硅酸盐学报

预应力增强陶瓷的设计制备方法与影响机制研究进展

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包亦望 ¹^,² , 李月明 ³ , 万德田 ¹^,² , 李海燕 ¹^,² , 张小娜 ³ , 付帅 ¹^,² , 孙熠 ³ , 李恺 ³

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2025,53(2): 437-450

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2025 , 53 (2) : 437 -450

预应力增强陶瓷的设计制备方法与影响机制研究进展

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包亦望¹^,², 李月明³, 万德田¹^,², 李海燕¹^,², 张小娜³, 付帅¹^,², 孙熠³, 李恺³

作者信息

^1．绿色建材国家重点实验室，中国建筑材料科学研究总院，北京 100024

^2．中国国检测试控股集团股份有限公司，北京 100024

^3．景德镇陶瓷大学，江西景德镇 333000

作者简介:

包亦望（1957—），男，博士，教授。

Research Progress on Design, Preparation and Influential Mechanism of Prestressed Ceramics

Yiwang BAO¹^,², Yueming LI³, Detian WAN¹^,², Haiyan LI¹^,², Xiaona ZHANG³, Shuai FU¹^,², Yi SUN³, Kai LI³

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China

^2.China Testing & Certification International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China

^3.Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, Jiangxi, China

BAO Yiwang (1957-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: ywbao@ctc.ac.cn

出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240610

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摘要

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表层压应力可以大幅度提高脆性材料的弯曲强度和抗冲击性能，如预应力混凝土和钢化玻璃。但如何实现陶瓷表面的预设压应力是预应力陶瓷研究的核心和关键。本文介绍最新发展的陶瓷表层压应力形成的2种方式，即表面涂层法和表面挤压法。对于先进陶瓷和传统陶瓷，均可采用预应力增强来大幅度提高陶瓷构件的强度和耐久性。对于氧化物先进陶瓷，预应力增强可使弯曲强度提高40%~50%，而对于传统陶瓷，强度可以提高1倍左右。涂层法影响表层预应力的主要因素是涂层与基体材料的膨胀系数比值、弹性模量比值以及截面积比值。表层挤压法的主要影响因素是离子交换的温度和时间。另外，通过混合涂层法试验实现了氧化铝陶瓷基板的强度和导热性同步提升的结构功能一体化，显示了预应力陶瓷的巨大潜力。

关键词

预应力陶瓷 / 表面涂层法 / 表面挤压法 / 高强度 / 高耐久性

Abstract

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It is well known that the compressive stress in surface layer can significantly improve the flexural strength and impact resistance of brittle materials, such as prestressed concrete and tempered glass. For the past century, many prestressed concrete and tempered glass have been manufactured successfully and widely used in various fields. However, little progress has been made for ceramic materials because of the high melting temperature and the intrinsic brittleness of ceramics. How to achieve the preset compressive stress on the ceramic surface is the key issue for prestressed ceramic research. This work introduces two ways for the formation of compressive stress on ceramic surface, namely surface coating method and surface extrusion method. Both advanced ceramics and traditional ceramics can use prestressing reinforcement to significantly improve the strength and durability of ceramic components. For advanced oxide ceramics, prestressing can increase the flexural strength by 40%-50%, while for traditional ceramics, the strength can be doubled. In addition, the structural-functional integration of the alumina ceramic substrate was achieved, i.e. both the strength and thermal conductivity of alumina sample were improved through the mixed coating. Besides, prestress strengthening method was applied to prepare the high-performance and mechanically stable solid electrolyte. Due to the sufficiently high compressive stress in the surface layer of solid electrolyte, cracks and dendrite penetration were restrained. Therefore, a controllable and long-life solid electrolyte was obtained. In general, by introducing compressive stress in the surface layer of ceramics, the fracture energy and impact resistance of ceramics were improved effectively.

The main factors affecting surface prestressing by coating method are the ratio of expansion coefficient and the ratio of elastic modulus between the coating and the substrate material, as well as the ratio of cross-sectional area. It was found that, to generate the compressive stress on ceramic surface by coating method, it is required that the coating material has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and similar sintering temperature relative to the substrate. The optimal CTE condition for a pre-stressed ceramic component was described as α_c/α_s < 0.83. Besides, both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the compressive stress and crack resistance in the surface layer increase with the increasing ratio of the cross-sectional area of substrate to coating. While the main influencing factors of surface extrusion method are the temperature and time of ion exchange. As the temperature and the time of ion exchange increasing, the effect of prestress reinforcement improved firstly and then remained unchanged.

Furthermore, inspired by the design of pre-stressed ceramics, the sintering deformation of Al₂O₃ components would be controlled by taking advantage of the difference in shrinkage between substrate and coating. By adjusting the composition and the position of coating, the Al₂O₃ ceramics with different shapes can be fabricated successfully. Besides, according to the deformation level, this method can be used to select the suitable coating raw materials. Generally, the way to fabricate the shape controlled ceramic components by the gradient shrinkage is a novel and effective method, which can be used for the plate and shell products with complex shapes.

It is well known that the residual stress is not a constant. It is related to the position, the ratio of CTE of substrate to coating, interface bonding, and so on. The form and the magnitude of residual stress affect the mechanical properties of specimens. Hence, the evaluation of residual stress in prestressed ceramics is very important for their engineering applications. To evaluate the residual stress in prestressed ceramics, indentation deformation was used to illuminate the effect of residual stress on crack propagation. By comparing the length and the expanded direction of crack in ceramics with and without coating, the form of residual stress was cleared. Results show that the compressive stress could hinder the crack extension, while the tensile stress could promote the crack extension. Besides, the residual stress could be calculated via relative method. The formula derivation and experimental results show that the residual stress is determined by the elasticity modulus, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the cross-sectional ratio of the coating to the substrate and the temperature and the temperature. And it decreases with increasing temperature because of the stress relaxation.

Summary and prospects

By introducing preset compressive stress on the ceramic surface through the surface coating method or the surface extrusion method, the flexural strength and impact resistance of pre-stressed ceramics could be improved significantly. The relative research shows that the flexural strength of structural ceramics, architectural ceramics and domestic ceramics prepared by this new method could increase by 50%, 70% and 100%, respectively. The simple and economical pre-stressing design has shown great application prospects in the architectural ceramics, domestic ceramics, structural ceramics and structural-functional integration ceramics. Moreover, there is no limitation of size and shape in the fabrication of pre-stressed ceramic components, which is suitable for production of industrialization.

Key words

prestressed ceramic / surface coating method / surface extrusion method / high strength / high durability

引用本文

包亦望, 李月明, 万德田, 李海燕, 张小娜, 付帅, 孙熠, 李恺. 预应力增强陶瓷的设计制备方法与影响机制研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (2) : 437 -450 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240610

Yiwang BAO, Yueming LI, Detian WAN, Haiyan LI, Xiaona ZHANG, Shuai FU, Yi SUN, Kai LI. Research Progress on Design, Preparation and Influential Mechanism of Prestressed Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (2) : 437 -450 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240610

基金

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国家自然科学基金重点项目(52032011)
中国建筑材料科学研究总院绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室自立项目(ZA119)

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2025年第53卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240610

接收时间：2024-09-20
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-02-20

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收稿日期：2024-09-20
修回日期：2024-10-14

基金

国家自然科学基金重点项目(52032011)

中国建筑材料科学研究总院绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室自立项目(ZA119)

作者信息

^1．绿色建材国家重点实验室，中国建筑材料科学研究总院，北京 100024

^2．中国国检测试控股集团股份有限公司，北京 100024

^3．景德镇陶瓷大学，江西景德镇 333000

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240610

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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