硅酸盐学报

超高温复相陶瓷多层级固溶微结构及烧结熔体调控：回顾与前瞻

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顾辉 ¹ , 齐马林 ² , 胡冬力 ² , 郑强 ³ , 邹冀 ⁴ , 霍思嘉 ⁵ , 王玉金 ⁵

硅酸盐学报 | 第15届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题(一)——综合评述 2026,54(4): 1245-1256

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硅酸盐学报 | 第15届无机非金属材料专题研讨会专题(一)——综合评述 2026, 54(4): 1245-1256

超高温复相陶瓷多层级固溶微结构及烧结熔体调控：回顾与前瞻

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顾辉¹, 齐马林², 胡冬力², 郑强³, 邹冀⁴, 霍思嘉⁵, 王玉金⁵

作者信息

^1．北京高压科学研究中心，北京 100094

^2．上海大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 200444

^3．国家纳米科学中心，北京 100190

^4．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

^5．哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，特种陶瓷研究所，哈尔滨 150080

顾辉（1963—），男，博士，研究员。

GU Hui (1963-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: hui.gu@hpstar.ac.cn

Control of Hierarchical Solid-solution Microstructures by Sintering Melt for Ultra-high-temperature Multiphase Ceramics: Retrospect and Prospect

Hui GU¹, Malin QI², Dongli HU², Qiang ZHENG³, Ji ZOU⁴, Sijia HUO⁵, Yujin WANG⁵

Affiliations

^1.Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

^3.National Center for Nanoscience, Beijing 100190, China

^4.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^5.Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China

出版时间: 2026-03-09 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250846

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摘要

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ZrB₂基复相陶瓷是具代表性的超高温陶瓷（UHTC），其服役温度远高于烧结温度，需较多SiC助烧致密并提升抗氧化性能。21世纪初发现过渡金属碳化物（MC）是更好的助剂，既有效除氧还能提升高温强度；近10年来作者们聚焦于MC对UHTC复相微结构的调控行为，揭示高黏滞度液相的复相反应烧结机理，并探究了复相协同固溶规律及其构效关系。定量微结构研究发现，硼碳基烧结熔体主导了ZrB₂基陶瓷的反应烧结与复相致密，调制了固溶微结构的多层级演变过程：MC助剂经熔体转化为ZrC晶界相，与硼化物主相的交换反应主导了复相关系；熔体作为过渡液相协助主相中M两级固溶并形成普遍性的“核−周”结构，在烧结后期才析出ZrC次相以及更高的M固溶度。反应熔体对复相多级固溶结构的调控，与硅基陶瓷的相变微结构及其“溶解-再析出”液相烧结过程相似，也在晶界残留较多硅酸盐熔体及玻璃相。与单相MB₂、MC高熵陶瓷相比，M^ⅠB₂−M^ⅡC复相UHTC及其多层级固溶微结构有更多可调控路径，可更好优化并综合发展UHTC的服役性能：一是固溶分相共格界面及其相互关联的位错网络化设计，可进一步提升高温强度，其相界、晶界及溶质偏聚可更为精准调控多尺度复相共格结构；二是高温下晶界相与熔体的协同演化规律及复相调控研究，可在未来发展复相多级固溶焓所主导的多元UHTC陶瓷共格结构，即复相陶瓷基因组、多层级复相结构的构效关系。

关键词

超高温陶瓷 / 烧结熔体 / 核-周结构 / 多层级固溶微结构

Abstract

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ZrB₂-based multiphase ceramics are representative ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs). Their service temperature significantly exceeds the sintering temperature, often requiring substantial amounts of SiC as a sintering aid to achieve the densification and enhance the oxidation resistance. The transition metal carbides (MCs) are superior sintering aids for UHTCs, effectively removing the oxygen-impurity and improving high-temperature strength. From some projects supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, our studies focus on the effect of MC on controlling the multiphase microstructure of UHTCs. The results obtained reveal the reactive-sintering mechanism engaging the high-viscous liquid-phase and explore the mutual-solution behavior in multiphase ceramics along with the structure-property relationship. The quantitative characterization for microstructures indicates the dominance of bora-carbide sintering-melts on reactive-sintering and densification, and on regulating the multi-level evolution of high-solution microstructures. MC additives are transformed into ZrC grain boundary phases via the sintering-melt, and its exchange-reaction with the primary phase governs the multiphase relationship. The melt as a transient liquid enables a bi-solubility of M to create prevalent core-rim structures. In the later stages of sintering, ZrC second-phase precipitates with a higher solubility of M.

Summary and Prospects

The multi-levelled control of multiphase microstructures by the reactive-melt is analogous to "dissolution-reprecipitation" process for liquid-phase sintering in the transformable microstructures of silicon-based ceramics, with silicate-melts and glassy phases at grain boundaries. In contrast to the monolithic ceramics of high-entropy MB₂ and MC, the multi-levelled solid-solutions and the associated multiphase microstructures of M^ⅠB₂-M^ⅡC UHTCs offer ample and novel routes for comprehensive control, better optimization and further enhancement in high-performance UHTCs. The coherent hetero-interfaces created from the multi-levelled solutions via solid-state phase-separations and their interconnected dislocation networks can further improve the high-temperature strength, and those phase-boundaries, grain-boundaries, and solute-segregates allow a precise control over the multiscale semi-coherent microstructures. The research on this synergistic evolution of intergranular phases and sintering-melts at high temperatures along with the multiphase transformation has a promising potential for future advancements in ceramic genomes and levelled structure-property relationship for multiphase UHTCs governed by solid-solutions as enthalpy-regulation.

Key words

ultra-high-temperature ceramics / sintering melt / core-rim structures / hierarchical solid-solution microstructures

引用本文

顾辉, 齐马林, 胡冬力, 郑强, 邹冀, 霍思嘉, 王玉金. 超高温复相陶瓷多层级固溶微结构及烧结熔体调控：回顾与前瞻. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1245 -1256 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250846

Hui GU, Malin QI, Dongli HU, Qiang ZHENG, Ji ZOU, Sijia HUO, Yujin WANG. Control of Hierarchical Solid-solution Microstructures by Sintering Melt for Ultra-high-temperature Multiphase Ceramics: Retrospect and Prospect[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1245 -1256 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250846

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(52032002; 51532006; 50632070)
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFB3707700)

参考文献

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2026年第54卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250846

接收时间：2025-11-17
首发时间：2026-05-20
出版时间：2026-03-09

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-11-17
修回日期：2025-12-17

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(52032002; 51532006; 50632070)

国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFB3707700)

作者信息

^1．北京高压科学研究中心，北京 100094

^2．上海大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 200444

^3．国家纳米科学中心，北京 100190

^4．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

^5．哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，特种陶瓷研究所，哈尔滨 150080

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250846

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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