Article(id=1319726220447691331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726164160139662, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240697, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=1735833600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792576850282, onlineDateStr=2026-10-21, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792576850282, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792576850282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792576850282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319726164160139662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2025', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1777', pageEnd='2078', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752940800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792576836862, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792577335628, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319728256174117458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726164160139662, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319728256174117459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1319726164160139662, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2040, endPage=2052, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319726220653212228, articleId=1319726220447691331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Research Progress on the Optimization of Anode Microstructure in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, columnId=1263922772401635899, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a promising advanced energy device, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to rapid development and substantial achievements. Compared to other types of fuel cells, SOFCs have the advantages of an all-solid-state structure that facilitates assembly, a lack of reliance on precious metal catalysts, broad fuel compatibility, and favorable chemical reaction rates and transport kinetics. The SOFC electrode is a high-temperature-resistant, porous composite material with a complex geometric configuration at the microstructural level. These microstructural parameters play a crucial role in influencing SOFC performance. In fact, the cell's lifespan and efficiency are intimately tied to the microstructure of the electrode. Therefore, optimizing the microstructure of the anode is significant for addressing existing challenges in SOFC technology. Such optimization can lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the microstructure's functional role and provide a foundation for designing high-performance electrodes.

At present, research on the optimization of SOFC anode microstructure spans multiple fields and approaches. Advances in experimental techniques and simulation methods have enabled the quantification and virtual reconstruction of the SOFC anode microstructure, while improved fabrication methods have provided a more reliable basis for structural control. Consequently, research on optimizing the SOFC anode microstructure is expanding, with numerous emerging simulation and experimental approaches. This paper firstly reviews the current research status on anode microstructure, covering key materials of SOFC, characterization methods, three-dimensional reconstruction, quantitative simulations, and fabrication techniques. Subsequently, progress in anode optimization research, including simulation, experimental preparation, novel simulation techniques, and innovative fabrication methods, is discussed. Overall, SOFC anode microstructure optimization research has evolved from single-parameter improvement toward multi-objective optimization, with the aim of achieving breakthroughs not only in electrochemical performance but also in thermal performance and stability. This paper concludes with a summary and perspective, providing insights to guide further research on SOFC anode microstructure optimization.

Summary and prospects

To enhance the performance and lifespan of SOFCs, the academic community has undertaken multidisciplinary and multifaceted optimization research. Among these efforts, optimizing the microstructure of electrodes has yielded increasingly reliable results and remains a focal area of study, with numerous innovative approaches continuously emerging. The integration of advanced optimization methods has deepened researchers' understanding of the relationship between anode microstructure and the overall performance of SOFCs, enabling the intentional design of specific microstructural morphologies and the preparation of real samples for validation. Multi-objective optimization is anticipated to play a prominent role in future microstructural studies, opening new pathways for developing SOFC samples with controllable morphologies to further advance microstructural optimization.

Based on this foundation, the future directions for research include:

1) Employing modern advanced characterization techniques to comprehensively quantify the evolution of SOFC microstructure throughout its lifecycle. Building upon current observation and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, future research should systematically investigate microstructural changes in various states, including sintering preparation, operation, and degradation. Advances in image processing and analytical algorithms hold significant potential for providing a thorough understanding of SOFC microstructural behavior.

2) Integrating simulation and experimental preparation closely to identify the most effective anode microstructure. By decorating anodes with materials featuring specific morphologies, researchers can design electrodes with superior performance, promoting research into gradient anodes and anode modification. Active design of anode microstructures, with extensive use of multi-objective optimization methods, will allow for the successful fabrication of electrodes that meet anticipated performance targets. Further stability-enhancing strategies for SOFC anodes could be achieved by adjusting operating conditions and preparation techniques.

3) Increasing attention is being given to the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in SOFC optimization. Using machine learning to identify optimized parameters and ideal models, rather than relying on trial-and-error, can significantly streamline resource use. Deep learning will be a powerful tool in designing unique functional anodes. Additionally, nanoscale 3D printing—an economical and practical technology for producing electrodes with special microstructural features—holds great promise in microstructure optimization design and may facilitate the successful fabrication of advanced electrodes.

, authors=Yufeng DU, Ye HUANG, Huaan ZHENG, Tongqiang SHI, Xu ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Tao WEI, authorsList=Yufeng DU, Ye HUANG, Huaan ZHENG, Tongqiang SHI, Xu ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Tao WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

DU Yufeng (1999-), male, Master, Researcher. E-mail:

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作为潜力巨大的先进能源装置,固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)在近年来备受关注,发展迅速。为了提升SOFC综合性能,开展阳极微观结构的优化具有重要意义,其不仅探究了微观结构的作用机理,而且将指导高性能电极的制备。目前SOFC阳极微观结构的优化呈现多领域的状态,本文主要围绕Ni基金属陶瓷复合阳极,先整理观测重构和模拟制备的研究现状,再从仿真模拟和实验制备综述优化的进展,接着介绍新型仿真、新型制备的优化研究,最后完成总结和展望,旨在为未来SOFC阳极微观结构优化的方向提供指导。

, authors=杜宇峰, 黄晔, 郑化安, 师铜墙, 张旭, 张磊, 魏涛, authorsList=杜宇峰, 黄晔, 郑化安, 师铜墙, 张旭, 张磊, 魏涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杜宇峰(1999—),男,硕士,研究员。

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固体氧化物燃料电池阳极微观结构优化的研究进展
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杜宇峰 , 黄晔 , 郑化安 , 师铜墙 , 张旭 , 张磊 , 魏涛
硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2025,53(7): 2040-2052
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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2025 , 53 (7) : 2040 -2052
固体氧化物燃料电池阳极微观结构优化的研究进展
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杜宇峰 , 黄晔, 郑化安, 师铜墙, 张旭, 张磊, 魏涛
作者信息
  • 陕西氢能研究院有限公司,西安 712046
作者简介:

杜宇峰(1999—),男,硕士,研究员。

Research Progress on the Optimization of Anode Microstructure in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Yufeng DU , Ye HUANG, Huaan ZHENG, Tongqiang SHI, Xu ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Tao WEI
Affiliations
  • Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 712046, China
  • DU Yufeng (1999-), male, Master, Researcher. E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240697
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作为潜力巨大的先进能源装置,固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)在近年来备受关注,发展迅速。为了提升SOFC综合性能,开展阳极微观结构的优化具有重要意义,其不仅探究了微观结构的作用机理,而且将指导高性能电极的制备。目前SOFC阳极微观结构的优化呈现多领域的状态,本文主要围绕Ni基金属陶瓷复合阳极,先整理观测重构和模拟制备的研究现状,再从仿真模拟和实验制备综述优化的进展,接着介绍新型仿真、新型制备的优化研究,最后完成总结和展望,旨在为未来SOFC阳极微观结构优化的方向提供指导。

固体氧化物燃料电池  /  阳极  /  微观结构  /  优化

As a promising advanced energy device, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to rapid development and substantial achievements. Compared to other types of fuel cells, SOFCs have the advantages of an all-solid-state structure that facilitates assembly, a lack of reliance on precious metal catalysts, broad fuel compatibility, and favorable chemical reaction rates and transport kinetics. The SOFC electrode is a high-temperature-resistant, porous composite material with a complex geometric configuration at the microstructural level. These microstructural parameters play a crucial role in influencing SOFC performance. In fact, the cell's lifespan and efficiency are intimately tied to the microstructure of the electrode. Therefore, optimizing the microstructure of the anode is significant for addressing existing challenges in SOFC technology. Such optimization can lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the microstructure's functional role and provide a foundation for designing high-performance electrodes.

At present, research on the optimization of SOFC anode microstructure spans multiple fields and approaches. Advances in experimental techniques and simulation methods have enabled the quantification and virtual reconstruction of the SOFC anode microstructure, while improved fabrication methods have provided a more reliable basis for structural control. Consequently, research on optimizing the SOFC anode microstructure is expanding, with numerous emerging simulation and experimental approaches. This paper firstly reviews the current research status on anode microstructure, covering key materials of SOFC, characterization methods, three-dimensional reconstruction, quantitative simulations, and fabrication techniques. Subsequently, progress in anode optimization research, including simulation, experimental preparation, novel simulation techniques, and innovative fabrication methods, is discussed. Overall, SOFC anode microstructure optimization research has evolved from single-parameter improvement toward multi-objective optimization, with the aim of achieving breakthroughs not only in electrochemical performance but also in thermal performance and stability. This paper concludes with a summary and perspective, providing insights to guide further research on SOFC anode microstructure optimization.

Summary and prospects

To enhance the performance and lifespan of SOFCs, the academic community has undertaken multidisciplinary and multifaceted optimization research. Among these efforts, optimizing the microstructure of electrodes has yielded increasingly reliable results and remains a focal area of study, with numerous innovative approaches continuously emerging. The integration of advanced optimization methods has deepened researchers' understanding of the relationship between anode microstructure and the overall performance of SOFCs, enabling the intentional design of specific microstructural morphologies and the preparation of real samples for validation. Multi-objective optimization is anticipated to play a prominent role in future microstructural studies, opening new pathways for developing SOFC samples with controllable morphologies to further advance microstructural optimization.

Based on this foundation, the future directions for research include:

1) Employing modern advanced characterization techniques to comprehensively quantify the evolution of SOFC microstructure throughout its lifecycle. Building upon current observation and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, future research should systematically investigate microstructural changes in various states, including sintering preparation, operation, and degradation. Advances in image processing and analytical algorithms hold significant potential for providing a thorough understanding of SOFC microstructural behavior.

2) Integrating simulation and experimental preparation closely to identify the most effective anode microstructure. By decorating anodes with materials featuring specific morphologies, researchers can design electrodes with superior performance, promoting research into gradient anodes and anode modification. Active design of anode microstructures, with extensive use of multi-objective optimization methods, will allow for the successful fabrication of electrodes that meet anticipated performance targets. Further stability-enhancing strategies for SOFC anodes could be achieved by adjusting operating conditions and preparation techniques.

3) Increasing attention is being given to the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in SOFC optimization. Using machine learning to identify optimized parameters and ideal models, rather than relying on trial-and-error, can significantly streamline resource use. Deep learning will be a powerful tool in designing unique functional anodes. Additionally, nanoscale 3D printing—an economical and practical technology for producing electrodes with special microstructural features—holds great promise in microstructure optimization design and may facilitate the successful fabrication of advanced electrodes.

solid oxide fuel cell  /  anode  /  microstructure  /  optimization
杜宇峰, 黄晔, 郑化安, 师铜墙, 张旭, 张磊, 魏涛. 固体氧化物燃料电池阳极微观结构优化的研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (7) : 2040 -2052 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240697
Yufeng DU, Ye HUANG, Huaan ZHENG, Tongqiang SHI, Xu ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Tao WEI. Research Progress on the Optimization of Anode Microstructure in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (7) : 2040 -2052 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240697
  • 陕西省关键核心技术攻关(2024CY2-GJHX-19)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240697
  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-21
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
  • 修回日期:2025-01-03
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陕西省关键核心技术攻关(2024CY2-GJHX-19)
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    陕西氢能研究院有限公司,西安 712046
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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