Tc-Tg) value, which reflects the processing window for sintering, is increased in SrO-containing samples, indicating an improved sinter-ability.
The XRD patterns show that the baseline sample (BBS1) primarily crystallizes into Ba2Si4O10, while CaO addition (BBS2) promotes the formation of Ba5(Si8O21), and SrO addition (BBS3) and co-addition (BBS4) favor forming Ba2Si3O8. The crystallinity increases due to CaO and SrO incorporation, reaching a maximum of 77.76% in BBS2, indicating that CaO is more effective in promoting crystallization due to its smaller ionic radius and higher field strength, which enhances network disruption and nucleation. The Raman spectra confirm a structural transformation from [BO3] to [BO4] units, indicating a more connected and dense glass network.
The microstructural analysiss reveals that the baseline sample has a porous structure with dispersed spherical crystals. In contrast, CaO and SrO additions lead to denser microstructures with interlocked crystal morphologies. Particularly, BBS4 exhibits a uniform distribution of plate-like Ba2Si3O8 crystals and reduced porosity, contributing to its superior mechanical properties.
Thermal expansion coefficients (30-300 ℃) range from 11.52 × 10-6 ℃-1 to 12.43 × 10-6 ℃-1, with BBS4 showing a balanced value of 11.94 × 10-6 ℃-1. The slight decrease compared to the baseline is attributed to the increased [BO4] content and denser structure. The dielectric constants at 1 MHz vary between 6.51 and 7.82, with BBS3 showing the maximum value due to its high-polarizability Sr2+ and Ba2Si3O8 phase. The flexural strength and hardness are significantly improved in CaO- and SrO-modified samples, with BBS4 achieving the maximum values (i.e., 124.36 MPa and 953.88 HV). These enhancements are attributed to increased crystallinity, reduced porosity, and optimized crystal interlocking.
Conclusions This study demonstrated that the co-incorporation of CaO and SrO into BaO-B2O3-SiO2 lass-ceramics effectively modulated their sintering and crystallization behaviors, enabling dense sintering at 800 ℃. SrO played a dominant role in lowering sintering temperatures, while CaO was more effective in promoting crystallization. The synergistic effect of both oxides led to a glass-ceramic with a high thermal expansion coefficient (i.e., 11.94 × 10-6 ℃-1), excellent mechanical strength (i.e., 124.36 MPa), and favorable dielectric properties (i.e., 8.71 at 1 MHz), making it highly suitable for LTCC applications. The findings could provide a promising pathway for developing high-performance, low-temperature sintering glass-ceramics with tailored thermal and mechanical properties.
, authors=Yi YANG, Hua NA, Enxia GUO, Jinyu LV, Baojing ZHU, Bin HAN, Wei CHEN, Yanhang WANG, Bo XU, authorsList=Yi YANG, Hua NA, Enxia GUO, Jinyu LV, Baojing ZHU, Bin HAN, Wei CHEN, Yanhang WANG, Bo XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo XU, authorNote=
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2O
3-SiO
2玻璃微观结构及性能的影响, columnId=1263922770220560512, journalTitle=硅酸盐学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
随着三维高密度电子封装技术的发展，低温共烧陶瓷基板与印制电路板之间的热失配问题日益凸显。开发兼具高热膨胀系数与优异低温烧结性能的微晶玻璃材料是解决该问题的关键。基于此，本工作通过引入CaO和SrO，制备了一种可致密烧结、具有高热膨胀系数的BaO-B2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃，并研究其烧结行为、析晶特性与性能调控机理。结果表明，CaO和SrO的引入均可降低烧结起始温度（Tfs）和最大收缩温度（Tms），同时促使[BO3]向[BO4]转变，提高微晶玻璃网络结构致密化程度和结晶度，其中SrO对降低Tfs和Tms的作用更显著，CaO对结晶度的提升作用更突出。当引入等摩尔比的CaO和SrO时，样品在800 ℃烧结20 min后表现出较优的综合性能：其热膨胀系数达11.94 × 10-6 ℃-1（30~300 ℃），介电常数为8.71（1 MHz），烧结密度为3.72 g·cm-3，抗折强度为124.36 MPa。研究表明，CaO和SrO的协同作用可有效调控BaO-B2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的烧结行为及析晶特性，使其在800 ℃实现致密烧结，同时具备高热膨胀系数，可用于低温共烧陶瓷领域生瓷带的制备。
, authors=杨溢, 那华, 郭恩霞, 吕金玉, 朱宝京, 韩滨, 陈玮, 王衍行, 徐博, authorsList=杨溢, 那华, 郭恩霞, 吕金玉, 朱宝京, 韩滨, 陈玮, 王衍行, 徐博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐博, authorNote=
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徐博（1982—），男，博士，正高级工程师。
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杨溢（2001—），男，硕士研究生。
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杨溢（2001—），男，硕士研究生。
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