Article(id=1308544312388976976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250503, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=1754150400000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789910875650, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789910875650, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789910875650, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789910875650, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308544285121798644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='5', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789910869150, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789955421627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308731151825600702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308731151825600703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1308544285121798644, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1835, endPage=1859, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308544314435797329, articleId=1308544312388976976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Neuromorphic Devices: Fabrication, Mechanism, and Applications, columnId=1263922772401635899, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the information era, conventional silicon-based chips face significant challenges to meet the demands of real-time data processing, device miniaturization, and low-power operation due to the short-channel effects, leakage current control, and quantum effects. The von Neumann architecture, with its separation of computing and storage units, leads to a bottleneck that the massive data transfer between units consumes a substantial energy and reduces a system efficiency. To address these issues, neuromorphic computing systems based on memristors have attracted much attention. These systems integrate storage and computing together, thus enhancing a computational efficiency and reducing an energy consumption. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomic-scale thickness, free of dangling bonds on the surface, and tunable properties, emerge as promising candidates for key materials in neuromorphic computing.

This review provides a comprehensive overview on the applications of 2D materials in neuromorphic computing. The synthesis methods of 2D materials and their heterojunctions are introduced, and then various architectures and operating principles of 2D neuromorphic devices are discussed. The review also represents the unique advantages of 2D materials, such as their high carrier mobility and excellent mechanical flexibility, which make them suitable for a wide range of applications, including wearable devices, biosensors, and implantable medical devices. In terms of device structures, the review mainly covers two-terminal memristors and three-terminal synaptic transistors. Two-terminal memristors, with their simple structure and high scalability, are ideal for high-density memristor crossbar arrays. Three-terminal synaptic transistors offer a more controllable performance and a better stability. The review explores emerging multi-terminal heterosynaptic devices, which can simulate more complex synaptic behaviors.

This review further examines the integration of 2D materials into neuromorphic systems, including in-memory computing architectures and sensory-processing-computing integrated systems. In-memory computing architectures, such as memristor crossbar arrays, leverage the non-volatile storage and multi-resistance states of memristors to directly simulate neural network node weights and perform parallel matrix operations. Sensory-processing-computing integrated systems utilize the unique response properties of 2D materials to collect environmental signals, such as light, gas, and sound, as well as integrate sensing modules with in-memory computing to achieve efficient data processing.

This review addresses the challenges of applying 2D materials to neuromorphic computing, including material preparation, device design, and system integration. While laboratory-scale preparation methods like mechanical exfoliation can yield high-quality 2D materials, they are not suitable for large-scale integration. Wafer-scale growth methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), offer a better scalability but face some challenges in controlling the number of layers, achieving a uniform thickness or a high production efficiency. In terms of device design, 2D neuromorphic devices exhibit diverse architectures and operating principles, such as conductive filaments, phase changes, and defect engineering. However, further efforts are needed to reduce power consumption and improve cyclic stability.

Summary and Prospects

The review outlines future research directions, such as the development of large-area material growth and transfer techniques, the design of novel device structures, and the integration of multi-functional systems. 2D materials are expected to play a crucial role in the advancement of neuromorphic computing through interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous innovation, paving a way for the development of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data technologies.

, authors=Jiayuan CHEN, Chenghui WU, Kai LIU, authorsList=Jiayuan CHEN, Chenghui WU, Kai LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kai LIU, authorNote=

CHEN Jiayuan (2002-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

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LIU Kai (1981-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:
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与基于冯·诺依曼架构的传统计算机系统不同,神经形态计算系统具有存算一体的特性,避免了存储与计算单元之间的大量数据交换,提高了计算效率并大幅降低了能耗。二维材料具有原子级厚度、表面无悬挂键和性能可调等优势,是神经形态器件关键材料的有力候选者。本文综述了近年来在二维材料及其神经形态器件与系统方面的研究进展,首先介绍了二维材料的基本特性与制备方法,然后讨论了二维神经形态器件的结构与工作机制,进一步展示了其在存算一体二维神经形态器件与系统、感存算一体智能电子器件与系统以及复杂环境神经形态器件等方面的应用,最后探讨了二维材料和器件应用于神经形态计算面临的机遇与挑战。

, authors=陈嘉远, 武程辉, 刘锴, authorsList=陈嘉远, 武程辉, 刘锴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘锴, authorNote=

陈嘉远(2002—),男,博士研究生。

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刘锴(1981—),男,博士,教授。
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二维材料及其神经形态器件与系统:制备、机制与应用
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陈嘉远 , 武程辉 , 刘锴
硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(5): 1835-1859
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二维材料及其神经形态器件与系统:制备、机制与应用
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陈嘉远 , 武程辉, 刘锴
作者信息
  • 清华大学材料学院,新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室,北京 100084
通讯作者:
刘锴(1981—),男,博士,教授。
作者简介:

陈嘉远(2002—),男,博士研究生。

Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Neuromorphic Devices: Fabrication, Mechanism, and Applications
Jiayuan CHEN , Chenghui WU, Kai LIU
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Kai (1981-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:

    CHEN Jiayuan (2002-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250503
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与基于冯·诺依曼架构的传统计算机系统不同,神经形态计算系统具有存算一体的特性,避免了存储与计算单元之间的大量数据交换,提高了计算效率并大幅降低了能耗。二维材料具有原子级厚度、表面无悬挂键和性能可调等优势,是神经形态器件关键材料的有力候选者。本文综述了近年来在二维材料及其神经形态器件与系统方面的研究进展,首先介绍了二维材料的基本特性与制备方法,然后讨论了二维神经形态器件的结构与工作机制,进一步展示了其在存算一体二维神经形态器件与系统、感存算一体智能电子器件与系统以及复杂环境神经形态器件等方面的应用,最后探讨了二维材料和器件应用于神经形态计算面临的机遇与挑战。

二维材料  /  忆阻器  /  突触器件  /  神经形态计算  /  存算一体

In the information era, conventional silicon-based chips face significant challenges to meet the demands of real-time data processing, device miniaturization, and low-power operation due to the short-channel effects, leakage current control, and quantum effects. The von Neumann architecture, with its separation of computing and storage units, leads to a bottleneck that the massive data transfer between units consumes a substantial energy and reduces a system efficiency. To address these issues, neuromorphic computing systems based on memristors have attracted much attention. These systems integrate storage and computing together, thus enhancing a computational efficiency and reducing an energy consumption. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomic-scale thickness, free of dangling bonds on the surface, and tunable properties, emerge as promising candidates for key materials in neuromorphic computing.

This review provides a comprehensive overview on the applications of 2D materials in neuromorphic computing. The synthesis methods of 2D materials and their heterojunctions are introduced, and then various architectures and operating principles of 2D neuromorphic devices are discussed. The review also represents the unique advantages of 2D materials, such as their high carrier mobility and excellent mechanical flexibility, which make them suitable for a wide range of applications, including wearable devices, biosensors, and implantable medical devices. In terms of device structures, the review mainly covers two-terminal memristors and three-terminal synaptic transistors. Two-terminal memristors, with their simple structure and high scalability, are ideal for high-density memristor crossbar arrays. Three-terminal synaptic transistors offer a more controllable performance and a better stability. The review explores emerging multi-terminal heterosynaptic devices, which can simulate more complex synaptic behaviors.

This review further examines the integration of 2D materials into neuromorphic systems, including in-memory computing architectures and sensory-processing-computing integrated systems. In-memory computing architectures, such as memristor crossbar arrays, leverage the non-volatile storage and multi-resistance states of memristors to directly simulate neural network node weights and perform parallel matrix operations. Sensory-processing-computing integrated systems utilize the unique response properties of 2D materials to collect environmental signals, such as light, gas, and sound, as well as integrate sensing modules with in-memory computing to achieve efficient data processing.

This review addresses the challenges of applying 2D materials to neuromorphic computing, including material preparation, device design, and system integration. While laboratory-scale preparation methods like mechanical exfoliation can yield high-quality 2D materials, they are not suitable for large-scale integration. Wafer-scale growth methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), offer a better scalability but face some challenges in controlling the number of layers, achieving a uniform thickness or a high production efficiency. In terms of device design, 2D neuromorphic devices exhibit diverse architectures and operating principles, such as conductive filaments, phase changes, and defect engineering. However, further efforts are needed to reduce power consumption and improve cyclic stability.

Summary and Prospects

The review outlines future research directions, such as the development of large-area material growth and transfer techniques, the design of novel device structures, and the integration of multi-functional systems. 2D materials are expected to play a crucial role in the advancement of neuromorphic computing through interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous innovation, paving a way for the development of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data technologies.

two-dimensional materials  /  memristors  /  synaptic devices  /  neuromorphic computing  /  in-memory computing
陈嘉远, 武程辉, 刘锴. 二维材料及其神经形态器件与系统:制备、机制与应用. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1835 -1859 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250503
Jiayuan CHEN, Chenghui WU, Kai LIU. Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Neuromorphic Devices: Fabrication, Mechanism, and Applications[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (5) : 1835 -1859 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250503
  • 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52388201)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250503
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 修回日期:2025-08-03
基金
国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52388201)
作者信息
    清华大学材料学院,新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室,北京 100084

通讯作者:

刘锴(1981—),男,博士,教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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