硅酸盐学报

聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料研究进展

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江天兴 ¹ , 周天赐 ¹ , 文青波 ¹ , 余兆菊 ²^,³ , 熊翔 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 聚合物先驱体陶瓷专题—综合评述 2024,52(9): 2827-2846

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硅酸盐学报 |聚合物先驱体陶瓷专题—综合评述 2024 , 52 (9) : 2827 -2846

聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料研究进展

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江天兴¹, 周天赐¹, 文青波¹, 余兆菊²^,³, 熊翔¹

作者信息

^1．中南大学，粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙 410000

^2．厦门大学，高性能陶瓷纤维教育部重点实验室，福建厦门 361005

^3．厦门大学材料学院，厦门市电子陶瓷材料与元器件重点实验室，福建厦门 361005

通讯作者:

文青波（1987—），男，博士，教授；

余兆菊（1976—），女，博士，教授。

作者简介:

江天兴（1995—），男，博士研究生。

Research Progress in Polymer Derived Ceramics Conversion Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics and Composite Materials

Tianxing JIANG¹, Tianci ZHOU¹, Qingbo WEN¹, Zhaoju YU²^,³, Xiang XIONG¹

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China

^2.Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramic Fiber, Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

^3.College Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Components, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

Corresponding Author:

WEN Qingbo (1987-), male, Ph.D., Professor; E-mail: wentsingbo@csu.edu.cn;

YU Zhaoju (1976-), female, Ph.D., Professor. zhaojuyu@xmu.edu.cn

JIANG Tianxing (1995-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 1258295612@qq.com

出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156

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摘要

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超高温陶瓷是一类可承受超高音速长时间、跨大气层飞行和再入等过程所面临的极端服役环境的新型防热材料。目前，超高温陶瓷趋向于多元化和多相化发展，并通过与纤维等复合形成超高温陶瓷基复合材料。本文总结了聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的研究现状，从聚合物先驱体陶瓷的发展历程、超高温陶瓷简介、聚合物先驱体法制备超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的制备方法、表征手段和材料性能等方面综述了近年来国内外的研究进展，并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词

聚合物先驱体陶瓷 / 超高温陶瓷 / 复合材料 / 氧化烧蚀 / 热防护

Abstract

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Ultra-high temperature ceramics are a new type of heat-resistant materials that could withstand extreme service environments such as long periods of ultra-high sound speeds, atmospheric flight, and re-entry. It usually refers to advanced ceramics with a melting point above 3 000 ℃ and the ability to resist ablation in an oxidizing atmosphere above 2 000 ℃, mainly including carbides, nitrides, and borides of transition metals in the IVB and VB groups. As thermal protection materials used in extreme environments, single-phase ultra-high temperature ceramics exhibit extremely poor antioxidant performance in extreme environments. In this paper, the development of ultra-high temperature ceramics is moved towards diversification and multiphase, and ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites are formed by compounding with fibers and other materials.

Polymer conversion methods mainly include two types: the first type is metal hybrid polymer method, which use alcohol oxides (such as alcohol organic compounds, acetate, acetylacetone, salicylic acid, etc.) to modify and obtain polymer precursors with M (Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, etc.) and O acted as the main chains; The second type is the metal organic polymer method, which choose alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl ligands to realize the chemically modified organic metal compounds (such as metallocene compounds, methylamine metal compounds, etc.) to obtain polymer precursors containing M and C or B bonds. With the diversification and multiphase development of ultra-high temperature ceramics, the multi-component nanocomposite ceramics obtained by reacting metal with polycarbosilane, polysilazane, polyborosilicate, etc. were significantly better than those obtained by traditional ultra-high temperature ceramics. The polymer conversion ultra-high temperature ceramic technology could realize the control of the composition, microstructure, properties, etc., which could exhibit a revolutionary significance in the preparation of structure function integrated ceramics.

Summary and prospects

The preparing process of ceramics and composites via PDCs becomes more and more sophisticated. The oxygen-containing system requires a carbon thermal reduction process to obtain ultra-high temperature ceramics, resulting in a lower yield of ultra-high temperature ceramics with more pores and cracks, which leads to excessive PIP times, long densification time, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the development of oxygen free ultra-high temperature ceramic precursors is one of the important direction for the future development. Moreover, compared to single-phase ultra-high temperature ceramics, diversified and multiphase ultra-high temperature ceramics exhibite superior performance. Therefore, the development of precursors that could achieve a diversified ultra-high temperature multiphase ceramics was also an important direction to develop in the future. Polymer precursors can also be used in new application fields such as preparing ultra-high temperature thermal protective coatings, ultra-high temperature binders, and ultra-high temperature ceramic fibers. Polymer precursors would have extremely wide applications in the future.

Key words

polymer precursor ceramics / ultra-high temperature ceramics / composite materials / oxidative erosion / thermal protection

引用本文

江天兴, 周天赐, 文青波, 余兆菊, 熊翔. 聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2024 , 52 (9) : 2827 -2846 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156

Tianxing JIANG, Tianci ZHOU, Qingbo WEN, Zhaoju YU, Xiang XIONG. Research Progress in Polymer Derived Ceramics Conversion Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics and Composite Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024 , 52 (9) : 2827 -2846 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(52108205)

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2024年第52卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156

接收时间：2024-02-28
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2024-09-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-02-28
修回日期：2024-03-20

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(52108205)

作者信息

^1．中南大学，粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙 410000

^2．厦门大学，高性能陶瓷纤维教育部重点实验室，福建厦门 361005

^3．厦门大学材料学院，厦门市电子陶瓷材料与元器件重点实验室，福建厦门 361005

通讯作者:

文青波（1987—），男，博士，教授；

余兆菊（1976—），女，博士，教授。

参考文献

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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