硅酸盐学报

基于气体传输量和压力梯度的微裂纹定量表征方法

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杨进 ¹^,² , 邱金胤 ¹ , 陈伟 ¹ , 苏英 ¹^,² , 贺行洋 ¹^,² , 张强 ³

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(5): 1144-1154

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (5) : 1144 -1154

基于气体传输量和压力梯度的微裂纹定量表征方法

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杨进¹^,², 邱金胤¹, 陈伟¹, 苏英¹^,², 贺行洋¹^,², 张强³

作者信息

^1．湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院，武汉 430068

^2．湖北省建筑防水工程技术研究中心，武汉 430068

^3．中国建筑第三工程局有限公司，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

贺行洋（1976—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

杨进（1989—），男，博士，副教授。

Quantitative Characterization Method for Micro-Cracks Based on Gas Transport Volume and Pressure Gradient

Jin YANG¹^,², Jinyin QIU¹, Wei CHEN¹, Ying SU¹^,², Xingyang HE¹^,², Qiang ZHANG³

Affiliations

^1.School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China

^2.Building Waterproof Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China

^3.China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Group Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding Author:

HE Xingyang (1976-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: hexycn@163.com

YANG Jin (1989-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: jinyang@hbut.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240616

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摘要

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水泥基材料因脆性、体积收缩等特性，易在内部形成微裂纹，从而影响材料强度及耐久性。本工作探讨了一种基于气体在微裂纹中的一维输运和试样两端的压力梯度来表征微裂纹体积等效宽度的方法，并用于评价水泥基材料裂纹自愈合过程演变及愈合效率。为了更好验证测试结果的准确性，采用预设裂纹宽度分别为0.03、0.05、0.10、0.15 mm和0.20 mm。实验表明：该方法可在短时间内（400 s）准确量化0.15 mm以下的微裂纹，且在20~50 mL/min的气体流量下，误差不足10%。验证表明，所建立的基于气体传输的微裂纹测试方法具有较高的准确性和良好的可靠性。该方法同样适用于水泥基材料的自愈合评价，可快速量化愈合后的裂纹等效宽度和愈合率。

关键词

水泥基材料 / 微裂纹 / 气体传输 / 自愈合

Abstract

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Introduction

Cement-based materials are widely used because of their relatively low cost and strong mechanical properties. However, during hydration hardening and service, such materials are often subjected to multiple effects such as plastic shrinkage, self-shrinkage, drying shrinkage, freezing and thawing cycles, and external loading, which in turn induces the formation of internal microcracks. The emergence and development of internal microcracks in cement-based materials can easily become a penetration channel for erosion media such as sulfate and chloride salts, which adversely affects the stability, durability and safety of the structure. Therefore, the characterization and evaluation of internal cracks in cement-based materials have received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. Traditional methods still face certain challenges in measuring the width of internal microcracks in samples quickly and accurately. This paper proposes a micro-crack testing method based on the directional transport of the inert gas argon, which can rapidly and accurately determine the micro-crack width by analyzing the diffusion behavior of the gas in the cracks and the cement matrix through the comprehensive consideration of the sample size and the pressure gradient at both ends.

Methods

The cement paste cracking samples with specific crack widths were preset by the insert method, and the preset crack widths were 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mm and 0.20 mm. A cylinder mold with a diameter of Φ50 mm×100 mm was adopted. Through the insert method, steel sheets with different thicknesses were placed in the center of the mold in advance to control the formation of penetrating cracks with different standard widths.

The gas transport system was mainly composed of sample chamber, gas transport control system and computer data acquisition system. During the test, the sample needed to be placed on a closed sample table and connected to the upper and lower outlets through a thermoplastic tube. The sample room maintained an oil bath environment to ensure sealing. The gas mass flowmeter was adjusted to the required flow rate, so that the gas passed through the device and recorded the pressure gradient changes at different gas flow. The crack width was calculated by Darcy's law.

Results and discussion

When the crack width is in the range of 0.03-0.15 mm, the gas transport method can measure the width value more smoothly. When the crack width is 0.1 mm, the gas transport test results are closest to the actual crack width, and the error is less than 5%. When the crack width reaches 0.15 mm, the gas transport test can still maintain a high measurement accuracy, and the error is less than 10%. When the crack width reaches 0.2 mm, the error is more than 110% because the pressure gradient at both ends is not obvious. When the gas flow is 10-50 mL/min, with the increase of crack size, the increase of gas flow helps to reduce the error. Combined with the crack width and gas flow, it can be concluded that when the crack width is about 0.03 mm, the gas flow of 50 mL/min should be adopted; when the crack width is about 0.05 mm, the gas flow of 30 mL/min should be adopted. When the crack width is 0.10-0.15 mm, the gas flow of 20 mL/min should be adopted. In addition, there is a certain complementarity between the gas transport method and the optical microscope test in measuring the crack width. The optical microscope is suitable for the measurement of the width value of the larger crack surface, and the gas transport test can obtain the statistical average value of the penetrating crack inside the sample.

In the self-healing test, with the increase of gas flow (≥20 mL/min), the equivalent crack width obtained by the test is basically in a stable state. This is because the high gas flow is more conducive to the passage of argon through the gap between SAP hydrogel particles and the formation of channels, thereby further increasing the gas fluidity in the sample and improving the gas transport effect. By comparing the crack width before and after self-healing, it can be found that the healing effect of SAP hydrogel significantly reduces the crack equivalent width, and the healing rate calculated according to the crack equivalent width.

Conclusions

At the gas flow of 20-50 mL/min, the error is less than 10%, and the test error gradually decreases with the increase of crack width. The gas transport test can accurately measure the crack volume equivalent width of the crack in a short time (400 s), and has good rapidity and reliability. When the crack width reaches 0.2 mm, the detection accuracy is significantly reduced because the pressure difference gradient at both ends is not obvious, and the error is more than 110%. When the crack width is 0.03-0.15 mm, the fluctuation range of the test results increases with the increase of the crack size, and the appropriate increase of the gas flow is helpful to reduce the test error. Therefore, the gas transport method can better quantify the microcracks within 0.15 mm. The suitable gas flow range for crack self-healing in gas transport test is recommended to be 20-50 mL/min, and the average self-healing rate of 24 h is 39.1%, indicating that SAP hydrogel can effectively seal the microcracks inside cement-based materials in a short time, reduce the equivalent crack width, and play a good self-healing sealing effect.

Key words

cement-based material / micro-crack / gas transport / self-healing

引用本文

杨进, 邱金胤, 陈伟, 苏英, 贺行洋, 张强. 基于气体传输量和压力梯度的微裂纹定量表征方法. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1144 -1154 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240616

Jin YANG, Jinyin QIU, Wei CHEN, Ying SU, Xingyang HE, Qiang ZHANG. Quantitative Characterization Method for Micro-Cracks Based on Gas Transport Volume and Pressure Gradient[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (5) : 1144 -1154 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240616

基金

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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52172017)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(51902095)

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2025年第53卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240616

接收时间：2024-09-23
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-05-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-09-23
修回日期：2024-12-30

基金

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52172017)

国家自然科学基金青年项目(51902095)

作者信息

^1．湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院，武汉 430068

^2．湖北省建筑防水工程技术研究中心，武汉 430068

^3．中国建筑第三工程局有限公司，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

贺行洋（1976—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240616

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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