硅酸盐学报

构建面向商用全固态电池的复合固态电解质

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刘洪 ¹ , 武倩 ¹ , 任耀宇 ¹ , 张雪 ² , 南策文 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 全固态电池发展专刊—综合评述 2025,53(6): 1510-1519

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硅酸盐学报 |全固态电池发展专刊—综合评述 2025 , 53 (6) : 1510 -1519

构建面向商用全固态电池的复合固态电解质

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刘洪¹, 武倩¹, 任耀宇¹, 张雪², 南策文¹

作者信息

^1．清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084

^2．清陶（昆山）能源发展集团股份有限公司，江苏昆山 215300

通讯作者:

任耀宇（1985—），男，副研究员。

作者简介:

刘洪（1993—），男，博士。

Constructing Composite Solid Electrolytes for Commercial All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Hong LIU¹, Qian WU¹, Yaoyu REN¹, Xue ZHANG², Cewen NAN¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials, Beijing 100084, China

^2.Qingtao (KunShan) Energy Development Co., Ltd., Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China

Corresponding Author:

Ren Yaoyu (1985-), male, associate Professor. E-mail: renyaoyu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

LIU Hong (1993-), male, Ph., D. E-mail: liuhongth@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240832

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摘要

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全固态锂电池有望解决锂离子电池的安全风险，并实现更高的能量密度，成为业界重点发展方向之一。开发兼具高室温离子电导率、低成本、高化学/电化学稳定性、高机械强度及高可加工性的固态电解质材料是推动全固态锂电池实现大规模工业化生产的关键。本文重点讨论了目前单一类型固态电解质（包括氧化物、硫化物、卤化物及聚合物）在商业化应用中面临的挑战。在此基础上，提出了SHOP型（S、H、O和P分别代表硫、卤素、氧和聚合物）复合固态电解质，以平衡商业化所需的性能要求，并阐述了该类型电解质在全固态锂电池工业化生产中的潜力与发展方向。

关键词

全固态锂电池 / 无机固态电解质 / 聚合物电解质 / SHOP型电解质

Abstract

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The rapid advancement of electric vehicles has increasing demands on the energy density of power batteries(i.e., 400 (W·h)/kg in 2025, and 500 (W·h)/kg in 2030). However, the existing lithium-ion batteries have their theoretical energy capacity limits primarily due to the constraints of graphite anodes. Also, the use of flammable electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries poses significant safety risks, making the development of safer and higher-energy-density batteries an urgent necessity. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), which replace liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes, offer a promising solution to these challenges. The use of solid-state electrolytes can enhance battery safety, extend service life, and enable the use of lithium metal anodes, thus increasing energy density via eliminating dendrite growth. Moreover, solid-state electrolytes allow for a wider operational temperature range, reducing a need for complex thermal management systems and further improving energy density.

Solid-state electrolytes are central to the performance of ASSLBs, impacting key metrics such as power density, energy density, and cycle life. The success of ASSLBs large-scale production hinges on the selection of appropriate solid-state electrolyte materials. These electrolytes are generally classified into inorganic and organic polymer types. The inorganic group is further subdivided into oxides, sulfides, and halides. Despite significant progress in each of these types, no single electrolyte material meets all the industrial requirements for ASSLB production. The primary challenge lies in balancing high ionic conductivity at room temperature, low cost, good chemical and electrochemical stability, high thermal stability, high mechanical strength, and ease of processing.

In response, composite solid electrolytes with both inorganic and polymer electrolytes emerge as a promising strategy. These materials offer improved performance characteristics via leveraging the benefits of both components. However, the challenge remains in selecting and optimizing the right inorganic and polymer combination to achieve the desired balance of properties. This review introduces a concept of SHOP-type composite solid electrolytes, where "S," "H," "O," and "P" represent sulfides, halides, oxides, and polymers, respectively. SHOP-type electrolytes can overcome the limitations of individual materials via utilizing synergistic effects between multiple components. The review also explores the potential advantages of SHOP-type composite electrolytes for the industrialization of ASSLBs, highlighting some promising development directions for future research.

Summary and Prospects

This review addresses some challenges faced by four major types of single-phase solid-state electrolytes, i.e., oxides, sulfides, halides, and polymers, in large-scale production and application. These challenges stem from the difficulty of balancing the various performance requirements for commercial feasibility. Oxides offer excellent thermal stability and electrochemical windows but suffer from low ionic conductivity and complex processing requirements. Sulfides provide high ionic conductivity but are prone to air sensitivity and narrow electrochemical windows. Halides, while offering high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, face high production costs and poor interface stability with lithium metal anodes. Polymers, known for their flexibility and processability, are limited by low ionic conductivity and poor high-voltage stability.

A concept of SHOP-type composite solid electrolytes is proposed to address these challenges. SHOP-type electrolytes provide a balanced solution that meets the demanding requirements for ASSLBs via combining the benefits of polymer electrolytes (i.e., processing flexibility and low cost) with the advantages of inorganic electrolytes (i.e., high ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength). These materials offer a potential for improved safety, performance, and scalability in large-scale production, making them highly promising for future energy storage systems.

Despite their numerous advantages, the development of SHOP-type electrolytes still faces several key challenges. Future research should focus on optimizing the composition and structure of composite solid electrolytes. Understanding the interactions between inorganic and polymer components will be crucial to achieving the ideal performance characteristics. Also, the compatibility of SHOP electrolytes with lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes must be further explored to improve battery efficiency and longevity. Another critical area of research is the reduction of production costs, which is achieved via selecting sustainable materials and optimizing processing methods. Innovations in fabrication techniques that can lower costs and improve scalability are essential for the widespread adoption of ASSLBs.

Interdisciplinary collaborations also play a vital role in advancing the development of ASSLB technologies. Researchers can overcome the existing barriers and accelerate the transition of ASSLBs from lab-scale to industrial-scale production via integrating insights from materials science, electrochemistry, and engineering. Through continuous innovation and optimization, SHOP-type composite solid electrolytes hold a great promise for enabling the widespread adoption of ASSLBs, driving forward the development of high-energy-density, safe, and long-lasting energy storage systems in the future.

Some significant strides are made in the development of solid-state electrolytes, the challenges remain considerable. SHOP-type composite electrolytes with their potential for balanced performance offer a promising path toward the commercial realization of ASSLBs. With further research and development, these materials can significantly contribute to the advancement of next-generation energy storage technologies.

Key words

all-solid-state lithium batteries / inorganic solid-state electrolytes / polymer electrolytes / sulfides, halides, oxides, and polymers electrolytes

引用本文

刘洪, 武倩, 任耀宇, 张雪, 南策文. 构建面向商用全固态电池的复合固态电解质. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (6) : 1510 -1519 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240832

Hong LIU, Qian WU, Yaoyu REN, Xue ZHANG, Cewen NAN. Constructing Composite Solid Electrolytes for Commercial All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (6) : 1510 -1519 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240832

基金

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国家重点研发项目(2023YFB2503902)
国家自然科学基金(52402275; 52388201)
北京市自然科学基金(2244094)

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2025年第53卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240832

接收时间：2024-12-27
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2025-06-20

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收稿日期：2024-12-27
修回日期：2025-02-16

基金

国家重点研发项目(2023YFB2503902)

国家自然科学基金(52402275; 52388201)

北京市自然科学基金(2244094)

作者信息

^1．清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084

^2．清陶（昆山）能源发展集团股份有限公司，江苏昆山 215300

通讯作者:

任耀宇（1985—），男，副研究员。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240832

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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