Article(id=1319973045784138735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230748, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695744000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-27, revisedDate=1697990400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792635698028, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1713542400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792635698028, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792635698028, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792635698028, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319973019079000285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2024', volume='52', issue='4', pageStart='1171', pageEnd='1476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713542400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792635691661, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792641833008, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319998777822396474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319998777822396475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319973019079000285, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1267, endPage=1276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319973045956105200, articleId=1319973045784138735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Enhanced Energy Storage Properties in Tm-Doped Antiferroelectric Ceramics by Engineering Grain Boundaries, columnId=1321894869182828764, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Dielectric Energy Storage Materials—Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction The pulse power capacitors can be used in military, medical, and aerospace fields due to their high power density and rapid charge-discharge capabilities. Despite these advantages, limited energy storage capacity and efficiency become challenges in achieving miniaturization and high-power performance. Among dielectric energy storage materials, antiferroelectric materials are regarded as promising for high-performance pulse power capacitors due to their distinctive double hysteresis loops, lower residual polarization, and higher energy storage efficiency. However, the breakdown strength decreases due to non-uniform electric field when the resistance of ceramic grain is equal to that of grain boundary, resulting in a decrease of energy storage density. Therefore, the enhancement of grain boundary impedance plays a key role in improving the dielectric breakdown strength of the system. In this paper, (Pb(1-1.5x)Tmx)(Zr0.55Sn0.44Ti0.01)O3 (x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) antiferroelectric ceramics were prepared via tape casting. The strategy of grain boundary impedance was constructed via enhancing the grain boundary quantity.
Methods Powders of Pb3O4, Tm3O2, ZrO2, SnO2, and TiO2 as raw materials were precisely weighed according to their chemical formulae after drying. The powders were mixed with alcohol and then ground in a ball mill for 24 h. Afterwards, the mixture was dried and pre-sintered at 850 ℃, and further ground in a ball mill for 24 h. The ground powders were mixed with toluene ethanol as a solvent, polyvinyl alcohol as an adhesive and butyl phthalate as a plasticizer. After 24 h milling, the mixture underwent degassing for 40 min, resulting in a slurry with an optimal fluidity. A flexible film with a thickness of 0.02 mm was produced via casting at a linear speed of 40 cm/min, and dried for 6 h. This film was then compressed into a block with the sizes of 10.0 mm×10.0 mm×0.5 mm. The samples were sintered in a muffle furnace via increasing the temperature from room temperature to 600 ℃ for 12 h to firstly remove the adhesive and then at 1 300 ℃. The sintered samples were cooled to room temperature.
The crystal structure of PTZST ceramics at room temperature was determined by X-ray diffraction. The ion vibration mode and the degree of disorder in the local structure were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology and grain size of the ceramic samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The particle sizes were determined by a software named Nano Measure. The dielectric temperature spectra were analyzed. The hysteresis curves were measured at various electric fields and temperatures as well as at a constant electric field intensity of 10 Hz, by a ferroelectric testing system. The test samples had a thickness of 0.1 mm and an electrode diameter of 2 mm. The impedance data were recorded by a high-temperature dielectric test system and subsequently analyzed by a software named ZView to evaluate the electrical performance of the samples.
Results and discussion All the PTZST ceramics exhibit a pronounced perovskite structure without elemental distortion, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis. The orthogonal antiferroelectric phase of these ceramics is confirmed through superlattice diffraction and component selection analysis. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the grain size of the ceramics decreases with increasing Tm3+ content. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of lead ion vacancies induced by the substitution of high valence Tm3+ for Pb2+, subsequently inhibiting oxygen vacancy formation and grain growth. Moreover, this modification increases the number of grain boundaries, enhancing the effectiveness of the grain boundary impedance strategy. However, excessive Tm3+ doping deteriorates the sample properties. The analysis of the P-E loops indicates a change in the energy storage density of PTZST ceramics. The PT4ZST ceramics demonstrate the maximum energy storage density (i.e., Wrec=9.37 J/cm3) and efficiency (i.e., η=77%). There is little variation in energy storage density at 30-120 ℃.
The impedance spectrum transformation from two semicircles to a single semicircle indicates the effective implementation of the grain boundary impedance strategy. This alteration enhances the dielectric breakdown strength of PTZST ceramics, thereby augmenting the energy storage density.
In exploring practical applications, charge-discharge tests were conducted. The discharge energy density of PT4ZST ceramics increases with increasing applied electric field, having the maximum value at a discharge energy density (i.e., Wdis=5.5 J/cm3) and a discharge rate (i.e., t0.9=199.85 ns).
Conclusions The original long-range ordered structure was disrupted via doping Tm3+ in the A-site to replace Pb2+, reducing a tolerance factor and stabilizing an antiferroelectric phase. Consequently, this led to an improved dielectric breakdown and an enhanced energy storage capability. The results indicated that the PT4ZST ceramics achieved a high dielectric breakdown (i.e., Eb=490 kV/cm) and a significant energy storage density (i.e., Wrec=9.37 J/cm3). These ceramics exhibited a high energy storage efficiency (i.e., 77%) and a substantial discharge energy density (i.e., Wdis=5.5 J/cm3), coupled with a rapid discharge rate (i.e., t0.9=199.85 ns). Furthermore, the PT4ZST ceramic had a superior temperature stability at 30~120 ℃. The results indicated that the PT4ZST ceramic could be used as an effective material for high-temperature pulse power capacitors.
, authors=Lizhi XU, Liming CHEN, Qiran ZHAO, Huilin YANG, Jianxiang DING, authorsList=Lizhi XU, Liming CHEN, Qiran ZHAO, Huilin YANG, Jianxiang DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liming CHEN, authorNote=
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反铁电陶瓷材料由于其相变储能特性，在脉冲电容器领域引起广泛关注。然而，低的储能密度和储能效率难以实现器件的小型化，高功率化，阻碍了基于反铁电陶瓷脉冲电容器的实际应用。本工作采用流延法制备（Pb（1-1.5x）Tmx）（Zr0.55Sn0.44Ti0.01）O3（x=0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06）反铁电陶瓷，通过构建晶界阻抗策略，改善电学性能，提高击穿强度，进而达到提高其储能密度的目的。系统地研究了掺杂不同含量的Tm3+，对（Pb（1-1.5x）Tmx）（Zr0.55Sn0.44Ti0.01）O3陶瓷的相结构，微观形貌，介电性能，储能特性，电学性能以及放电行为的影响。结果表明，随着Tm3+含量的增加，晶粒逐步细化，界面数量增加，致使反铁电陶瓷由晶界-晶粒阻抗作用转变为晶界阻抗占主导作用。因此，陶瓷系统电阻提高，绝缘性增强，最终导致介电击穿（Eb=490 kV/cm）上升，获得了高的储能密度（Wrec=9.37 J/cm3），高的储能效率（η=77%）以及较好的放电能量密度（Wdis=5.5 J/cm3）。此外，（Pb（1-1.5x）Tmx）（Zr0.55Sn0.44Ti0.01）O3陶瓷在30~120 ℃温度范围内，储能密度变化小于8%，具有良好的温度稳定性，是一种优异的高温脉冲功率电容器材料，为脉冲功率电容器的设计提供一种新的思路。
, authors=徐立智, 陈立明, 赵启然, 杨慧琳, 丁健翔, authorsList=徐立智, 陈立明, 赵启然, 杨慧琳, 丁健翔, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈立明, authorNote=
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陈立明（1989—），男，博士，讲师。
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