硅酸盐学报

数字光处理成形PZT压电多孔陶瓷及其水声探测性能

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王传民 ¹ , 马伟刚 ¹ , 张子璇 ² , 邓润泽 ¹ , 蒋燎 ¹ , 刘天阳 ³ , 王新平 ³ , 闫春泽 ¹ , 谭划 ¹ , 张海波 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(6): 2017-2026

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (6) : 2017 -2026

数字光处理成形PZT压电多孔陶瓷及其水声探测性能

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王传民¹, 马伟刚¹, 张子璇², 邓润泽¹, 蒋燎¹, 刘天阳³, 王新平³, 闫春泽¹, 谭划¹, 张海波¹

作者信息

^1．华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院，华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室，武汉 430074

^2．华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院，武汉 430030

^3．中船重工海声科技有限公司，湖北宜昌 443000

通讯作者:

谭划（1990—），男，博士，研究员；

张海波（1979—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

王传民（2001—），男，博士研究生。

Digital Light Processing PZT Piezoelectric Porous Ceramics and Their Hydroacoustic Detection Performance

Chuanmin WANG¹, Weigang MA¹, Zixuan ZHANG², Runze DENG¹, Liao JIANG¹, Tianyang LIU³, Xinping WANG³, Chunze YAN¹, Hua TAN¹, Haibo ZHANG¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

^2.School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

^3.CSIC Haisheng Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, Hubei, China

Corresponding Author:

TAN Hua (1990-), male, Ph.D., Researcher. E-mail: hua_tan@hust.edu.cn;

ZHANG Haibo (1979-), male, Ph.D., Professor. hbzhang@hust.edu.cn

WANG Chuanmin (2001-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 1967817852@qq.com

出版时间: 2026-05-12 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250954

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摘要

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在压电陶瓷中构筑多孔结构可以显著降低表观介电常数，从而获得高的压电电压常数，在压电能量收集、压电传感器等领域有着广阔的应用前景。针对随机孔隙压电多孔陶瓷压电常数d₃₃降低明显、一致性差的问题，采用数字光处理3D打印技术制备了具有三周期极小曲面特征的Gyroid结构PZT压电多孔陶瓷。研究了孔隙率对多孔陶瓷介电、铁电及压电性能的影响。结果表明，在Gyroid结构中随着孔隙率的增加多孔陶瓷的介电和极化强度都明显降低，而压电常数和应变则基本保持稳定，因而实现了更高的压电电压常数。当孔隙率为70%时，Gyroid结构多孔陶瓷的d₃₃、相对介电常数和压电电压常数分别为568 pC/N、621、103.4 （mV·m）/N。具有高压电电压常数的Gyroid结构多孔陶瓷在压电水听器中的应用使其表现出了良好的接收灵敏度，相比标准水听器提高了21.1 dB。

关键词

数字光处理 / 三周期极小曲面 / 锆钛酸铅 / 多孔陶瓷 / 水听器

Abstract

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Introduction

Piezoelectric ceramics like PZT are essential for energy harvesting and sensing, yet conventional bulk materials face limitations. Introducing ceramics with a porosity decouples the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) from the dielectric constant, significantly enhancing the piezoelectric voltage constant (g₃₃) and hydrostatic figure of merit (g_h) for hydrophone applications. However, conventional fabrication methods, such as pore-forming agent burnout, result in random, irregular pores that cause uneven polarization, mechanical instability, and performance degradation. Digital light processing (DLP) offers an effective solution of enabling the precise fabrication of complex geometries. This study was to utilize DLP to construct the Gyroid-structured porous PZT ceramics based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). These structures could provide superior connectivity and mechanical stability, compared to random pores. The study was to investigate the influence of porosity on electro-mechanical properties and validate the material application in high-sensitivity piezoelectric hydrophones.

Methods

A photosensitive ceramic slurry was prepared via mixing PZT-5H powder with oligomers (HDDA, TMPTA) and photoinitiators. Gyroid-structured green bodies with the porosities ranging from 55% to 70% were fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) and subsequently sintered at 1200 ℃. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties were measured based on standard analysis. For application testing, the piezoelectric hydrophones were assembled. The influence of encapsulation was evaluated via comparing surface sealing against complete epoxy filling. The hydroacoustic performance, including open-circuit output voltage, receiving sensitivity, and directivity, was tested in an anechoic tank by a comparison method against a standard hydrophone (GF-197) at 100-500 kHz.

Results and discussion

The DLP-fabricated ceramics accurately reproduce the Gyroid designs. As a porosity increases to 70%, the relative dielectric constant and polarization decrease linearly due to the reduced ceramic volume. However, the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) remains remarkably stable (i.e., 568 pC/N) rather than degrading, attributed to the Gyroid structure's uniform stress distribution and effective polarization. The sample with a porosity of 70% achieves an exceptional piezoelectric voltage constant (g₃₃) of 103.4 (mV·m)/N. In hydrophone assembly, a surface sealing preserves the electromechanical performance, whereas a complete filling significantly reduces d₃₃ due to the clamping effects. The resulting porous hydrophone demonstrates a maximum receiving sensitivity of -196.9 dB at 150 kHz, outperforming a standard hydrophone by 21.1 dB. Also, it exhibits a tunable directivity, with beam width narrowing as frequency increases, validating its suitability for high-sensitivity detection.

Conclusions

This study indicated that fabricating Gyroid-structured PZT ceramics via DLP could be an effective strategy to enhance piezoelectric performance. The unique topology of the Gyroid structure ensured that the electrical connectivity of the ceramic phase remained stable as porosity increased, maintaining consistent local electric fields and enabling full polarization. This structural advantage resulted in a stable d₃₃ (568 pC/N) even at a porosity of 70%, leading to a drastically improved piezoelectric voltage constant (g₃₃) of 103.4 mV·m/N, compared to random porous ceramics. The practical application demonstrated that a porous hydrophone achieved a receiving sensitivity of -196.9 dB to 21.1 dB. These findings could highlight a promising potential of TPMS-structured porous ceramics in overcoming the limitations of conventional materials for advanced hydroacoustic sensing.

Key words

digital light processing / triply periodic minimal surface / lead zirconate titanate / porous ceramics / hydrophone

引用本文

王传民, 马伟刚, 张子璇, 邓润泽, 蒋燎, 刘天阳, 王新平, 闫春泽, 谭划, 张海波. 数字光处理成形PZT压电多孔陶瓷及其水声探测性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (6) : 2017 -2026 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250954

Chuanmin WANG, Weigang MA, Zixuan ZHANG, Runze DENG, Liao JIANG, Tianyang LIU, Xinping WANG, Chunze YAN, Hua TAN, Haibo ZHANG. Digital Light Processing PZT Piezoelectric Porous Ceramics and Their Hydroacoustic Detection Performance[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (6) : 2017 -2026 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250954

基金

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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52372109)

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2026年第54卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250954

接收时间：2025-12-31
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-05-12

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-12-31
修回日期：2026-01-13

基金

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52372109)

作者信息

^1．华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院，华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室，武汉 430074

^2．华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院，武汉 430030

^3．中船重工海声科技有限公司，湖北宜昌 443000

通讯作者:

谭划（1990—），男，博士，研究员；

张海波（1979—），男，博士，教授。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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