硅酸盐学报

纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶的制备及其对甲醛的吸附性能

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尚尉 ¹ , 潘康康 ¹ , 王启成 ² , 孙墨杰 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2025,53(7): 1971-1980

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2025 , 53 (7) : 1971 -1980

纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶的制备及其对甲醛的吸附性能

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尚尉¹, 潘康康¹, 王启成², 孙墨杰¹

作者信息

^1．东北电力大学化学工程学院，吉林吉林 132012

^2．牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司，黑龙江牡丹江 157013

通讯作者:

尚尉（1981—），男，博士，副教授。

作者简介:

尚尉（1981—），男，博士，副教授。

Preparation and Formaldehyde Adsorption of Cellulose-Chitosan Composite Aerogel

Wei SHANG¹, Kangkang PAN¹, Qicheng WANG², Mojie SUN¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, China

^2.Mudanjiang Hengfeng Paper Co. Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, Heilongjiang, China

Corresponding Author:

SHANG Wei (1981-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: sw-d@163.com

出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240789

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摘要

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甲醛是一种主要的室内污染物，严重危害人们的身体健康，如何高效去除甲醛越来越受到人们的重视。以杨木粉和壳聚糖为原料，溴化锂（LiBr）水溶液为溶剂，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备水凝胶，再经过冷冻干燥得到纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶，并进行甲醛吸附测试。对气凝胶的化学组成、微观形貌、比表面积、孔体积和氨基含量等进行了研究。结果表明，经壳聚糖修饰的纤维素基气凝胶成功地引入了氨基，纤维素晶体出现了Ⅱ型晶体结构，并且产生了更为丰富的孔隙结构，比表面积和介孔体积分别提高59.43%和50.56%，实现了纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶的制备。在吸附平衡时，复合气凝胶的最大甲醛吸附量为15.681 mg/g，是纤维素基气凝胶6.7倍。可见，纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶能够有效去除空气中的甲醛。

关键词

纤维素 / 壳聚糖 / 气凝胶 / 甲醛

Abstract

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Introduction

Formaldehyde, as an indoor pollutant and carcinogen, exists commonly in building materials and furniture products, posing a serious threat to human health. To address this issue, cellulose aerogel materials with their porous network structure can effectively remove pollutants. Cellulose aerogels exhibit a great potential in the field of adsorption due to their advantages of abundant raw material sources and environmental friendliness. Chitosan, due to the presence of amino groups, is widely studied for various applications, particularly for formaldehyde adsorption. Its adsorption performance is especially remarkable, as it can form specific interactions with formaldehyde, enabling an efficient removal. In this paper, a commonly available poplar wood powder was used to directly extract cellulose from plant-based raw materials. Cellulose-chitosan composite aerogels were prepared by a sol-gel method for the adsorption of formaldehyde gas. The structure, morphology, and adsorption conditions of the composite aerogels were investigated to evaluate their performance.

Methods

The round-bottom flask containing formaldehyde aqueous solutions of different concentrations was placed in a heater of the gas device to vaporize the solution, allowing formaldehyde gas to fill the apparatus. After 2 h, the formaldehyde adsorption tests were initiated when the formaldehyde gas concentration in the device reached a stable level. Adsorption tests were conducted separately on chitosan, cellulose aerogel, and cellulose-chitosan composite aerogel. The adsorption experiment for chitosan lasted for 12 h, with samples collected every hour to measure the formaldehyde concentration. For cellulose aerogel and cellulose-chitosan composite aerogel, the adsorption experiments lasted for 2 h, with samples taken every 15 minutes to monitor the formaldehyde concentration.

Results and discussion

At a formaldehyde concentration of 8 mg/m³, the formaldehyde adsorption capacities at equilibrium for CS, CA, and CCA were 0.412, 2.336 mg/g, and 15.681 mg/g, respectively. CS exhibits the minimum adsorption performance, while CCA shows the most significant adsorption effect, outperforming CA. The removal efficiencies are 53.85%, 74.06%, and 98.00%, respectively when using 1 mg, 3 mg, and 5 mg of CCA at an initial formaldehyde concentration of 8 mg/m³. The 5 mg dosage of CCA achieves a removal efficiency of close to 100%, making it the most economical option for formaldehyde removal. Formaldehyde adsorption tests are conducted on 5 mg of CCA at different formaldehyde concentrations ranging from 2 mg/m³ to 16 mg/m³. The adsorption capacity increases significantly as the concentration increases from 2 mg/m³ to 8 mg/m³, indicating that formaldehyde concentration affects the adsorption performance. The maximum formaldehyde adsorption capacities at equilibrium for CCA-1, CCA-2, and CCA-4, with chitosan proportions of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% (in mass), are 13.264, 15.681 mg/g, and 15.877 mg/g, respectively. The difference in maximum adsorption capacities between CCA-2 and CCA-4 is relatively small, indicating that the optimal chitosan proportion is 0.1% to avoid resource wastage.

Conclusions

The results showed that the cellulose-chitosan composite aerogel exhibited a superior formaldehyde adsorption performance, compared to cellulose aerogel and pure chitosan. A significant advantage of introducing chitosan was its ability to specifically bind with formaldehyde, effectively enhancing the adsorption performance and broadening the application scope of cellulose aerogels, thereby achieving a high-value utilization of plant-based raw materials. Moreover, the composite aerogel demonstrated an effective adsorption at different formaldehyde concentrations, further expanding its applicability under varying conditions. In summary, the cellulose-chitosan composite aerogel exhibited excellent formaldehyde removal capabilities, showing a great potential for applications, particularly in household environments.

Key words

cellulose / chitosan / aerogel / formaldehyde

引用本文

尚尉, 潘康康, 王启成, 孙墨杰. 纤维素-壳聚糖复合气凝胶的制备及其对甲醛的吸附性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2025 , 53 (7) : 1971 -1980 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240789

Wei SHANG, Kangkang PAN, Qicheng WANG, Mojie SUN. Preparation and Formaldehyde Adsorption of Cellulose-Chitosan Composite Aerogel[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025 , 53 (7) : 1971 -1980 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240789

基金

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氨基功能化纤维素气凝胶的制备及吸附甲醛性能研究
吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH20210107KJ)
吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20210201058GX)

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2025年第53卷第7期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240789

接收时间：2024-12-10
首发时间：2026-10-21
出版时间：2025-07-20

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收稿日期：2024-12-10
修回日期：2024-12-29

基金

氨基功能化纤维素气凝胶的制备及吸附甲醛性能研究

吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH20210107KJ)

吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20210201058GX)

作者信息

^1．东北电力大学化学工程学院，吉林吉林 132012

^2．牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司，黑龙江牡丹江 157013

通讯作者:

尚尉（1981—），男，博士，副教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240789

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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