硅酸盐学报

小冲杆试验评价固体氧化物燃料电池NiO-YSZ阳极机械强度

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宋明 ¹ , 胡佳旺 ¹ , 蒋文春 ² , 张玉财 ² , 钮瑞艳 ¹ , 仝佳佳 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2024,52(1): 9-18

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2024 , 52 (1) : 9 -18

小冲杆试验评价固体氧化物燃料电池NiO-YSZ阳极机械强度

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宋明¹, 胡佳旺¹, 蒋文春², 张玉财², 钮瑞艳¹, 仝佳佳¹

作者信息

^1．中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^2．中国石油大学（华东）新能源学院，山东青岛 266580

通讯作者:

蒋文春（1980—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

宋明（1984—），男，博士，副教授。

Evaluation of Mechanical Strength of NiO-YSZ Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based on Small Punch Test

Ming SONG¹, Jiawang HU¹, Wenchun JIANG², Yucai ZHANG², Ruiyan NIU¹, Jiajia TONG¹

Affiliations

^1.College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

^2.College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

Corresponding Author:

JIANG Wenchun (1980-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: jiangwenchun@126.com

SONG Ming (1984-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: songmingx@gmail.com

出版时间: 2024-01-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230491

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摘要

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目前我国在固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）核心部件阳极-电解质-阴极组件（PEN）陶瓷材料强度评价方法及相关标准方面仍为空白，亟待制定切实可行的测试方法及进行系统性的研究。本工作以平板式阳极支撑SOFC的氧化镍-氧化钇稳定氧化锆（NiO-YSZ）陶瓷材料为研究对象，通过小冲杆试验、力学建模与分析，结合逆向有限元法、试样断口微观分析及Weibull失效概率模型，得到了脆性NiO-YSZ陶瓷材料的弹性模量、特征强度和Weibull模量等力学性能参数。提出了基于小冲杆微试样试验的平板式SOFC关键构件NiO-YSZ机械强度的评价方法。为PEN陶瓷材料的强度表征与微观结构优化提供了测试手段与数据支持。

关键词

固体氧化物燃料电池 / 氧化镍-氧化钇稳定氧化锆阳极 / 小冲杆试验 / 机械强度 / Weibull分布

Abstract

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Introduction

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are an efficient all solid-state power generation device and an important choice for achieving the energy goals. The existing shortcomings like low high-temperature strength, structural reliability, and short service life of SOFCs restrict the commercialization of SOFCs. The core component of SOFC, i.e., the positive-electrolyte-negative (PEN) multilayer composite ceramic electrode plate that works in a redox environment for a long time and bears the cyclic thermal stress caused by multiple starts and stops of the SOFC stack should have a good mechanical strength. The common anode material for SOFC is nickel oxide-yttria-stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) porous ceramic. The NiO-YSZ anode has some problems such as alternating high and low temperature redox, carbon deposition, impurity poisoning, and Ni particle growth during operation, thus leading to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the anode. It is thus of great significance to evaluate the mechanical properties of the NiO-YSZ anode for SOFCs and evolute the degradation over service time. However, the excessive clamping force can lead to the fragmentation of the entire specimen due to the thin thickness of NiO-YSZ anode and the brittleness of the material. It is difficult for conventional tensile tests to achieve the evaluation of the mechanical strength of the NiO-YSZ anode and PEN components. The small punch test (SPT) is a testing technique that uses micro-sized specimens to obtain the mechanical strength of materials without the need to clamp the specimens. This paper focused on the homogeneous NiO-YSZ anode material of planar SOFC and conducted multiple sets of SPTs. In addition, a method was also proposed to evaluate the mechanical strength of anode NiO-YSZ ceramic component of planar SOFCs using SPT.

Methods

The initial experimental material was planar anode-supported SOFC multilayer PEN plate, which did not yet put into service and prepared by a tape-casting method. The anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials were NiO-YSZ, YSZ, and LSM (strontium-doped lanthanum manganate)-YSZ, respectively. The plate-shaped PEN was cut into circular specimens with a radius of R=5 mm. The cathode, barrier layer, and electrolyte layer of the specimen were removed by mechanical polishing. The initial thickness t₀ of the NiO-YSZ specimen was ultimately controlled to be (0.380±0.010) mm.

The SPT adopted a self-developed testing machine with a self-designed SPT clamp. The experiment was controlled by displacement loading at a constant loading rate of 0.02 mm/min. The specimen underwent deformation until failure under the stamping of the punch and loading ball. The load and displacement data were collected by sensors and the load-displacement curve was drawn. The surface and fracture morphology of the specimen were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of NiO-YSZ anode (i.e., elastic modulus, characteristic strength, and Weibull modulus) were obtained via the experimental results and mechanical modeling based on an inverse finite element method and the Weibull failure probability model.

Results and discussion

The load-displacement curve of SPT of NiO-YSZ has three characteristic stages and three load characteristic values P₁, P₂, and P_m. Based on the fracture observation by SEM, different loading stages correspond to the process of crack initiation and propagation in NiO-YSZ sample, and P₁ is determined as a fracture load of the specimen. The elastic modulus of NiO-YSZ anode is determined to be 40 GPa through a reverse finite element method, and the maximum tensile stress of the specimen occurs at the center of the lower surface when the displacement reaches its maximum value (i.e., 149.16 MPa). The corresponding mechanical model was developed, and a formula for calculating the tensile strengths of NiO-YSZ anode specimens was proposed. Under the same conditions, the maximum tensile stress of the theoretically calculated for the specimen is 152.29 MPa, which is only 2.1% different from the numerical simulation result. The reason for the deviation ise due to the simplification of the contact process during theoretical modeling, while the finite element method can more closely simulate the deformation between the loading ball and the specimen during the experimental process to obtain a more accurate numerical solution. The ultimate tensile strengths of 22 NiO-YSZ specimens were calculated through the theoretical formulas. The ultimate tensile strength exhibits a certain degree of dispersion due to the inherent properties of brittle ceramic materials. Therefore, the Weibull failure probability model was used to statistically analyze the results, and the characteristic strength of ultimate tensile strength of NiO-YSZ anode material is 160.88 MPa, with the Weibull modulus of 7.61. This achieves the evaluation of strength, reliability and uniformity of NiO-YSZ anode material.

Conclusions

The load-displacement curve of SPT of NiO-YSZ anode had three load characteristic values P₁, P₂, and P_m. Based on the SEM observation, different experimental stages corresponded to the crack initiation and propagation stages of the specimen. After the load reaches P₁, some cracks appeared at the center of the lower surface of the specimen, and P₁ was determined as a material fracture load. A mechanical theoretical model for the SPT of ceramic materials was proposed. The Weibull statistical results of the tensile strength of NiO-YSZ anode were obtained by four different methods, and a formula for calculating the tensile strength of NiO-YSZ ceramic specimens suitable for SPT was obtained. The mechanical strength of NiO-YSZ anode material had a dispersibility, and the elastic modulus of the research object NiO-YSZ anode material was determined to be 40 GPa through the reverse finite element method. A method for evaluating the mechanical strength of SOFC electrode ceramic components based on SPT was proposed. The statistical analysis was conducted on 22 sets of experimental results, yielding a characteristic tensile strength of 160.90 MPa with a Weibull modulus (m) of 7.61 for this material.

Key words

solid oxide fuel cells / nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia anode / small punch test / mechanical strength / Weibull distribution

引用本文

宋明, 胡佳旺, 蒋文春, 张玉财, 钮瑞艳, 仝佳佳. 小冲杆试验评价固体氧化物燃料电池NiO-YSZ阳极机械强度. 硅酸盐学报, 2024 , 52 (1) : 9 -18 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230491

Ming SONG, Jiawang HU, Wenchun JIANG, Yucai ZHANG, Ruiyan NIU, Jiajia TONG. Evaluation of Mechanical Strength of NiO-YSZ Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based on Small Punch Test[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024 , 52 (1) : 9 -18 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230491

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001501)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(23CX03009A)
国家自然科学基金(52275167; 51805543)

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2024年第52卷第1期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230491

接收时间：2023-07-23
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2024-01-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2023-07-23
修回日期：2023-08-31

基金

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001501)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(23CX03009A)

国家自然科学基金(52275167; 51805543)

作者信息

^1．中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^2．中国石油大学（华东）新能源学院，山东青岛 266580

通讯作者:

蒋文春（1980—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230491

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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