硅酸盐学报

梯度孔隙阳极对固体氧化物燃料电池蠕变损伤影响

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宋明 ¹ , 夏凡辰 ¹ , 王炳英 ² , 张玉财 ³ , 汪玉 ⁴ , 吴琼 ⁵

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(8): 2219-2228

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (8) : 2219 -2228

梯度孔隙阳极对固体氧化物燃料电池蠕变损伤影响

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宋明¹, 夏凡辰¹, 王炳英², 张玉财³, 汪玉⁴, 吴琼⁵

作者信息

^1．中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^2．中国石油大学（华东）材料科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^3．中国石油大学（华东）新能源学院，山东青岛 266580

^4．山东科技大学交通学院，山东青岛 266590

^5．中国石油大学（华东）海洋与空间信息学院，山东青岛 266580

通讯作者:

宋明（1984—），男，博士，副教授。

作者简介:

宋明（1984—），男，博士，副教授。

Effect of Gradient Porosity in Anodes on Creep Damage in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ming SONG¹, Fanchen XIA¹, Bingying WANG², Yucai ZHANG³, Yu WANG⁴, Qiong WU⁵

Affiliations

^1.College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

^2.College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

^3.College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

^4.College of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China

^5.College of Oceanography and space informatics, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China

Corresponding Author:

SONG Ming (1984-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: songmingx@gmail.com

出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250030

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摘要

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梯度孔隙阳极固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的多物理场耦合行为对其长期高温服役性能具有重要影响。本工作构建了电化学-气体流动-物质传递-温度-固体力学耦合的多物理场模型，并结合蠕变延性耗竭理论开发了蠕变损伤计算方法，研究了不均匀温度场条件下一种梯度孔隙阳极的SOFC蠕变损伤演化与裂纹扩展机制。结果表明：均匀温度场假设低估了SOFC构件中的等效应力，并改变了应力分布特征；梯度孔隙阳极设计使SOFC上连接体在64 kh时首先达到临界损伤值，裂纹萌生于燃料出口40 mm肋外表面，呈表面裂纹形态，并在80 kh时裂纹长度扩展至32 mm。通过对不同阳极孔隙率设计的蠕变损伤分析表明，梯度孔隙阳极设计的SOFC相比阳极孔隙率分别为0.2、0.3和0.4的均匀孔隙阳极SOFC，其寿命分别提高了31.4%、26.4%和17.9%。研究结果揭示了此种梯度孔隙阳极在长期高温服役中的潜在优势，为SOFC的结构优化设计提供了理论依据。

关键词

固体氧化物燃料电池 / 梯度孔隙阳极 / 多物理场耦合建模 / 延性耗竭理论 / 蠕变损伤

Abstract

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Introduction

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Compared with traditional power generation equipment, SOFC has the advantages of flexible fuel use, no noise, low emission and high conversion efficiency. SOFC operates at high temperatures (600-1000 ℃) for a long time, due to the mismatch of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion between anode-electrolyte-cathode electrode, metal connector and sealing material and the combined effect of temperature gradient. Even if the stress caused by mismatching is not enough to cause structural failure in a short time, the battery running under such stress for a long time at high temperature will cause large creep damage to each component, and the initiation of cracks will cause SOFC leakage.

The porosity of porous electrode is closely related to its thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, material diffusion, electrochemical reaction, effective conductivity, and other parameters, which is the main factor determining the performance of key SOFC components. When hydrogen is first supplied to the battery, the anode material will change, as well as the porosity of the anode layer, leading to variation on its physical and mechanical properties, which can affect its structural integrity and reliability under long-term high-temperature service conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of porous electrode porosity on the creep damage of SOFC at high temperature.

Methods

Based on the previous modeling and research of SOFC multi-physical field, the SOFC model of gradient pore anode under multi-field coupling is established. Then, according to the Wen-Tu creep damage model, the effect of anode porosity on SOFC creep damage was analyzed.

Considering that COMSOL Multiphysics has good multi-physics coupling ability and ABAQUS has strong nonlinear analysis and module development ability, the research method of COMSOL-ABAQUS is adopted. Firstly, the non-uniform temperature field calculated by COMSOL was applied to the node of the ABAQUS finite element model as a thermal load. Based on the creep model of ductile exhaustion theory and the damage mechanics model of continuum, the ABAQUS creep damage subroutine was written, and the USDFLD subroutine was embedded to simulate the creep damage and crack propagation law of single-channel SOFC. When ω=0.99 is defined, the crack initiation unit of the sample is regarded as the failure unit. According to the method proposed by Saanouni et al., the elastic modulus of the Gaussian point of the failure element is reduced to 1/10⁶ of the initial elastic modulus, so that the subsequent stress of the point is approximately zero, indicating that the bearing capacity is lost here. By combining the high efficiency of COMSOL and the strong nonlinear convergence of ABAQUS, SOFC finite element model is established to analyze the creep damage and crack propagation law of a single planar SOFC element.

Results and discussion

Compared with the assumed uniform temperature field, the maximum equivalent stress of the upper connector, anode support, anode functional layer 2, anode functional layer 1, electrolyte, cathode and lower connector is 95%, 88%, 95%, 91%, 48%, 65% and 96% higher than that of the uniform temperature field, respectively. Therefore, the assumption of uniform temperature field is not accurate enough, and the real temperature distribution obtained under the coupling of multiple physical fields is needed to analyze the creep damage evolution of SOFC.

The critical damage lifetime of SOFC connectors with gradient pore anodes is 31.4%, 26.4% and 17.9% longer than that of SOFC connectors with anode uniform porosity of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively.

Gradient pore anode design the upper connector of flat SOFC reaches the critical loss value at 64 kh, and the crack initiation, belonging to the surface crack, is located on the outer side of the 40 mm rib at the fuel outlet of the upper connector, and gradually expands to both sides. However, with the increase of time, the crack propagation rate gradually decreases, and the crack propagation almost stops at 80 kh. At this time, the crack length reaches a maximum of 32 mm, although it is a non-penetrating crack witch will not cause leakage, it is still a problem that cannot be ignored.

Conclusions

The main conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows: Compared with the assumed uniform temperature field, the maximum equivalent stress of each part of the flat plate SOFC under the coupling of multiple physical fields is higher than the predicted result under the uniform temperature field. The assumption that the uniform temperature field is not accurate enough requires the real temperature distribution obtained under the coupling of multiple physical fields to analyze the creep damage evolution of SOFC. At the same time, the critical damage life of SOFC connectors with gradient pore anodes is significantly longer than that of SOFC connectors with uniform anodes with different porosity. When the upper connector reaches the critical loss value, surface cracks are generated on the outer side of the fuel outlet rib of the upper connector and spread to both sides gradually, but with the increase of time, the crack propagation rate decreases gradually. Although it is a non-penetrating crack witch will not cause leakage, it is still a problem that cannot be ignored. This study shows that the gradient pore anode has potential advantages in long-term high temperature service and provides theoretical basis and data support for the structural integrity and reliability optimization design of SOFC structures.

Key words

solid oxide fuel cells / gradient porous anode / multi physics field coupling modeling / ductility depletion theory / creep damage

引用本文

宋明, 夏凡辰, 王炳英, 张玉财, 汪玉, 吴琼. 梯度孔隙阳极对固体氧化物燃料电池蠕变损伤影响. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2219 -2228 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250030

Ming SONG, Fanchen XIA, Bingying WANG, Yucai ZHANG, Yu WANG, Qiong WU. Effect of Gradient Porosity in Anodes on Creep Damage in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (8) : 2219 -2228 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250030

基金

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国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001501)
国家自然科学基金(51805543; 52275167; 52405160)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(23CX03009A)
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2022QE218)

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2025年第53卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250030

接收时间：2025-01-14
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-08-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-01-14
修回日期：2025-03-01

基金

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001501)

国家自然科学基金(51805543; 52275167; 52405160)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项(23CX03009A)

山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2022QE218)

作者信息

^1．中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^2．中国石油大学（华东）材料科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266580

^3．中国石油大学（华东）新能源学院，山东青岛 266580

^4．山东科技大学交通学院，山东青岛 266590

^5．中国石油大学（华东）海洋与空间信息学院，山东青岛 266580

通讯作者:

宋明（1984—），男，博士，副教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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