Article(id=1320099045989794660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320099031116792469, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240447, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720022400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-04, revisedDate=1722528000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792665738818, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792665738818, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792665738818, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792665738818, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320099031116792469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2024', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='3663', pageEnd='3904', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1734624000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792665735272, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792666214857, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320101042704994698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320099031116792469, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320101042704994699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320099031116792469, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3896, endPage=3904, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320099046237258597, articleId=1320099045989794660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Aerogels Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition, columnId=1263922772401635899, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aerogel is a kind of highly dispersed solid material with extremely low density, in which nano-scale particles aggregate to form a nanoporous network structure with a gaseous dispersed medium in the voids. This material has some superior characteristics such as high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity, having broad application prospects in aerospace, building insulation, energy, environmental protection and other fields.

However, gelation process as a conventional preparation process of aerogel is mostly carried out in a liquid phase. The complex solvent replacement or sophisticated supercritical drying equipment is needed to avoid the influence of surface tension in the gel drying process, resulting in harsh preparation conditions, high cost, and cumbersome preparation process, and restricting the large-scale application of the aerogel in a certain extent.

The direct construction of aerogel nanoskeleton in vapor phase environment by chemical vapor deposition process can avoid the drying stage, which can greatly simplify the process and reduce its cost. Also, the aerogel prepared by chemical vapor deposition process has good mechanical properties, and the vapor phase process is suitable for the preparation of some aerogels with a special structure. This review represents the latest research progress on the chemical vapor deposition processes for preparation of aerogels (i.e., template-less chemical vapor deposition and template-assisted chemical vapor deposition). In addition, the future research direction is also prospected.

Summary and Prospects

This review summarizes recent research progress on the preparation of aerogels by chemical vapor deposition. The template-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method of the aerogel preparation can produce carbon material aerogels and multifunctional silicon carbide nanowire aerogels with superior performances for several hours. The template-assisted CVD method can customize the microstructure of the aerogel according to the template in order to achieve some special functions (i.e., superelasticity, negative Poisson's ratio, etc.). The chemical vapor deposition process for the preparation of aerogel can completely avoid the influence of surface tension during the drying process and the preparation process is more efficient due to the absence of liquid phase, compared with the traditional aerogel liquid-phase preparation process. The existing research in the related field is not sufficient due to the presence of some problems. Some possible aspects of subsequent research include:

1) To further simplify the process. The template-assisted chemical vapor deposition method in the chemical vapor deposition preparation process for aerogels usually requires the specialized preparation of templates with aerogel structures, which increases the complexity of the process and is not conducive to large-scale production. Industrially produced fumed silica or fumed alumina has a structure similar to that of an aerogel, and the use of fumed silica or fumed alumina as a template to grow the desired material on its nano-skeleton is expected to reduce the cost of preparation of partial oxide aerogels.

2) To develop a chemical vapor deposition preparation process for aerogels with milder conditions. At present, the reaction temperature is mostly more than 1 000 ℃ when using chemical vapor deposition to prepare aerogels. The reaction conditions become milder and the requirements of equipment reduce through the introduction of catalysts and other methods, which is an important research aspect for the future development of chemical vapor deposition process of aerogel.

3) To broaden the scope of application of the material type of aerogel chemical vapor deposition process. From the existing reports, the chemical vapor deposition process can be used for the preparation of some aerogel types (i.e., mainly carbon materials, carbides, borides and other aerogels). The reaction mechanism of the aerogel chemical vapor deposition preparation process needs to be further investigated. The chemical vapor deposition process can be used to prepare oxide aerogels (i.e., silica and alumina) via utilizing the advantages of the chemical vapor deposition process (i.e., short cycle time and no drying).

, authors=Kongli ZHAO, Zhengyang SUN, Junzong FENG, Yonggang JIANG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG, authorsList=Kongli ZHAO, Zhengyang SUN, Junzong FENG, Yonggang JIANG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junzong FENG, authorNote=

ZHAO Kongli (2000-), male, Master candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
FENG Junzong (1983-), male, Ph.D., Associated Professor. E-mail:
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气凝胶是一种具有低密度、高比表面积、低热导率等优异特性的纳米多孔材料,在诸多领域应用广泛。但气凝胶传统制备工艺中凝胶化过程多在液相中进行,凝胶干燥过程中为了避免受到表面张力的影响需要进行复杂的溶剂置换或使用专业的超临界干燥设备,制备条件较为苛刻成本较高、制备工艺较为繁琐,在一定程度上限制了其规模化应用,而通过化学气相沉积工艺在气相环境中直接构造气凝胶纳米骨架可避免干燥步骤,从而可大幅简化工艺流程并有可能降低其成本。同时,采用化学气相沉积工艺制备的气凝胶具有良好力学性能并且此工艺更加适用于制备某些特殊结构的气凝胶。本文对气凝胶的化学气相沉积制备工艺包括无模板化学气相沉积法和模板辅助化学气相沉积法的最新研究进展进行了介绍,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

, authors=赵孔俐, 孙正阳, 冯军宗, 姜勇刚, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚, authorsList=赵孔俐, 孙正阳, 冯军宗, 姜勇刚, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冯军宗, authorNote=

赵孔俐(2000—),男,硕士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
冯军宗(1983—),男,博士,副研究员。
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化学气相沉积制备气凝胶研究进展
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赵孔俐 , 孙正阳 , 冯军宗 , 姜勇刚 , 李良军 , 胡艺洁 , 冯坚
硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2024,52(12): 3896-3904
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化学气相沉积制备气凝胶研究进展
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赵孔俐 , 孙正阳, 冯军宗 , 姜勇刚, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚
作者信息
  • 国防科技大学空天科学学院,新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙 410073
通讯作者:
冯军宗(1983—),男,博士,副研究员。
作者简介:

赵孔俐(2000—),男,硕士研究生。

Research Progress on Aerogels Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Kongli ZHAO , Zhengyang SUN, Junzong FENG , Yonggang JIANG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG
Affiliations
  • Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    FENG Junzong (1983-), male, Ph.D., Associated Professor. E-mail:

    ZHAO Kongli (2000-), male, Master candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240447
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气凝胶是一种具有低密度、高比表面积、低热导率等优异特性的纳米多孔材料,在诸多领域应用广泛。但气凝胶传统制备工艺中凝胶化过程多在液相中进行,凝胶干燥过程中为了避免受到表面张力的影响需要进行复杂的溶剂置换或使用专业的超临界干燥设备,制备条件较为苛刻成本较高、制备工艺较为繁琐,在一定程度上限制了其规模化应用,而通过化学气相沉积工艺在气相环境中直接构造气凝胶纳米骨架可避免干燥步骤,从而可大幅简化工艺流程并有可能降低其成本。同时,采用化学气相沉积工艺制备的气凝胶具有良好力学性能并且此工艺更加适用于制备某些特殊结构的气凝胶。本文对气凝胶的化学气相沉积制备工艺包括无模板化学气相沉积法和模板辅助化学气相沉积法的最新研究进展进行了介绍,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

气凝胶  /  化学气相沉积  /  模板法  /  制备工艺

Aerogel is a kind of highly dispersed solid material with extremely low density, in which nano-scale particles aggregate to form a nanoporous network structure with a gaseous dispersed medium in the voids. This material has some superior characteristics such as high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity, having broad application prospects in aerospace, building insulation, energy, environmental protection and other fields.

However, gelation process as a conventional preparation process of aerogel is mostly carried out in a liquid phase. The complex solvent replacement or sophisticated supercritical drying equipment is needed to avoid the influence of surface tension in the gel drying process, resulting in harsh preparation conditions, high cost, and cumbersome preparation process, and restricting the large-scale application of the aerogel in a certain extent.

The direct construction of aerogel nanoskeleton in vapor phase environment by chemical vapor deposition process can avoid the drying stage, which can greatly simplify the process and reduce its cost. Also, the aerogel prepared by chemical vapor deposition process has good mechanical properties, and the vapor phase process is suitable for the preparation of some aerogels with a special structure. This review represents the latest research progress on the chemical vapor deposition processes for preparation of aerogels (i.e., template-less chemical vapor deposition and template-assisted chemical vapor deposition). In addition, the future research direction is also prospected.

Summary and Prospects

This review summarizes recent research progress on the preparation of aerogels by chemical vapor deposition. The template-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method of the aerogel preparation can produce carbon material aerogels and multifunctional silicon carbide nanowire aerogels with superior performances for several hours. The template-assisted CVD method can customize the microstructure of the aerogel according to the template in order to achieve some special functions (i.e., superelasticity, negative Poisson's ratio, etc.). The chemical vapor deposition process for the preparation of aerogel can completely avoid the influence of surface tension during the drying process and the preparation process is more efficient due to the absence of liquid phase, compared with the traditional aerogel liquid-phase preparation process. The existing research in the related field is not sufficient due to the presence of some problems. Some possible aspects of subsequent research include:

1) To further simplify the process. The template-assisted chemical vapor deposition method in the chemical vapor deposition preparation process for aerogels usually requires the specialized preparation of templates with aerogel structures, which increases the complexity of the process and is not conducive to large-scale production. Industrially produced fumed silica or fumed alumina has a structure similar to that of an aerogel, and the use of fumed silica or fumed alumina as a template to grow the desired material on its nano-skeleton is expected to reduce the cost of preparation of partial oxide aerogels.

2) To develop a chemical vapor deposition preparation process for aerogels with milder conditions. At present, the reaction temperature is mostly more than 1 000 ℃ when using chemical vapor deposition to prepare aerogels. The reaction conditions become milder and the requirements of equipment reduce through the introduction of catalysts and other methods, which is an important research aspect for the future development of chemical vapor deposition process of aerogel.

3) To broaden the scope of application of the material type of aerogel chemical vapor deposition process. From the existing reports, the chemical vapor deposition process can be used for the preparation of some aerogel types (i.e., mainly carbon materials, carbides, borides and other aerogels). The reaction mechanism of the aerogel chemical vapor deposition preparation process needs to be further investigated. The chemical vapor deposition process can be used to prepare oxide aerogels (i.e., silica and alumina) via utilizing the advantages of the chemical vapor deposition process (i.e., short cycle time and no drying).

aerogel  /  chemical vapor deposition  /  template method  /  preparation process
赵孔俐, 孙正阳, 冯军宗, 姜勇刚, 李良军, 胡艺洁, 冯坚. 化学气相沉积制备气凝胶研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2024 , 52 (12) : 3896 -3904 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240447
Kongli ZHAO, Zhengyang SUN, Junzong FENG, Yonggang JIANG, Liangjun LI, Yijie HU, Jian FENG. Research Progress on Aerogels Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024 , 52 (12) : 3896 -3904 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240447
  • 国家自然科学基金(52302127)
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2024年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240447
  • 接收时间:2024-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2024-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
  • 修回日期:2024-08-02
基金
国家自然科学基金(52302127)
作者信息
    国防科技大学空天科学学院,新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙 410073

通讯作者:

冯军宗(1983—),男,博士,副研究员。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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