Article(id=1319726440992584289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726382268138030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250237, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743350400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-31, revisedDate=1744646400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792576902864, onlineDateStr=2026-10-21, pubDate=1763568000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792576902864, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792576902864, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792576902864, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319726382268138030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2025', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3432', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1763568000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792576888863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792577494231, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319728921399116056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726382268138030, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319728921403310361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726382268138030, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3206, endPage=3213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319726442540282467, articleId=1319726440992584289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Flexural Strength and Prestress Verification of Unreinforced Prestressed Mortar, columnId=1319726165087077079, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Prestressed concrete, a pivotal 20th-century structural engineering innovation, enhances concrete structure strength and durability by introducing internal compressive stress to counteract external load-induced tensile stresses. Classified by prestress generation methods, it includes traditional prestressed concrete (TPC) and chemically prestressed concrete (CPC), both relying on steel reinforcement. TPC uses pretensioned or post-tensioned steel tendons to induce compressive stress in concrete, while CPC employs expansive cement, constrained by steel, to generate concrete compression via steel tension. That means steel reinforcement remains indispensable in conventional prestressed systems for stress generation.
However, there are successful examples in materials engineering where prestress is achieved without the involvement of steel reinforcement. Tempered glass serves as a typical case. During its fabrication, the glass is heated to near its softening point and then rapidly cooled. The surface solidifies faster than the interior, which remains at a higher temperature, and this differential cooling restricts the contraction of the inner core, ultimately inducing compressive stress on the surface layer. Under mechanical loading, external forces must first overcome the surface compressive stress before any damage occurs, thereby significantly enhancing the mechanical strength and resistance to fracture. Today, tempered glass is widely used across various sectors including automotive, high-speed rail, construction, consumer electronics, and furniture. Compared with TPC and CPC, tempered glass achieves prestressing without relying on steel reinforcement. Instead, the prestress arises from the mismatch in thermal deformation between the surface and the core, offering a simpler and more efficient method for introducing internal stress.
Summary and Prospects Inspired by the prestressing principle of tempered glass, this study proposes a novel strengthening method for mortar that establishes internal compressive stress without the use of steel reinforcement. This is achieved by restraining the expansion of an expansive surface layer through a shrinking substrate. The resulting pre-compressive stress significantly enhances the flexural performance of the mortar. Experimental results demonstrate that the flexural strength of unreinforced prestressed mortar (UPM) increases with the cross-sectional height ratio. When 6% expansive agent is incorporated into the surface layer and the height ratio reaches 4, the flexural strength improves to 11.24 MPa. As the expansion rate of the surface layer increases, the flexural strength of UPM continues to rise. For instance, with a 10% expansive agent, the 28 d flexural strength increases by up to 45%. Furthermore, by employing the casting method with time interval combined with surface roughening and the use of an interfacial adhesive, the flexural strength of UPM can reach 12.33 MPa. The maximum flexural-to-compressive strength ratio approaches 1∶3. These findings highlight the critical role of interfacial bonding quality in enhancing flexural performance—stronger bonding leads to greater strength gains. The existence of internal prestress is further verified through stress release monitoring during specimen cutting, where a maximum released stress of 1.68 MPa is recorded. However, it is important to note that the cutting method only releases a portion of the internal stress. As some prestress remains unreleased, the actual prestress present in UPM is likely higher than the measured value. Therefore, the released stress should not be regarded as the absolute value of the applied prestress. Although a correlation exists between stress relief and flexural strength improvement, the two are not equivalent. In practical applications, UPM should be evaluated and selected based on the overall enhancement in flexural strength rather than the measured released stress alone. Mechanistically, the expansion of the surface layer induces tensile stress in the substrate and compressive stress in the surface layer. When the surface layer is relatively thick, the compressive prestress decreases with depth along the normal direction of the interface. This stress gradient resembles that observed in tempered glass, where compressive stress is lower at the edges than at the center, rendering edge regions structurally more vulnerable. To better understand and optimize the internal stress distribution, stress redistribution, and failure mechanisms under external loading, finite element simulations are recommended. These analyses can offer theoretical insights that support the practical design and application of UPM in engineering practice. Overall, this study introduces a new approach for mortar toughening and strength enhancement, providing a foundation for the development and application of unreinforced prestressing technology in thin-walled structures and structural repair projects.
, authors=Aofei LIANG, Zhendi WANG, Ling WANG, authorsList=Aofei LIANG, Zhendi WANG, Ling WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhendi WANG, authorNote=
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基于钢化玻璃的原理，提出了一种在不需要钢筋的条件下，利用基层约束面层膨胀的方法在砂浆内建立预压应力的增强方法。研究以硫铝酸钙类膨胀剂为膨胀源，系统探讨了基层和面层截面高度比（1.7~4.0）、面层膨胀剂掺量（2%~10%）以及界面粘结状态对砂浆抗折强度的影响规律，采用切割法和实时应变监测，对预应力的存在进行了验证。结果表明：抗折强度随着截面高度比的增加而增大，面层掺入6%膨胀剂，且截面高度比为4时，抗折强度达到了11.24 MPa；面层膨胀率增大，无筋预应力砂浆的抗折强度增加，面层掺入10%膨胀剂，28 d抗折强度增幅可达45%；采用非连续浇筑法，界面经粗糙处理并使用界面剂的无筋预应力砂浆抗折强度可达到12.33 MPa，最大折压比接近1∶3，界面粘结状态越好，对无筋预应力砂浆抗折强度的提升效果越好；对无筋预应力砂浆进行切割，监测到了最大1.68 MPa应力的释放过程，双重验证了砂浆中预应力的存在。研究提供了一种全新的砂浆增强和增韧方法，为无筋预应力技术在薄壁结构、修复工程中的应用提供了理论依据。
, authors=梁翱飞, 王振地, 王玲, authorsList=梁翱飞, 王振地, 王玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王振地, authorNote=
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王振地（1984—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师。
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LIANG Aofei (1997-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: laf1060699513@163.com
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LIANG Aofei (1997-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: laf1060699513@163.com
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梁翱飞（1997—），男，硕士研究生。
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梁翱飞（1997—），男，硕士研究生。
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