硅酸盐学报

退役光伏层压件关键有机组元共热解：比例差异对热解特性的影响机制

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张源忠 ¹^,²^,³ , 王建伟 ¹ , 顾菁 ²^,³ , 吴奔腾 ²^,³ , 袁浩然 ²^,³

硅酸盐学报 | 支撑碳中和目标的新能源材料与器件循环利用专题—研究论文 2025,53(8): 2100-2108

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硅酸盐学报 |支撑碳中和目标的新能源材料与器件循环利用专题—研究论文 2025 , 53 (8) : 2100 -2108

退役光伏层压件关键有机组元共热解：比例差异对热解特性的影响机制

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张源忠¹^,²^,³, 王建伟¹, 顾菁²^,³, 吴奔腾²^,³, 袁浩然²^,³

作者信息

^1．山东科技大学储能技术学院，山东青岛 266590

^2．中国科学院广州能源研究所，广州 510640

^3．广东省退役新能源器件高质循环利用重点实验室，广州 510640

通讯作者:

王建伟（1972—），男，博士，副教授。

作者简介:

张源忠（2000—），男，硕士研究生。

Co-pyrolysis of Key Organic Components in End-of-life Photovoltaic Laminates: Effect of Proportional Variations on Pyrolysis Mechanisms and Characteristics

Yuanzhong ZHANG¹^,²^,³, Jianwei WANG¹, Jing GU²^,³, Benteng WU²^,³, Haoran YUAN²^,³

Affiliations

^1.College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China

^2.Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

^3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Quality Recycling of End-of-Life New Energy Devices, Guangzhou 510640, China

Corresponding Author:

WANG Jianwei (1972-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: skd993920@sdust.edu.cn

ZHANG Yuanzhong (2000-), male, Master Candidate. E-mail: ZhangYZ0215@163.com

出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250120

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摘要

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热解作为回收处理退役光伏层压件的有效手段，可以深度去除层压件中的封装剂（EVA）和含氟背板（TPT）。本工作对不同质量比例EVA和TPT共热解特性、动力学及热解机理进行了研究。结果表明：共热解质量损失率随TPT占比减少而增加，当EVA和TPT质量比为5∶1时，质量损失率最大，为97.9%。TPT会促进结焦，降低共热解程度，当EVA和TPT质量比为2∶1时，理论热解程度和实际热解程度的差值总体为负，拮抗作用最为明显，平均活化能为245.1 kJ/mol。通过Coats-Redfern法拟合，共热解过程均遵循扩散机理，其中EVA和TPT质量比为2∶1、3.4∶1.0和5∶1时分别遵循扩散机理中的D5、D3和D6机制。

关键词

光伏层压件 / 共热解 / 拮抗效应 / 动力学

Abstract

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Introduction

China is a large country in the photovoltaic (PV) industry, with a vast amount of end-of-life (EOL) PV modules requiring proper management. However, encapsulants (EVA) and fluorine-containing backsheet (TPT) in PV laminates, as high molecular weight organic polymers, impede subsequent PV recycling processes. Pyrolysis is an effective means for recycling end-of-life PV laminates by removing the EVA and TPT. However, in practical pyrolysis processes, EVA and TPT are inevitably co-pyrolysis together. Due to variations in manufacturing methods, the proportion of organic components differs among PV laminate models, potentially affecting their co-pyrolysis behavior—A topic that remains underexplored. This study focuses on investigating the co-pyrolysis characteristics and mechanisms of EVA and TPT at different mixing mass ratios. Kinetic modeling was employed to analyze the heat loss behavior and determine the co-pyrolysis mechanisms.

Methods

The EVA hot melt adhesive used in the experiment was sourced from Jiacheng Plastics Co., Ltd (China) with a particle size lower than 100 mesh. The TPT was obtained from Youdisheng Electronic Materials Co., Ltd (China). The TPT was crushed, ground, and sieved to pass through a100 mesh standard sieve, and then dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 h. The mixing mass ratios of EVA and TPT were determined to be 5 ∶ 1, 3.4 ∶ 1.0, and 2 ∶ 1 through literature research and experimental validation.

A thermogravimetric analyzer (TG, STA 449 F5 Jupiter, NETZSCH) was used under an argon atmosphere with a flow rate of 50 mL/min. Samples of (10.0 ± 1.0) mg of EVA, TPT, and different ratios of their mixtures were placed in crucibles. The samples were heated from 50 ℃ to 800 ℃. Based on an extensive literature review, the heating rates of 10, 15, 20 ℃/min, and 25 ℃/min were selected. The synergistic effect was characterized using the difference between the theoretical and actual degrees of pyrolysis (ΔW) to investigate potential pyrolytic interactions during the co-pyrolysis process. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method (Model-free method) were employed to calculate the activation energy, and the Coats-Redfern (CR) method (Model-free method) was chosen to ascertain the pyrolysis reaction mechanism.

Results and discussion

The co-pyrolysis weight loss was divided into two stages, the first stage was treated at 300-380 ℃, which was mainly due to the deacetylation of EVA to produce acetic acid. The second stage was at 380-510 ℃, corresponding to the degradation of EVA and TPT long chains. At 800 ℃, the co-pyrolysis of EVA and TPT with the ratio of 2∶1 resulted in a total weight loss of approximately 94.5%, while ratios of 3.4∶1.0 and 5∶1 achieved higher total weight losses of 96.7% and 97.9%, respectively. As the proportion of TPT decreased, the total weight loss ratio of the mixture gradually increased, which may be due to the presence of PET in TPT. The presence of benzene rings in PET caused cross-linking of the product, generating more polyaromatic hydrocarbons and promoting coking. The overall synergistic interaction between EVA and TPT during co-pyrolysis was antagonistic effect. The antagonistic effect was most pronounced when the ratio of EVA to TPT was 2∶1, probably due to the increase in TPT, which made the coking more pronounced. The average activation energy of co-pyrolysis was higher than that of EVA and TPT pyrolysis alone, suggesting that more energy was required for co-pyrolysis, further supporting the antagonistic effect of co-pyrolysis. The average activation energies were 244.7-245.5, 239.6-240.1 kJ/mol and 261.2-262.8 kJ/mol for EVA and TPT mass ratios of 2∶1, 3.4∶1.0 and 5∶1, respectively. In order to further determine the reaction mechanism of the co-pyrolysis, the reaction mechanism of the co-pyrolysis process was explored using the CR method. The co-pyrolysis followed the diffusion controlled D5 model, D3 model, and D6 model for EVA and TPT mass ratios of 2∶1, 3.4∶1.0 and 5∶1, respectively. Changes in the mechanism functions of different ratios of co-pyrolysis further indicate the influence of the mass ratio of EVA and TPT on the interactions.

Conclusions

In this paper, the pyrolysis behaviour, kinetics and reaction mechanisms involved in the co-pyrolysis of EOL PV laminates at three mass ratios (2∶1, 3.4∶1.0 and 5∶1) of EVA and TPT were investigated, and key findings are as follows:

1) The main pyrolysis happens between 300 ℃ to 510 ℃. As the proportion of TPT decreased, total weight loss increased. Specifically, the weight loss rose from 94.5% to 97.9% as the EVA : TPT mass ratio increased from 2∶1 to 5∶1.

2) The degree of synergistic interaction varied with mixing ratio. TPT promoted char formation and reduced overall pyrolysis efficiency, particularly at the 2∶1 ratio, where its proportion was highest. This antagonistic effect was reflected by an average activation energy of 245.1 kJ/mol.

3) Coats-Redfern (CR) model fitting revealed that the co-pyrolysis of EVA and TPT followed diffusion-controlled mechanisms. The reaction models corresponded to D5, D3, and D6 for the 2∶1, 3.4∶1.0, and 5∶1 ratios, respectively.

This work provides mechanistic insights into the co-pyrolysis behavior of key organic components in PV laminates and offers theoretical support for the development of thermal recovery methods for waste PV modules.

Key words

photovoltaic laminates / co-pyrolysis / antagonistic effects / kinetics

引用本文

张源忠, 王建伟, 顾菁, 吴奔腾, 袁浩然. 退役光伏层压件关键有机组元共热解：比例差异对热解特性的影响机制. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2100 -2108 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250120

Yuanzhong ZHANG, Jianwei WANG, Jing GU, Benteng WU, Haoran YUAN. Co-pyrolysis of Key Organic Components in End-of-life Photovoltaic Laminates: Effect of Proportional Variations on Pyrolysis Mechanisms and Characteristics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2100 -2108 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250120

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3906201)
国家杰出青年科学基金(52325606)
中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-044)
内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0034)

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2025年第53卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250120

接收时间：2025-02-25
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-08-20

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收稿日期：2025-02-25
修回日期：2025-03-29

基金

国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3906201)

国家杰出青年科学基金(52325606)

中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-044)

内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0034)

作者信息

^1．山东科技大学储能技术学院，山东青岛 266590

^2．中国科学院广州能源研究所，广州 510640

^3．广东省退役新能源器件高质循环利用重点实验室，广州 510640

通讯作者:

王建伟（1972—），男，博士，副教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250120

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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