硅酸盐学报

锂电池负极中氢化锂研究的一些思考和探讨

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杨立萱 ¹^,² , 庄想春 ¹^,² , 李杰东 ¹ , 谢斌 ¹ , 张圣行 ¹ , 杜丽 ¹ , 吴容先 ¹ , 邓文婷 ¹ , 初颖 ¹ , 孙金燃 ¹ , 李川川 ¹ , 倪玲 ¹ , 董杉木 ¹^,²^,³ , 许高洁 ¹^,³ , 崔光磊 ¹^,²^,³

硅酸盐学报 | 全固态电池发展专刊—综合评述 2025,53(6): 1685-1699

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硅酸盐学报 |全固态电池发展专刊—综合评述 2025 , 53 (6) : 1685 -1699

锂电池负极中氢化锂研究的一些思考和探讨

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杨立萱¹^,², 庄想春¹^,², 李杰东¹, 谢斌¹, 张圣行¹, 杜丽¹, 吴容先¹, 邓文婷¹, 初颖¹, 孙金燃¹, 李川川¹, 倪玲¹, 董杉木¹^,²^,³, 许高洁¹^,³, 崔光磊¹^,²^,³

作者信息

^1．青岛新能源山东省实验室，青岛储能产业技术研究院，中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所，山东青岛 266101

^2．中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心，北京 100049

^3．山东能源研究院，山东青岛 266101

通讯作者:

许高洁（1987—），男，博士，副研究员；

崔光磊（1973—），男，博士，研究员。

作者简介:

杨立萱（2001—），女，博士研究生。

A Study on Lithium Hydride in Anode of Lithium Batteries

Lixuan YANG¹^,², Xiangchun ZHUANG¹^,², Jiedong LI¹, Bin XIE¹, Shenghang ZHANG¹, Li DU¹, Rongxian WU¹, Wenting DENG¹, Ying CHU¹, Jinran SUN¹, Chuanchuan LI¹, Ling NI¹, Shanmu DONG¹^,²^,³, Gaojie XU¹^,³, Guanglei CUI¹^,²^,³

Affiliations

^1.Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China

^2.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

^3.Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China

Corresponding Author:

XU Gaojie (1987-), male, Ph. D., Associate Professor. E-mail: xugj@qibebt.ac.cn;

CUI Guanglei (1973-), male, Ph. D., Professor. cuigl@qibebt.ac.cn

YANG Lixuan (2001-), female, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: yanglx@qibebt.ac.cn

出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240771

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摘要

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发展高比容量负极材料是提升锂电池能量密度的重要技术路线。然而，高比容量负极材料在充放电循环过程中存在不可逆体积膨胀大和界面副反应剧烈等问题挑战，从而劣化下一代高比能锂电池的寿命和安全。近年来，随着先进表征技术的发展，研究发现循环后的锂电池负极中存在大量氢化锂，但目前关于氢化锂的存在及其作用机制仍存在较大争议。本文通过综述相关文献，首先总结了氢化锂的基本物理化学性质，然后系统回顾了氢化锂在非锂金属负极、金属锂负极中的研究进展以及氢化物在非锂电池负极中的研究进展。最后，针对氢化锂诱导负极失效和保护机制提出一些思考和探讨，并对高容量负极材料、界面和电解液的优化改进提出展望，旨在推动下一代高比能锂电池的快速发展。

关键词

锂离子电池 / 锂金属电池 / 负极失效 / 氢化锂 / 电极界面

Abstract

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Lithium batteries are widely and profoundly applied in different fields (i.e., portable electronic devices and electric vehicles) due to their high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, high-capacity electrode materials become a key to the development of the next generation of high-energy lithium batteries with the increasing demand for extended driving ranges in new energy electric vehicles. The chemical environment in these next-generation high-energy lithium batteries is complex, with intensified electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions. Among these challenges, some issues such as the volume expansion of high-capacity anode materials and severe side reactions at the interface have a significant negative impact on the cycle life and safety of the battery. Recent studies reveal the presence of significant amounts of lithium hydride (LiH) in the anode of lithium batteries after cycling. However, there is a considerable debate regarding the existence of LiH and its underlying mechanisms. The formation and evolution of LiH, as well as its role in inducing anode failure, remain major research gaps. This review summarizes the fundamental physicochemical properties of LiH based on the existing literature and systematically represents the research work on lithium hydride in non-lithium metal anodes, lithium metal anodes, and non-lithium battery anodes. Furthermore, this review discusses the mechanisms by which LiH induces anode failure and protection, to provide a targeted guidance for the optimization and improvement of high-capacity anode materials, interfaces, and electrolytes, thus facilitating the commercialization of the next generation of high-energy lithium batteries.

This review firstly introduced the fundamental physicochemical properties of LiH. As a hydride of metallic lithium, LiH is the lightest ionic compound in nature and exhibits strong alkalinity. Furthermore, this review summarizes the conventional synthesis methods for LiH and the conventional chemical reactions in which it can participate. These related chemical reactions can provide valuable insights and considerations for research on LiH in battery anodes.

From the ongoing advancement in the understanding of the interfacial chemistry of battery anodes and advanced characterization techniques, the presence of LiH is confirmed in both non-lithium metal anodes (i.e., graphite, germanium, and silicon) and lithium metal anodes, which serves as a new component of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. However, the existing research mainly focuses on confirming the existence of LiH, while the distribution of LiH in the anode surface/interface or bulk phase, its formation and evolution mechanisms, and its effects on different anode materials remain unclear. In addition to the presence of LiH in lithium battery anodes, related hydrides (such as sodium hydride (NaH), magnesium hydride (MgH₂), etc.) are also identified in non-lithium battery anodes. The formation and decomposition of these hydrides can have significant effects on the performance of the anode materials and even the overall battery performance.

Summary and prospects

High-capacity anode materials are a preferred option for the development of the next generation of high-energy lithium batteries. However, some issues such as the volume expansion of high-capacity anode materials and severe side reactions at the interface significantly hinder their further development. The discovery of LiH on the anode provides a perspective for investigating the problems related to anode materials and interfacial failure. However, there remains considerable controversy due to the limited scope of the existing research. Firstly, most studies on the physicochemical properties of LiH focus on bulk particles (bulk-LiH), whereas what is generated at the battery anode interface is predominantly in the form of nanoparticles (nano-LiH). It is thus crucial to fully understand the nanoparticle effects of nano-LiH. Also, there is a need for in-depth studies on the formation and decomposition mechanisms of LiH on different anode materials, as well as the various effects and mechanisms by which LiH interacts with these materials. It is important to investigate the reactivity of the nano-sized lithium hydride formed at the anode with various components of the battery, as well as its correlation with battery failure phenomena. A clarification is needed to determine whether LiH accelerates battery failure or failure issues trigger the formation of LiH. Research on these issues can deepen the understanding of LiH and provide valuable insights for the study of hydrides in other battery anodes. Furthermore, the research will offer some targeted strategies for optimizing and improving high-capacity anode materials, interfaces, and electrolytes.

Key words

lithium-ion batteries / lithium-metal batteries / anode failure / lithium hydride / electrode interface

引用本文

杨立萱, 庄想春, 李杰东, 谢斌, 张圣行, 杜丽, 吴容先, 邓文婷, 初颖, 孙金燃, 李川川, 倪玲, 董杉木, 许高洁, 崔光磊. 锂电池负极中氢化锂研究的一些思考和探讨. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (6) : 1685 -1699 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240771

Lixuan YANG, Xiangchun ZHUANG, Jiedong LI, Bin XIE, Shenghang ZHANG, Li DU, Rongxian WU, Wenting DENG, Ying CHU, Jinran SUN, Chuanchuan LI, Ling NI, Shanmu DONG, Gaojie XU, Guanglei CUI. A Study on Lithium Hydride in Anode of Lithium Batteries[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (6) : 1685 -1699 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240771

基金

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国家自然科学基金(22102206)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024YQ008)

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排序方式：

2025年第53卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240771

接收时间：2024-12-03
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-06-20

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收稿日期：2024-12-03
修回日期：2024-12-26

基金

国家自然科学基金(22102206)

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024YQ008)

作者信息

^1．青岛新能源山东省实验室，青岛储能产业技术研究院，中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所，山东青岛 266101

^2．中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心，北京 100049

^3．山东能源研究院，山东青岛 266101

通讯作者:

许高洁（1987—），男，博士，副研究员；

崔光磊（1973—），男，博士，研究员。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240771

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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