硅酸盐学报

抗冲磨混凝土材料性能与表征研究进展

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赵明宇 ¹^,² , 朱宝双 ¹ , 王晴 ¹ , 张高展 ³ , 杨军 ³ , 丁庆军 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2025,53(5): 1354-1368

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2025 , 53 (5) : 1354 -1368

抗冲磨混凝土材料性能与表征研究进展

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赵明宇¹^,², 朱宝双¹, 王晴¹, 张高展³, 杨军³, 丁庆军²

作者信息

^1．沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院，沈阳 110168

^2．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室，武汉 4300702

^3．安徽建筑大学材料与化学工程学院，合肥 230601

通讯作者:

丁庆军（1962—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

赵明宇（1987—），男，博士，教授。

Review on Performance and Characterization of Abrasion-Resistant Concrete Materials

Mingyu ZHAO¹^,², Baoshuang ZHU¹, Qing WANG¹, Gaozhan ZHANG³, Jun YANG³, Qingjun DING²

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China

^2.State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^3.School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China

Corresponding Author:

DING Qingjun (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: dingqj@whut.edu.cn

ZHAO Mingyu (1987-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: zmyzhaomingyu@sjzu.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686

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摘要

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水工建筑、桥梁墩柱、海岸堤坝等工程结构长期处于高速水流、挟砂浪涌以及山区泥石流等冲击磨损的服役环境之下，严重威胁着工程的耐久性与安全性。为提升此类结构的服役性能，归纳整理了国内外抗冲磨混凝土材料的研究进展，从材料组成角度总结了各类混凝土材料的抗冲磨特性，并对比分析了水下钢球法、水砂枪法、风砂枪法、圆环法、旋转射流法等表征方法的特点与适用范围，同时探讨了推移质冲击、悬移质磨损、空蚀效应对混凝土造成的损伤破坏机理。为抗冲磨混凝土材料的设计制备与性能研究提供参考。

关键词

抗冲磨混凝土 / 材料组成 / 表征手段 / 抗冲磨性能 / 冲磨机理

Abstract

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Abrasion-resistant concrete is crucial for the durability and safety of hydraulic engineering structures, bridge piers, coastal embankments, and other specialized infrastructure. These structures are exposed to harsh conditions such as high-velocity water flow, sand erosion, and debris impacts. This review examines recent advancements in abrasion-resistant concrete materials, focusing on material composition, characterization methods, and abrasion damage mechanisms. It aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for developing durable concrete in demanding environments.

Abrasion resistance is enhanced by optimizing material composition, including supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), fiber reinforcement, wear-resistant aggregates, rubber particles, and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). SCMs such as silica fume, fly ash, and slag powder improve hydration products and densify the microstructure, significantly enhancing abrasion resistance. However, excessive silica fume can cause shrinkage cracking. Fiber reinforcement, particularly steel fibers (0.75%-1.00% by volume), improves tensile strength and abrasion resistance, with reported increases of over 20%. Wear-resistant aggregates, including iron ore and recycled glass, play a critical role, with their mechanical properties and particle size significantly influencing performance. Rubberized concrete (5%-25% rubber content) absorbs impact energy, reducing abrasion damage, though excessive rubber content may compromise strength. UHPC, with its exceptional strength and density, offers superior abrasion resistance, and further optimization of its fiber, aggregate, and cementitious components is key to its performance in complex environments.

Concrete abrasion resistance is evaluated using various characterization methods that simulate different mechanisms of wear. The underwater method (ASTM C1138, DL/T 5150—2017) measures bed load impacts in high-velocity water flow. The sandblasting test, or water-borne sand jet method, simulates suspended load erosion under varying impact angles and velocities. The ring method and high-speed ring method (SL/T 352—2020) assess abrasion in low-velocity sand-laden water flow, while the rotating jet method simulates high-speed suspended load abrasion. The water-borne sand jet method combines suspended load and cavitation effects to provide a comprehensive evaluation of abrasion resistance. Recently, 3D scanning technology has been increasingly adopted to characterize surface morphology, offering precise measurements of wear depth and volume loss for detailed analysis of abrasion damage.

Abrasion damage mechanisms in concrete involve bed load impact, suspended load abrasion, and cavitation erosion. Bed load impact, caused by large particles such as rocks, results in brittle failure, surface spalling, and internal microcracking, as simulated by the underwater steel ball method. Suspended load abrasion, driven by the continuous scouring of sand particles, gradually erodes the cement paste and exposes aggregates, as modeled by the sandblasting and rotating jet methods. Cavitation erosion, caused by the collapse of bubbles in high-velocity water, forms erosion pits that expand over time, as simulated by the water-borne sand jet method. In real-world environments, concrete is often subjected to combined abrasion mechanisms alongside environmental stressors such as freeze-thaw cycles, debris flow, and seawater exposure. For example, freeze-thaw cycles weaken the concrete matrix, exacerbating erosion by suspended sediments. These combined effects significantly accelerate abrasion damage, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the synergistic interactions between abrasion mechanisms and environmental factors.

Summary and prospects

This review highlights recent progress in abrasion-resistant concrete materials, emphasizing material composition, characterization methods, and damage mechanisms. It offers valuable insights for enhancing durability in harsh environments. Future research should focus on optimizing UHPC composition for specific applications, exploring the combined effects of environmental stressors on abrasion resistance, and leveraging advanced techniques such as 3D scanning for precise damage assessment. By clarifying abrasion mechanisms and improving material performance, this research will drive innovation in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection, ensuring infrastructure resilience in demanding service conditions.

Key words

anti-abrasion concrete / material composition / techniques for representation / abrasion resistance / abrasion mechanisms

引用本文

赵明宇, 朱宝双, 王晴, 张高展, 杨军, 丁庆军. 抗冲磨混凝土材料性能与表征研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1354 -1368 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686

Mingyu ZHAO, Baoshuang ZHU, Qing WANG, Gaozhan ZHANG, Jun YANG, Qingjun DING. Review on Performance and Characterization of Abrasion-Resistant Concrete Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1354 -1368 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52278266; 51908378; U21A20149; U24A2048)
沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC220313)
辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2403149)
桥梁工程安全与韧性全国重点实验室开放基金(2024SKLBSR-DW009)
硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室开放基金(SYSJJ2020-07)

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2025年第53卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686

接收时间：2024-10-30
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-05-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-10-30
修回日期：2024-12-27

基金

国家自然科学基金(52278266; 51908378; U21A20149; U24A2048)

沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC220313)

辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2403149)

桥梁工程安全与韧性全国重点实验室开放基金(2024SKLBSR-DW009)

硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室开放基金(SYSJJ2020-07)

作者信息

^1．沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院，沈阳 110168

^2．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室，武汉 4300702

^3．安徽建筑大学材料与化学工程学院，合肥 230601

通讯作者:

丁庆军（1962—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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