硅酸盐学报

本征自感知超高性能混凝土研究进展与发展

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李林威 ¹^,² , 丁思齐 ³ , 王欣悦 ⁴ , 张立卿 ⁵ , 荣辉 ¹ , 李洪艳 ⁶ , 冉千平 ⁶ , 韩宝国 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 水泥基材料增强增韧及其复合材料专题—综合评述 2026,54(5): 1770-1783

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硅酸盐学报 |水泥基材料增强增韧及其复合材料专题—综合评述 2026 , 54 (5) : 1770 -1783

本征自感知超高性能混凝土研究进展与发展

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李林威¹^,², 丁思齐³, 王欣悦⁴, 张立卿⁵, 荣辉¹, 李洪艳⁶, 冉千平⁶, 韩宝国²

作者信息

^1．天津城建大学材料科学与工程学院，天津 300384

^2．大连理工大学建设工程学院，辽宁大连 116024

^3．香港理工大学土木及环境工程学系，香港 999077，中国

^4．天津大学建筑工程学院，天津 300072

^5．华东交通大学土木建筑学院，南昌 330013

^6．重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室，东南大学材料科学与工程学院，南京 211189

通讯作者:

丁思齐（1991—），男，博士，助理教授

韩宝国（1976—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

李林威（1995—），女，博士，讲师。

Research Progress on Intrinsic Self-Sensing Ultra-High Performance Concretes

Linwei LI¹^,², Siqi DING³, Xinyue WANG⁴, Liqing ZHANG⁵, Hui RONG¹, Hongyan LI⁶, Qianping RAN⁶, Baoguo HAN²

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China

^2.School of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China

^3.Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

^4.School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

^5.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

^6.State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Corresponding Author:

DING Siqi (1991-), male, Ph.D., Assistant Professor. E-mail: s.q.ding@connect.polyu.hk

HAN Baoguo (1976-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: hanbaoguo@dlut.edu.cn

LI Linwei (1995-), female, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: llwtcu@outloook.com; linweili@tcu.edu.cn

出版时间: 2025-09-09 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250469

文章导航

摘要

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超高性能混凝土（UHPC）因具有高强度、高韧性、高耐久性，而在超高建筑或超大跨度民用、军事国防以及复杂或极端服役环境等领域的基础设施建设中展现出广阔的应用前景。而此类基础设施对服役安全性和韧性通常有严苛要求，因此发展原位、实时、全寿命的结构健康监测技术具有重要意义。UHPC不含粗骨料且制备中使用钢纤维，因而具备了自感知性能的原材料组成“基因”，同时复合功能填料也可协同提高UHPC力学性能并可提升其本征感知特性。本征自感知超高性能混凝土（SSUHPC）既可构建整体结构，又可作为涂层、预制/装配式构件、嵌入式传感器布设/埋入结构关键位置，其与基础设施具有等同寿命，为发展“数智化”基础设施实现原位监测提供了新途径。基于此，本文首先简要介绍了UHPC的发展概况；简要概括了UHPC组成-工艺-结构-性能特点及应用其发展SSUHPC的材料“基因”优势；深入分析了SSUHPC在不同荷载（包括受压、拉伸和弯曲等）作用下的自感知行为及其机理，同时提出了优化SSUHPC的建议；最后，详细总结了SSUHPC在当前科学研究和工程应用中发展面临的挑战，并提出了具体的解决策略。

关键词

超高性能混凝土 / 本征自感知 / 原位监测 / 智能 / 基础设施

Abstract

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Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is fabricated via optimizing the fineness and reactivity of its constituents and employing thermal curing to modify the composition and structure of hydration products. These techniques minimize internal defects, resulting in a highly homogeneous and dense matrix with strong matrix-aggregate interfacial bonding. Also, the use of steel fibers effectively addresses the inherent brittleness, low tensile, and poor impact resistance of conventional cementitious materials. Consequently, UHPC exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, durability, and workability, while possessing the intrinsic material "gene" necessary for the development of self-sensing capabilities. Self-sensing ultra-high performance concrete (SSUHPC) extends the functionality of conventional UHPC via enabling in-situ self-monitoring, thereby providing a guarantee for enhancing safety and service life of UHPC structures. SSUHPC can be also implemented as an integrated structural element, surface coating, prefabricated component, or embedded sensors within infrastructure, providing a solution for the advancement of digital-intelligent infrastructure.

This review comprehensively represents the material composition, self-sensing properties and mechanisms, engineering applications, current challenges, and future strategies for SSUHPC. The existing research status of SSUHPC is summarized. The composition, fabrication, microstructure and performance characteristics of UHPC are analyzed, highlighting its intrinsic material "gene" that underpins the development of SSUHPC. The primary and most crucial material "gene" is steel fibers, which provide both excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Their one-dimensional morphology allows a uniform dispersion within the matrix, forming and strengthening the conductive network. The same important material "gene" is the sole use of fine aggregates without coarse aggregates, which avoids a disruption of the conductive network and enhances its integrity. In addition, highly reactive fine components, such as silica fume and mineral powder, can be also regarded as the third material "gene" due to the compact microstructure that supports the long-term stability of self-sensing properties. The review further discusses the role of functional fillers, particularly carbon-based fillers like carbon black and graphene, which complement steel fibers to establish robust conductive networks. These fillers introduce a large number of free electrons, forming the fourth conductive pathway, i.e., intrinsic conductive pathway of functional fillers, which synergistically improves both mechanical properties and self-sensing capabilities of SSUHPC. The sensing properties (i.e., sensing properties under compression, tension, and bending) of SSUHPC are reviewed, along with the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors. The sensing properties under compression arise from a reduction in filler spacing, which enhances contact conductivity, quantum tunneling, and field emission effects, thereby decreasing electrical resistivity. Sensing properties under tension are primarily governed by the disruption of conductive pathways due to microcracking and filler-matrix interface debonding, resulting in an increased electrical resistivity. The dense microstructure and high elastic modulus of SSUHPC limit its compressive deformation, resulting in a less pronounced sensing performance under compression, compared to under tension, which is better captured due to the material's inherent brittleness. This is because the fractional resistivity change can accurately characterize the entire tensile behavior from elastic deformation, plastic deformation to failure of SSUHPC, and even allow for quantitative characterization. Sensing properties under flexure represent a combination of the characteristics observed in both the compressive and tensile zones. Regardless of load type, the material "gene", i.e., functional filler composition and content, fundamentally governs the sensing properties, followed by environment factors (i.e., temperature and humility) and measurement methods (i.e., electrode materials and configurations). The resistance measurements can reveal percolation threshold and dominant conductive mechanism (i.e., ionic or electronic conduction) of SSUHPC, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the material design and measurement protocols. For instance, if ionic conduction is dominant, appropriate testing methods (i.e., measurement after drying) can improve the repeatability of sensing performance and reduce noise, or improving a functional filler content to shift ionic conduction to electronic conduction. Finally, the review summarizes the challenges of SSUHPC in the existing scientific research and engineering applications, proposes the corresponding strategies, and draws future development roadmaps. Some key areas include large-scale and low-cost manufacturing, in-depth understanding of sensing mechanisms and modeling, long-term sensing capacity and evolution models, design/optimization/software/hardware integration of intelligent structural system, development of "digital-intelligence" and resilient infrastructure for the future information environment, and development and establishment of relevant regulations/specifications/standards.

Summary and prospect

Functional fillers, such as steel fibers, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, introduce a large number of free electrons into UHPC, becoming a conductive material "gene" of UHPC for the establishment of the intrinsic conductive path. The material "gene" simultaneously endows UHPC with excellent mechanical, durability, and sensing capabilities, facilitating in-situ monitoring of the impacts of loads and environment on infrastructure. This provides a crucial data support for infrastructure operation and maintenance, paving a way for infrastructure "digital-intelligence". SSUHPC as a high-performance/intelligent/multifunctional material with digital-intelligent characteristics is expected to transcend the boundaries between functional and structural materials, achieving structural-functional integration and functional diversification, thereby driving a paradigm shift in the field of civil engineering.

Key words

ultra-high performance concrete / intrinsic self-sensing / in-situ monitoring / intelligent / infrastructure

引用本文

李林威, 丁思齐, 王欣悦, 张立卿, 荣辉, 李洪艳, 冉千平, 韩宝国. 本征自感知超高性能混凝土研究进展与发展. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1770 -1783 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250469

Linwei LI, Siqi DING, Xinyue WANG, Liqing ZHANG, Hui RONG, Hongyan LI, Qianping RAN, Baoguo HAN. Research Progress on Intrinsic Self-Sensing Ultra-High Performance Concretes[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1770 -1783 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250469

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52308236; 52368031; 52508311)
全国建材行业重大科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023JBGS10-02)
辽宁省自然联合基金(2023-BSBA-077)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20231088)
中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT24GJ202)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M750410)
香港研资局优配基金项目(15229525)

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2026年第54卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250469

接收时间：2025-06-14
首发时间：2026-09-20
出版时间：2025-09-09

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-06-14
修回日期：2025-07-28

基金

国家自然科学基金(52308236; 52368031; 52508311)

全国建材行业重大科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023JBGS10-02)

辽宁省自然联合基金(2023-BSBA-077)

江苏省自然科学基金(BK20231088)

中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT24GJ202)

中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M750410)

香港研资局优配基金项目(15229525)

作者信息

^1．天津城建大学材料科学与工程学院，天津 300384

^2．大连理工大学建设工程学院，辽宁大连 116024

^3．香港理工大学土木及环境工程学系，香港 999077，中国

^4．天津大学建筑工程学院，天津 300072

^5．华东交通大学土木建筑学院，南昌 330013

^6．重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室，东南大学材料科学与工程学院，南京 211189

通讯作者:

丁思齐（1991—），男，博士，助理教授

韩宝国（1976—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250469

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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