Article(id=1308544332676817733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250832, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=1765382400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789910880488, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1773244800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789910880488, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789910880488, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789910880488, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308544285121798644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789910869150, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789955421627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308731151825600702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308731151825600703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1634, endPage=1645, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308544332970419014, articleId=1308544332676817733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Activation Modification Mechanism of Steel Slag Based on Mineralization of Amine Carbon Dioxide Absorber, columnId=1308544284861759516, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Low-Carbon Cement and Solid Waste Resource Utilization—Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction

The carbon mineralization of solid wastes enables the simultaneous achievement of efficient CO2 capture and the activation enhancement of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag. However, the relatively low CO2 concentration in industrial flue gas, the direct mineralization reaction between CO2 on reaction of steel slag and the issue of low conversion efficiency should be concerned. This study was to employ a potassium glycinate (KG) solution to absorb and enrich CO2 from flue gas. The CO2-loaded KG solution was subsequently utilized to indirectly mineralize and modify BOF steel slag, thereby achieving both mineralization modification of steel slag powder and regeneration-recycling of the KG solution. The kinetic characteristics of the mineralization reaction between the CO2-loaded KG solution and steel slag were investigated. The phase composition of mineralization products, the carbon sequestration capacity of steel slag, and the evolution of its reactivity were analyzed. Furthermore, a synergistic carbon capture approach integrating steel slag mineralization modification with carbonation curing of cement paste was explored, and its influence on the mechanical strength of cement was evaluated. This study could provide a technical support for CO2 capture using steel slag and its high-value utilization in cement-based materials.

Methods

BOF steel slag with a CaO content of 37% was selected as a raw material. A 1 mol/L potassium glycinate (KG) solution was first carbonated to obtain a CO2-loaded solution, which was subsequently used to mineralize the steel slag for different durations. The residual CO2 loading in the mineralization filtrate was determined by acid-base titration. Combined with the measurements of pH value in the filtrate, the kinetic characteristics of steel slag mineralization at different reaction stages were elucidated, thereby identifying the optimal mineralization duration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to quantify the carbon sequestration capacity and characterize the crystalline phases of both mineralized steel slag and carbonation-cured cement paste at different mineralization durations. Furthermore, the pozzolanic activity after mineralization was evaluated by a strength activity index method, based on a 30% replacement ratio and 28-d compressive strength. In addition, the mineralized steel slag was incorporated as a supplementary cementitious material into cement-based systems and subjected to synergistic carbonation curing in CO2 atmosphere. The carbon sequestration efficiency and mechanical performance enhancement of mineralized steel slag under dual carbonation conditions were systematically assessed via compressive strength testing and microstructural phase analysis.

Results and discussion

This study proposes and validates a complete collaborative process route, confirming that the mineral carbonation modification of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution enhances its activity. The mineralized steel slag as an admixture can effectively improve the compressive strength of cement-based specimens. Compared with conventional organic amine solutions, the KG solution exhibits a faster CO2 adsorption rate and a better adsorption efficiency. Also, the mineralization of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution re-releases the CO2 adsorption capacity of the KG solution, which, can effectively reduce the cost of indirect carbon mineralization of steel slag with respect to the CO2 absorption effect in the first stage. The carbon mineralization product of steel slag contains calcite with an aragonite-like structure. The porous morphology of the product enhances its carbon sequestration capacity during the carbonation curing process of cement paste specimens. Furthermore, the metastable aragonite undergoes a dissolution-recrystallization effect during the curing process, effectively improving the early strength of cement-based materials.

Conclusions

This work evaluated the CO2 capture and steel slag mineralization kinetics using KG solution, as well as the resource utilization effects. The results showed that the reaction rate between steel slag and carbon-rich KG solution could be rapid within the first 120 min, with the CO2 reaction rate in KG reaching 92.8%. The calcium carbonate produced during the reaction encapsulated the steel slag particles, hindering the mineralization process, leading to a gradual slowdown of the reaction rate and stabilization in subsequent stages. After mineralization, the early activity of the steel slag was significantly enhanced, with a maximum 16.7% increase in 7-d compressive strength at a 10% dosage. Carbonation curing could effectively improve the early compressive strength of the steel slag cement paste. After 12 h of carbonation curing with 30% mineralized steel slag, the 7-d compressive strength was increased by 11.3%. The mineralization of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution resulted in the formation of calcium carbonate with an aragonite crystal structure. The encapsulated calcium carbonate mineralization product on the steel slag provided nucleation sites for C-S-H gel in the cement hydration process, thereby accelerating the hydration process. Furthermore, the transformation of metastable aragonite into calcite during carbonation curing could enhance the cement matrix, leading to a cementitious strengthening effect. This method could have significant application prospects for the resource utilization of steel slag.

, authors=Hanyi ZHANG, Tiefeng CHEN, Xiaojian GAO, authorsList=Hanyi ZHANG, Tiefeng CHEN, Xiaojian GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiefeng CHEN, authorNote=

ZHANG Hanyi (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN Tiefeng (1993-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail:
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固废碳矿化能同时实现CO2高效捕集和固废掺合料活性提升,是建材领域实现碳中和目标的重要技术选择之一。本工作利用甘氨酸钾(KG)溶液吸收CO2并对转炉钢渣进行间接矿化改性,研究了富碳KG溶液与钢渣矿化反应的动力学特征,分析了矿化产物的物相组成、钢渣固碳量及其活性变化规律,探索了钢渣矿化改性-水泥净浆碳化养护的协同碳捕集方法对力学强度的影响规律。结果表明:钢渣与富碳KG溶液在前120 min反应速率较快,KG中CO2反应率达到92.8%;矿化后,钢渣的早期活性显著提升,在10%掺量下7 d抗压强度最多可提升16.7%;碳化养护可有效改善钢渣水泥浆体的早期抗压强度,30%掺量矿化钢渣碳化养护12 h后,7 d抗压强度提高了11.3%;富碳KG溶液矿化钢渣有球霰石晶型碳酸钙生成,碳化养护过程发生球霰石向方解石的转变,可对水泥基体产生胶结强化效果。该研究为钢渣资源化利用与工业碳减排提供了高效、协同的技术路径,并有效提升了钢渣掺合料的活性。

, authors=张晗怡, 陈铁锋, 高小建, authorsList=张晗怡, 陈铁锋, 高小建, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈铁锋, authorNote=

张晗怡(2000—),女,硕士研究生。

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陈铁锋(1993—),男,博士,副教授。
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基于胺基二氧化碳吸附剂矿化反应的钢渣活化改性机理
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张晗怡 , 陈铁锋 , 高小建
硅酸盐学报 | 低碳水泥与固废资源化利用专题—研究论文 2026,54(5): 1634-1645
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硅酸盐学报 |低碳水泥与固废资源化利用专题—研究论文 2026 , 54 (5) : 1634 -1645
基于胺基二氧化碳吸附剂矿化反应的钢渣活化改性机理
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张晗怡 , 陈铁锋 , 高小建
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,哈尔滨 150090
通讯作者:
陈铁锋(1993—),男,博士,副教授。
作者简介:

张晗怡(2000—),女,硕士研究生。

Activation Modification Mechanism of Steel Slag Based on Mineralization of Amine Carbon Dioxide Absorber
Hanyi ZHANG , Tiefeng CHEN , Xiaojian GAO
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    CHEN Tiefeng (1993-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail:

    ZHANG Hanyi (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2026-03-12 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250832
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固废碳矿化能同时实现CO2高效捕集和固废掺合料活性提升,是建材领域实现碳中和目标的重要技术选择之一。本工作利用甘氨酸钾(KG)溶液吸收CO2并对转炉钢渣进行间接矿化改性,研究了富碳KG溶液与钢渣矿化反应的动力学特征,分析了矿化产物的物相组成、钢渣固碳量及其活性变化规律,探索了钢渣矿化改性-水泥净浆碳化养护的协同碳捕集方法对力学强度的影响规律。结果表明:钢渣与富碳KG溶液在前120 min反应速率较快,KG中CO2反应率达到92.8%;矿化后,钢渣的早期活性显著提升,在10%掺量下7 d抗压强度最多可提升16.7%;碳化养护可有效改善钢渣水泥浆体的早期抗压强度,30%掺量矿化钢渣碳化养护12 h后,7 d抗压强度提高了11.3%;富碳KG溶液矿化钢渣有球霰石晶型碳酸钙生成,碳化养护过程发生球霰石向方解石的转变,可对水泥基体产生胶结强化效果。该研究为钢渣资源化利用与工业碳减排提供了高效、协同的技术路径,并有效提升了钢渣掺合料的活性。

甘氨酸钾  /  碳捕集  /  解吸附  /  矿化钢渣  /  抗压强度
Introduction

The carbon mineralization of solid wastes enables the simultaneous achievement of efficient CO2 capture and the activation enhancement of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag. However, the relatively low CO2 concentration in industrial flue gas, the direct mineralization reaction between CO2 on reaction of steel slag and the issue of low conversion efficiency should be concerned. This study was to employ a potassium glycinate (KG) solution to absorb and enrich CO2 from flue gas. The CO2-loaded KG solution was subsequently utilized to indirectly mineralize and modify BOF steel slag, thereby achieving both mineralization modification of steel slag powder and regeneration-recycling of the KG solution. The kinetic characteristics of the mineralization reaction between the CO2-loaded KG solution and steel slag were investigated. The phase composition of mineralization products, the carbon sequestration capacity of steel slag, and the evolution of its reactivity were analyzed. Furthermore, a synergistic carbon capture approach integrating steel slag mineralization modification with carbonation curing of cement paste was explored, and its influence on the mechanical strength of cement was evaluated. This study could provide a technical support for CO2 capture using steel slag and its high-value utilization in cement-based materials.

Methods

BOF steel slag with a CaO content of 37% was selected as a raw material. A 1 mol/L potassium glycinate (KG) solution was first carbonated to obtain a CO2-loaded solution, which was subsequently used to mineralize the steel slag for different durations. The residual CO2 loading in the mineralization filtrate was determined by acid-base titration. Combined with the measurements of pH value in the filtrate, the kinetic characteristics of steel slag mineralization at different reaction stages were elucidated, thereby identifying the optimal mineralization duration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to quantify the carbon sequestration capacity and characterize the crystalline phases of both mineralized steel slag and carbonation-cured cement paste at different mineralization durations. Furthermore, the pozzolanic activity after mineralization was evaluated by a strength activity index method, based on a 30% replacement ratio and 28-d compressive strength. In addition, the mineralized steel slag was incorporated as a supplementary cementitious material into cement-based systems and subjected to synergistic carbonation curing in CO2 atmosphere. The carbon sequestration efficiency and mechanical performance enhancement of mineralized steel slag under dual carbonation conditions were systematically assessed via compressive strength testing and microstructural phase analysis.

Results and discussion

This study proposes and validates a complete collaborative process route, confirming that the mineral carbonation modification of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution enhances its activity. The mineralized steel slag as an admixture can effectively improve the compressive strength of cement-based specimens. Compared with conventional organic amine solutions, the KG solution exhibits a faster CO2 adsorption rate and a better adsorption efficiency. Also, the mineralization of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution re-releases the CO2 adsorption capacity of the KG solution, which, can effectively reduce the cost of indirect carbon mineralization of steel slag with respect to the CO2 absorption effect in the first stage. The carbon mineralization product of steel slag contains calcite with an aragonite-like structure. The porous morphology of the product enhances its carbon sequestration capacity during the carbonation curing process of cement paste specimens. Furthermore, the metastable aragonite undergoes a dissolution-recrystallization effect during the curing process, effectively improving the early strength of cement-based materials.

Conclusions

This work evaluated the CO2 capture and steel slag mineralization kinetics using KG solution, as well as the resource utilization effects. The results showed that the reaction rate between steel slag and carbon-rich KG solution could be rapid within the first 120 min, with the CO2 reaction rate in KG reaching 92.8%. The calcium carbonate produced during the reaction encapsulated the steel slag particles, hindering the mineralization process, leading to a gradual slowdown of the reaction rate and stabilization in subsequent stages. After mineralization, the early activity of the steel slag was significantly enhanced, with a maximum 16.7% increase in 7-d compressive strength at a 10% dosage. Carbonation curing could effectively improve the early compressive strength of the steel slag cement paste. After 12 h of carbonation curing with 30% mineralized steel slag, the 7-d compressive strength was increased by 11.3%. The mineralization of steel slag with carbon-rich KG solution resulted in the formation of calcium carbonate with an aragonite crystal structure. The encapsulated calcium carbonate mineralization product on the steel slag provided nucleation sites for C-S-H gel in the cement hydration process, thereby accelerating the hydration process. Furthermore, the transformation of metastable aragonite into calcite during carbonation curing could enhance the cement matrix, leading to a cementitious strengthening effect. This method could have significant application prospects for the resource utilization of steel slag.

potassium glycinate  /  carbon capture  /  desorption  /  mineralized steel slag  /  compressive strength
张晗怡, 陈铁锋, 高小建. 基于胺基二氧化碳吸附剂矿化反应的钢渣活化改性机理. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1634 -1645 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250832
Hanyi ZHANG, Tiefeng CHEN, Xiaojian GAO. Activation Modification Mechanism of Steel Slag Based on Mineralization of Amine Carbon Dioxide Absorber[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1634 -1645 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250832
  • 国家自然科学基金(52578275)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250832
  • 接收时间:2025-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2026-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11
  • 修回日期:2025-12-11
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    哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,哈尔滨 150090

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陈铁锋(1993—),男,博士,副教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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