硅酸盐学报

功能基元序构制备高性能类碳材料的研究进展

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顾士甲 ¹^,² , 曹响 ¹^,² , 孙金阳 ¹^,² , 王君卓 ¹^,² , 陆晓芳 ¹^,² , 李建林 ³ , 王连军 ¹^,² , 江莞 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(7): 2237-2248

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (7) : 2237 -2248

功能基元序构制备高性能类碳材料的研究进展

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顾士甲¹^,², 曹响¹^,², 孙金阳¹^,², 王君卓¹^,², 陆晓芳¹^,², 李建林³, 王连军¹^,², 江莞¹^,²

作者信息

^1．东华大学先进纤维材料全国重点实验室，上海 201620

^2．东华大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 201620

^3．海南大学材料科学与工程学院，海口 570228

通讯作者:

江莞（1961—），男，博士，教授；

陆晓芳（1989—），女，博士，讲师。

作者简介:

顾士甲（1986—），男，博士，副教授；

曹响（2002—），男，硕士研究生。

Research Progress on Preparation of High-Performance Carbon-Like Materials Based on Functional Units Ordering Strategy

Shijia GU¹^,², Xiang CAO¹^,², Jinyang SUN¹^,², Junzhuo WANG¹^,², Xiaofang LU¹^,², Jianlin LI³, Lianjun WANG¹^,², Wan JIANG¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

^2.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Corresponding Author:

JIANG Wan (1961-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: wanjiang@dhu.edu.cn;

LU Xiaofang (1989-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer. xflu@dhu.edu.cn

GU Shijia (1986-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: gusj@dhu.edu.cn;

CAO Xiang (2002-), male, Master candidate. 18379607829@163.com

出版时间: 2026-06-02 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260105

文章导航

摘要

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传统石墨与六方氮化硼材料等难烧结类碳材料存在制备工艺周期长、能耗高、性能提升受限等问题。功能基元序构策略通过将具有特定功能的基元在跨尺度上进行有序组装与结构调控，为突破上述瓶颈提供了新范式。本文系统综述了基于该策略制备高性能类碳材料（石墨、六方氮化硼陶瓷及其复合材料等）的最新研究进展。文章首先阐述了功能基元序构的核心设计理念，然后按照序构方式（如均匀分散序构、层状转角序构、一维序构、“榫卯结构”序构）进行分类阐述，分析了不同策略下材料的微观结构演变和性能增强机制，重点总结了洋葱碳、洋葱氮化硼等特征功能基元在提升材料力学性能等方面中的作用；最后，对该制备策略未来发展的趋势进行了展望。

关键词

类碳材料 / 功能基元序构 / 力学性能 / 新范式

Abstract

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Conventional carbon materials such as graphite and hexagonal boron nitride, as well as other difficult-to-sinter carbon-based materials, suffer from some challenges such as lengthy preparation processes and high energy consumption. The existing strategy of assembling and structurally regulating functional building blocks across scales leads to significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of these materials.

In the preparation of high-performance hexagonal boron nitride ceramics, using onion boron nitride (oBN) as functional building blocks, cubic boron nitride (cBN) is introduced and transformed into oBN during the sintering process. The volume expansion associated with this phase transformation promotes densification, resulting in high-strength hexagonal boron nitride (HSHBN) with improved mechanical properties. Also, BN plastic ceramics are fabricated by a twisted architecture approach with nano-oBN as a raw material. The ceramics composed of twisted nanosheets are formed via spark plasma sintering (SPS), achieving a fracture strain of up to 14% and a compressive strength of 626 MPa, and demonstrating the superior plastic deformation capacity and impact resistance.

In the preparation of graphite materials, high-strength graphite is fabricated through a uniformly dispersed architecture via mixing nano-diamond (ND) with natural graphite. After sintering, ND is converted into onion carbon (OC), forming a "nano-scar" structure that significantly enhances mechanical properties, with flexural strength of > 90 MPa. In a one-dimensional functional building block architecture, ND is introduced into polyacrylonitrile fibers via electrospinning, forming a one-dimensional nanofiber-reinforced structure that further increases flexural strength to 145 MPa. The strengthening mechanisms include crack deflection and bridging effects. Furthermore, a mortise-and-tenon structure architecture is employed to fabricate carbon-carbon composites via introducing ND into carbon fiber cloth, which transforms into an OC "mortise-and-tenon" structure after sintering. This significantly improves interlaminar bonding, achieving a flexural strength of 1206.5 MPa.

Summary and prospects

The strategy of "functional building block architecture" has a promising potential in the preparation of high-performance carbon-like materials (such as graphite, boron nitride, and their composites). High-performance carbon-like materials are successfully fabricated via architecting various functional building blocks (such as onion carbon and onion boron nitride), achieving substantial improvements in the performance. This strategy provides an effective pathway for the development of next-generation high-performance carbon-like materials. The functional building block architecture strategy offers a novel paradigm for tailoring the properties of carbon-like materials, exhibiting broad prospects for development. Future research should involve: 1) the synergistic architecture of multiple types of functional building blocks to achieve multifunctional integrated material design; 2) combining computational simulations with artificial intelligence for high-throughput screening and optimization of functional building block combinations and architecture methods; 3) extending the application of this strategy to more extreme service conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and irradiation environments; and 4) advancing the controllable preparation and large-scale application of architected materials to promote the engineering application of carbon-like materials in high-tech fields such as aerospace, electronic devices, and nuclear energy.

Key words

carbon-like material / functional units ordering / mechanical properties / new paradigm

引用本文

顾士甲, 曹响, 孙金阳, 王君卓, 陆晓芳, 李建林, 王连军, 江莞. 功能基元序构制备高性能类碳材料的研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (7) : 2237 -2248 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260105

Shijia GU, Xiang CAO, Jinyang SUN, Junzhuo WANG, Xiaofang LU, Jianlin LI, Lianjun WANG, Wan JIANG. Research Progress on Preparation of High-Performance Carbon-Like Materials Based on Functional Units Ordering Strategy[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (7) : 2237 -2248 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260105

基金

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国家自然科学基金(91963204)
上海市自然科学基金(24ZR1400800)
上海市“科技创新行动计划”启明星项目（扬帆专项）(23YF1400200)

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排序方式：

2026年第54卷第7期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260105

接收时间：2026-03-03
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-06-02

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出版历史

收稿日期：2026-03-03
修回日期：2026-03-31

基金

国家自然科学基金(91963204)

上海市自然科学基金(24ZR1400800)

上海市“科技创新行动计划”启明星项目（扬帆专项）(23YF1400200)

作者信息

^1．东华大学先进纤维材料全国重点实验室，上海 201620

^2．东华大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 201620

^3．海南大学材料科学与工程学院，海口 570228

通讯作者:

江莞（1961—），男，博士，教授；

陆晓芳（1989—），女，博士，讲师。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260105

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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