硅酸盐学报

钛合金表面微弧诱导MoS₂纳米复合涂层组织结构与摩擦磨损性能

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孙佳硕 ¹^,² , 邹永纯 ¹^,²^,³ , 王树棋 ¹^,² , 黄磊 ⁴^,⁵ , 陈国梁 ¹^,² , 叶志云 ¹^,² , 王亚明 ¹^,² , 周玉 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 第15届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题(一)——研究论文 2026,54(4): 1220-1228

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硅酸盐学报 | 第15届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题(一)——研究论文 2026, 54(4): 1220-1228

钛合金表面微弧诱导MoS₂纳米复合涂层组织结构与摩擦磨损性能

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孙佳硕¹^,², 邹永纯¹^,²^,³, 王树棋¹^,², 黄磊⁴^,⁵, 陈国梁¹^,², 叶志云¹^,², 王亚明¹^,², 周玉¹^,²

作者信息

^1．哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，特种陶瓷研究所，哈尔滨 150080

^2．哈尔滨工业大学，先进结构功能一体化材料与绿色制造技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001

^3．哈尔滨工业大学，分析测试中心，哈尔滨 150080

^4．海洋腐蚀与防护全国重点实验室，河南洛阳 471000

^5．洛阳船舶材料研究所，河南洛阳 471000

孙佳硕（2001—），男，硕士研究生。

SUN Jiashuo (2001-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: jiashuosun@foxmail.com

通讯作者:

邹永纯（1990—），男，博士，研究员

王亚明（1978—），男，博士，教授。

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Microarc Induced MoS₂ Nanocomposite Coatings on Titanium Alloy

Jiashuo SUN¹^,², Yongchun ZOU¹^,²^,³, Shuqi WANG¹^,², Lei HUANG⁴^,⁵, Guoliang CHEN¹^,², Zhiyun YE¹^,², Yaming WANG¹^,², Yu ZHOU¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China

^2.Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

^3.Center for Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China

^4.National Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China

^5.Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China

出版时间: 2026-01-29 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250797

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摘要

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钛合金耐磨涂层的设计与制备对于提升其耐磨性能及延长服役寿命具有重要意义。本工作提出采用微弧氧化一步法在Ti-6Al-4V表面诱导MoS₂纳米颗粒沉积，形成TiO₂/MoS₂复合涂层，并探讨了不同微弧氧化处理电压对TiO₂/MoS₂复合涂层成分、微观结构以及摩擦性能的影响。结果表明，当施加500 V微弧氧化处理电压时，涂层摩擦系数为0.2，相较基体降低69.2%，涂层中MoS₂在摩擦副与涂层的相互作用下形成含MoS₂自润滑薄膜，表现出良好的减摩性能。

关键词

钛合金 / 微弧氧化 / 二硫化钼 / 减摩性能

Abstract

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Introduction

Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, its inherently poor wear resistance significantly limits its further application. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a green and efficient method for in-situ fabrication of ceramic coatings with strong adhesion to the substrate, offering an excellent solution for surface protection of titanium alloys. However, conventional PEO coatings exhibit a porous outer layer composed mainly of high friction TiO₂, resulting in insufficient wear and friction reduction performance. To overcome this limitation, incorporating MoS₂ (a solid lubricant with a layered structure) can be introduced to the PEO coating to form a composite coating, which has been demonstrated as an effective approach to enhance its tribological properties. Although previous studies have confirmed the potential value of TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coatings in antifriction, most studies rely on high concentrations of MoS₂ additives or prolonged treatment times, which often lead to particle agglomeration and high energy consumption. Even at lower concentrations, the friction coefficient remains high, and systematic studies on the influence of key process parameters, such as applied voltage are still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate the effects of different PEO voltages on the microstructure, chemical composition, and tribological properties of TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coatings under low MoS₂ concentration and short processing time, so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the design and fabrication of high-performance wear resistant and antifriction coatings.

Methods

In this study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy was employed as the substrate. TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coatings were fabricated in a single-step process via PEO with incorporation of MoS₂ nanoparticles. The applied voltage was varied at 400, 500 V, and 600 V. The influence of voltage on the coating surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Localized chemical analysis of different regions on the coating surface was performed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached to the SEM. Phase composition was further determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated using a ball-on-disk friction and wear tester.

Results and Discussion

The test results demonstrate that as the PEO applied voltage increases, the pore size, coating thickness, surface roughness, and deposited MoS₂ content of the coatings all increase. Tribological tests on samples prepared at different voltages demonstrated that the coating produced at 500 V exhibited the lowest friction coefficient of approximately 0.2, representing a 69.2% reduction compared to the substrate, indicating excellent antifriction performance. In contrast, coatings prepared at 400 V and 600 V exbibited significantly higher friction coefficients of 0.75 and 0.82, respectively, and suffered from severe adhesive and abrasive wear. The primary reasons for this behavior are as follows: At the lower voltage (400 V), the coating thickness is thin and the MoS₂ content is insufficient to provide effective lubrication. During the running-in stage, the coating lacks adequate capacity to accommodate wear debris, leading to inadequate debris removal. This results in pronounced abrasive wear, rapid penetration of the coating, and direct interaction between the substrate and the counterface, thereby increasing the friction coefficient. At the higher voltage of 600 V, although the coating thickness and MoS₂ content increase substantially, the surface roughness rises significantly ((4.7 ± 0.3) μm). This leads to the generation of large, coarse debris during the initial running-in stage. Before the coating can effectively accommodate these debris particles, they cause rapid spallation of the coating, generating even more debris and accelerating wear. Under these conditions, the MoS₂ particles embedded in the outer layer fail to provide any meaningful lubrication, and the coating is quickly worn through, resulting in a sharp increase in the friction coefficient. At the applied voltage of 500 V, the coating exhibits moderate thickness and surface roughness, maintaining adequate coating thickness and MoS₂ content without excessive surface roughness. The friction and wear mechanism of the TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coating under this voltage can be elucidated as follows: The inherent porous outer layer of the PEO coating undergoes initial smoothing of surface asperities during friction, generating wear debris containing embedded MoS₂ particles that fill surface depressions and inherent pores. With continued sliding, the MoS₂ particles within the debris gradually spread across the contact interface. Owing to their unique two-dimensional layered structure, these particles undergo interlayer sliding under shear stress, forming a continuous surface film with excellent lubricating properties. Furthermore, the porous structure of the coating not only accommodates wear debris but also functions as a reservoir for MoS₂ particles, enabling continuous replenishment of lubricant to areas where the surface lubricating film becomes locally depleted, thereby achieving remarkable self-lubricating performance.

Conclusions

At the optimized voltage of 500 V, the TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coating exhibits a moderate thickness ((28.0 ± 0.6) μm) and surface roughness ((3.0 ± 0.2) μm), along with a relatively high MoS₂ content. This combination results in the lowest friction coefficient of 0.2, representing a 69.2% reduction compared to the uncoated Ti-6Al-4V substrate; During the friction process, MoS₂ particles embedded in the TiO₂/MoS₂ composite coating are progressively exposed under shear stress and undergo interlayer sliding. This leads to the formation of a lubricating film on the wear track, which provides effective self-lubrication and significantly enhances the tribological performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Key words

titanium alloy / plasma electrolytic oxidation / molybdenum disulfide / anti-friction property

引用本文

孙佳硕, 邹永纯, 王树棋, 黄磊, 陈国梁, 叶志云, 王亚明, 周玉. 钛合金表面微弧诱导MoS₂纳米复合涂层组织结构与摩擦磨损性能. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1220 -1228 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250797

Jiashuo SUN, Yongchun ZOU, Shuqi WANG, Lei HUANG, Guoliang CHEN, Zhiyun YE, Yaming WANG, Yu ZHOU. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Microarc Induced MoS₂ Nanocomposite Coatings on Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1220 -1228 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250797

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52571078; 52571039; 52572071)
青年人才托举工程(2021QNRC001)
黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2023E008)

参考文献

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2026年第54卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250797

接收时间：2025-11-02
首发时间：2026-05-20
出版时间：2026-01-29

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收稿日期：2025-11-02
修回日期：2025-12-19

基金

国家自然科学基金(52571078; 52571039; 52572071)

青年人才托举工程(2021QNRC001)

黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2023E008)

作者信息

^1．哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，特种陶瓷研究所，哈尔滨 150080

^2．哈尔滨工业大学，先进结构功能一体化材料与绿色制造技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001

^3．哈尔滨工业大学，分析测试中心，哈尔滨 150080

^4．海洋腐蚀与防护全国重点实验室，河南洛阳 471000

^5．洛阳船舶材料研究所，河南洛阳 471000

通讯作者:

邹永纯（1990—），男，博士，研究员

王亚明（1978—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250797

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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