硅酸盐学报

水化硅酸钙/聚羧酸减水剂纳米复合材料研究进展与展望

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朱宏伟 ¹^,² , 胡传林 ¹ , 王发洲 ¹ , 胡曙光 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(8): 2765-2780

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (8) : 2765 -2780

水化硅酸钙/聚羧酸减水剂纳米复合材料研究进展与展望

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朱宏伟¹^,², 胡传林¹, 王发洲¹, 胡曙光¹

作者信息

^1．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉 430070

^2．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

胡传林（1985—），男，博士，研究员；

王发洲（1975—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

朱宏伟（1998—），男，博士研究生。

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Calcium Silicate Hydrate/Polycarboxylate Ether Nanocomposites

Hongwei ZHU¹^,², Chuanlin HU¹, Fazhou WANG¹, Shuguang HU¹

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding Author:

HU Chuanlin (1985-), male, Ph.D., Research Fellow. E-mail: chuanlin@whut.edu.cn;

WANG Fazhou (1975-), male, Ph.D., Professor. fzhwang@whut.edu.cn

ZHU Hongwei (1998-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: hongweizhu163@163.com

出版时间: 2026-05-11 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250549

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摘要

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同步实现水泥基材料力学强度提升与耐久性优化是建材行业一直以来的发展目标。水化硅酸钙/聚羧酸减水剂（C-S-H/PCE）纳米复合材料与水泥最主要水化产物C-S-H凝胶的组成和结构相似，是C-S-H凝胶的理想成核基质，展现出高效的成核作用，即能够显著加速水泥早期水化进程，在提升材料早期强度的同时改善微结构与耐久性，成为当前研究热点。本文聚焦C-S-H/PCE纳米复合材料领域，从界面结合机制和调控设计、成核作用与影响因素、协同效应及应用现状等方面系统综述其研究进展，揭示其作用机理与技术优势，并提出未来研究方向，以期为今后新型高性能纳米复合材料制备与应用及先进水泥基材料设计开发提供理论指导与实践参考。

关键词

纳米复合材料 / 设计制备 / 成核作用 / 协同效应 / 水泥水化

Abstract

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The construction industry faces a dual-challenge of achieving rapid early-age strength development in cement-based materials, while ensuring a long-term durability, which is further complicated due to the demand for reduced carbon emissions. Conventional approaches (i.e., using chloride-based accelerators or steam curing) often compromise later-age performance or incur high energy costs. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) as a primary binding phase in cement dictates the evolution of both microstructure and macroscopic properties. Consequently, controlling its early formation is a key to enhancing performance. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution, with C-S-H based nano-seeds gaining significant attention due to their compositional and structural similarity to the C-S-H gel. These seeds provide a low-energy nucleation substrate, effectively shifting the nucleation pathway from the surface of cement grains to the pore solution, thereby accelerating hydration without the negative effects associated with conventional methods.

However, the practical application of C-S-H nano-seeds is hindered by their high surface energy, leading to severe agglomeration and reduced efficiency. To overcome this, polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers are employed as dispersants. The resulting C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites combine a nucleation effect of C-S-H with a dispersing ability of PCE, forming a stable suspension that represents a significant advancement in the field. Although the existing reviews discuss C-S-H nano-seeds, a comprehensive overview dedicated specifically to the design, mechanisms, and performance of C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites and their recently developed derivatives is lacking.

This review systematically summarizes recent progress on C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites. The interaction between C-S-H and PCE is primarily governed by surface adsorption, where carboxylate groups on the PCE backbone coordinate with calcium ions on the C-S-H surface. This interaction, combined with the steric hindrance of PCE side chains, stabilizes the nanoparticles and affects the non-classical nucleation pathway of C-S-H, leading to the formation of smaller, more uniform particles.

The synthesis of these nanocomposites, typically via co-precipitation, is critically examined. Key parameters such as pH value, reactant concentration, and calcium-to-silicon ratio are identified as crucial for controlling particle size, morphology, and subsequent seeding efficiency. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the PCE dispersant (i.e., functional groups, side-chain length and density, and topology) can be tailored to optimize the nanocomposite's properties. Furthermore, novel nanocomposites incorporating aluminum, magnesium, or iron into the C-S-H structure, such as C-A-S-H/PCE and C-M-S-H/PCE, are developed. These next-generation materials demonstrate enhanced stability and superior nucleation seeding effects, paving a way for high-performance and sustainable applications.

The mechanism by which these nanocomposites accelerate cement hydration is elaborated as a dual-action. They adsorb calcium and silicate ions from the dissolving clinker, lowering the supersaturation threshold for nucleation, and they provide a multitude of low-energy sites for the precipitation of new C-S-H gel directly within the pore space. This process significantly shortens the induction period, accelerates early hydration, and leads to a more uniform and densified microstructure. Importantly, this seeding effect does not compromise a long-term strength development. Instead, it can enhance durability via refining the pore structure. The efficiency of this process is affected by both intrinsic factors (i.e., the specific surface area of the nano-seeds), and extrinsic factors (i.e., dosage, water-to-cement ratio, and curing temperature).

The synergistic effects of combining C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites with other chemical admixtures are also discussed. The combination with sodium sulfate exhibits a pronounced "1+1>2" effect in low-cement systems, where the sulfate accelerates the dissolution of supplementary cementitious materials, while the seeds provide nucleation sites for the hydration products. The similar synergistic mechanisms are analyzed with organic accelerators like triethanolamine, though a careful optimization is required to avoid negative interactions.

Finally, the application of C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites across various cementitious systems is reviewed. They prove effective in ordinary Portland cement and in blended systems with fly ash, slag, and calcined clay. Their ability to provide a high early strength without sacrificing later-age performance makes them suitable for a range of applications, including low-temperature construction, emergency repairs, non-steam-cured precast concrete, and high-volume solid-waste binders, contributing to reduced energy consumption and carbon footprint in the construction sector.

Summary and prospects

C-S-H/PCE nanocomposites represent a significant advancement over conventional accelerators, offering a synergistic approach to enhance early-age strength and durability in cement-based materials. This review systematically discusses the fundamental understanding of their synthesis, the complex interplay between C-S-H and PCE, their unique nucleation seeding mechanism, and the factors governing their performance. The development of novel metal-doped nanocomposites and the exploration of synergistic combinations with other admixtures expand their potential and effectiveness across diverse cementitious systems. These materials demonstrate clear advantages in enabling rapid strength development, improving microstructure, and facilitating sustainable construction practices with reduced clinker content. Despite these advances, several critical gaps remain. A deeper understanding of the dynamic evolution, migration, and in-situ behavior of these nanocomposites within the complex chemical environment of hydrating cement paste is urgently needed. Future research should focus on imparting multifunctionality to these materials, such as self-healing or responsive properties, to create smarter and more durable concrete. The development of cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable synthesis methods, potentially utilizing industrial by-products, is essential for widespread adoption. Leveraging advanced computational tools like molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning can be instrumental in accelerating the rational design and optimization of the next generation of these high-performance nanomaterials.

Key words

calcium silicate hydrate/polycarboxylate ether nanocomposites / synthesis and design / seeding effect / synergistic effect / cement hydration

引用本文

朱宏伟, 胡传林, 王发洲, 胡曙光. 水化硅酸钙/聚羧酸减水剂纳米复合材料研究进展与展望. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (8) : 2765 -2780 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250549

Hongwei ZHU, Chuanlin HU, Fazhou WANG, Shuguang HU. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Calcium Silicate Hydrate/Polycarboxylate Ether Nanocomposites[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (8) : 2765 -2780 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250549

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52341202; 52472033)

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2026年第54卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250549

接收时间：2025-07-13
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-05-11

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收稿日期：2025-07-13
修回日期：2025-08-10

基金

国家自然科学基金(52341202; 52472033)

作者信息

^1．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉 430070

^2．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

胡传林（1985—），男，博士，研究员；

王发洲（1975—），男，博士，教授。

参考文献

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250549

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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