硅酸盐学报

多级序构材料强化的光热界面水蒸发

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张丽娟 ¹ , 万家炜 ¹^,² , 杨乃亮 ¹^,² , 王丹 ³

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(7): 2285-2298

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (7) : 2285 -2298

多级序构材料强化的光热界面水蒸发

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张丽娟¹, 万家炜¹^,², 杨乃亮¹^,², 王丹³

作者信息

^1．中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，北京 100190

^2．中国科学院大学，北京 101408

^3．深圳大学化学与环境工程学院，广东深圳 518071

通讯作者:

杨乃亮（1984—），男，博士，研究员；

王丹（1969—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

张丽娟（1983—），女，博士，副研究员。

Enhanced Interfacial Solar Steam Generation by Multi-Level Ordered Structured Materials

Lijuan ZHANG¹, Jiawei WAN¹^,², Nailiang YANG¹^,², Dan WANG³

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

^2.Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

^3.College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong, China

Corresponding Author:

YANG Nailiang (1984-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: nlyang@ipe.ac.cn;

WANG Dan (1969-), male, Ph.D., Professor. danwang@szu.edu.cn

ZHANG Lijuan (1983-), female, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: zhanglijuan@ipe.ac.cn

出版时间: 2026-06-05 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260141

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摘要

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淡水资源短缺已成为人类社会可持续发展的关键瓶颈，光热界面水蒸发以低能耗、零碳排放、分布式应用等优势，成为海水淡化与污水处理的前沿技术。该技术的核心在于能量转换与物质传递的协同优化，而传统研究思路难以实现光、热、水传输的高效耦合。基于功能基元序构的研究范式，为新型光热界面水蒸发提供了新的材料设计思路。本文以中空多壳层结构（HoMS）为典型体系，系统综述了多级序构特征在光热界面水蒸发中的典型优势。文章阐明亚纳米功能基元、纳米颗粒、多级壳层的跨尺度递进构筑规律，揭示多级序构在强化光吸收、调控热局域化、优化毛细输运、降低水蒸发能耗等方面的优势。同时，指出当前领域在规模化制备、机械耐久性、界面污染及蒸发冷凝匹配等方面的关键挑战，并展望功能基元多元化、序构多样化及第三级次序构的发展方向，期望为新一代高效、稳定、可工程化的光热水处理材料提供理论参考与设计思路。

关键词

功能基元 / 多级序构 / 中空多壳层结构 / 光热界面水蒸发

Abstract

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The global shortage of freshwater has evolved into a fundamental bottleneck restricting sustainable socioeconomic development. Conventional desalination and wastewater remediation technologies are constrained by high energy consumption, costly infrastructure construction, and limited adaptability to scattered and remote water-deficient regions. As an emerging low-carbon water purification technology, interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) features passive solar utilization, modular structural flexibility, and broad environmental applicability, offering a viable solution for seawater desalination, saline wastewater treatment, and complex polluted water remediation. Unlike conventional evaporation processes, ISSG involves a coupled multi-physical process encompassing solar harvesting, photothermal conversion, interfacial thermal localization, multiscale water transport, and vapor migration. Its overall efficiency fundamentally relies on the synergistic optimization of energy conversion and mass transfer. However, most existing material design strategies merely focus on single-scale structural modification or simple compositional tuning, lacking cross-scale systematic design logic, and thus struggle to achieve coordinated regulation of light absorption, heat management and water transport. In this context, the material research paradigm centered on "functional unit-ordered structure" has emerged as an innovative theoretical framework. It transcends traditional reductionism, highlighting that material macroscopic properties originate from the controllable ordered assembly of basic functional units across multiple scales, rather than the simple superposition of individual component performances.

Based on this paradigm, this review systematically establishes the conceptual connotation and theoretical system of multi-level ordered materials, and clearly distinguishes them from conventional hierarchical materials. Different from hierarchical structures that only emphasize geometric nesting at various scales, multi-level ordered materials take "order" as the core design principle, focusing on the cross-scale ordered arrangement from sub-nano meter atomic domains to nano- and microscale dimensions, as well as the functional synergy generated by inter-scale correlation. Taking hollow multishelled structures (HoMS) as the typical model system, this review comprehensively elaborates the research progress and internal regulation mechanisms of multi-level ordered materials in the field of ISSG. This paper clarifies the progressive construction logic of two ordered systems: the first level refers to nanoparticles assembled from sub-nano atomic domain functional units, while the second level corresponds to HoMS self-assembled from such nanoparticles. We systematically summarize multiple photothermal conversion mechanisms of primary functional units, including localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic motifs, bandgap modulation and nonradiative relaxation in semiconductor systems, as well as defect and amorphouse-assisted photothermal regulation. Representative material systems are analyzed in depth, revealing the inherent correlation between atomic arrangement, electronic structure and photothermal behavior.

On this basis, this review further clarifies the inherent advantages of HoMS as secondary ordered structures in optical regulation, thermal management and mass transfer. Benefiting from unique temporal-spatial ordering characteristics, HoMS enables stepwise light absorption and intershell resonant scattering, effectively broadening spectral response and extending optical propagation paths. The multilayered cavity and interfacial thermal resistance network can confine heat at the evaporation interface and suppress heat dissipation into bulk water. In terms of mass transfer, cross-scale pore channels formed by nanoparticle stacking optimize capillary water supply; nanoconfinement modulates water molecular aggregation and reduces actual evaporation enthalpy; interconnected pore pathways also provide low-resistance channels for rapid vapor escape, achieving integrated optimization of water replenishment, phase transition and vapor diffusion. Beyond HoMS, this review further extends the multi-level ordered design philosophy to a wide range of photothermal materials, including biomimetic channel arrays, gradient porous aerogels, asymmetric interface evaporators and carbon-based composite frameworks, verifying the universal applicability of this design paradigm in optimizing energy conversion and mass transport. Meanwhile, the development potential of third-level macroscopic ordered structures is further explored, and the structural superiority of micro-nano units assembled into three-dimensional architectures in ambient energy capture, latent heat recycling and directional salt migration regulation is analyzed.

Summary and Prospects

At present, large-scale homogeneous fabrication of multi-level ordered structures remains challenging, and it is difficult to maintain structural integrity and ordering consistency during mass production. Long-term service performance in high-salinity, oily and complex actual water environments lacks systematic verification, and problems such as salt deposition, pore blockage and interfacial fouling easily cause performance degradation. In addition, most porous ordered materials exhibit insufficient mechanical toughness against water scouring and dry-wet cyclic aging, while the mismatch between high evaporation capacity and limited condensation efficiency has become a prominent system-level constraint. Corresponding future research directions are proposed as, advancing the diversification of functional units to construct multi-mechanism photothermal libraries; innovating diversified ordered configurations by learning from natural bionic structures; realizing controllable assembly of third-level macroscopic ordered architectures. At the same time, future studies should address engineering bottlenecks such as scalable preparation, long-term stability and mechanical durability, and fully exploit photothermally induced kinetic enhancement effects to expand application scenarios in high-salinity wastewater, oily sewage, sludge dehydration and radioactive water purification. This review systematically clarifies the regulation mechanism of multi-level ordered structures in energy conversion and mass transport, summarizes existing challenges and future development paths, and provides solid theoretical support and rational design guidance for the development of high-efficiency, stable and engineerable photothermal evaporation materials and decentralized water resource allocation systems.

Key words

functional unit / multi-level ordered structure / hollow multishelled structure / interfacial solar steam generation

引用本文

张丽娟, 万家炜, 杨乃亮, 王丹. 多级序构材料强化的光热界面水蒸发. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (7) : 2285 -2298 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260141

Lijuan ZHANG, Jiawei WAN, Nailiang YANG, Dan WANG. Enhanced Interfacial Solar Steam Generation by Multi-Level Ordered Structured Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (7) : 2285 -2298 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260141

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(92163209; 52572118; 22293043)
深圳大学2035追求卓越研究计划B(2024B005)

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2026年第54卷第7期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260141

接收时间：2026-03-13
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-06-05

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出版历史

收稿日期：2026-03-13
修回日期：2026-05-06

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(92163209; 52572118; 22293043)

深圳大学2035追求卓越研究计划B(2024B005)

作者信息

^1．中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，北京 100190

^2．中国科学院大学，北京 101408

^3．深圳大学化学与环境工程学院，广东深圳 518071

通讯作者:

杨乃亮（1984—），男，博士，研究员；

王丹（1969—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260141

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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