硅酸盐学报

简单一步法制备低频高性能椰壳基碳吸波材料

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娄宸瑞 , 潘虹 , 徐丽慧 , 李倩 , 王渝申 , 吴袁浩 , 周治翔

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(4): 1370-1380

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硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026, 54(4): 1370-1380

简单一步法制备低频高性能椰壳基碳吸波材料

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娄宸瑞, 潘虹, 徐丽慧, 李倩, 王渝申, 吴袁浩, 周治翔

作者信息

上海工程技术大学纺织服装学院，上海 201620

娄宸瑞（2005—），男，本科生。

LOU Chenrui (2005-), male, Undergraduate. E-mail: 091823111@sues.edu.cn

通讯作者:

潘虹（1984—），女，博士，副教授。

Simple One-Step Preparation of Low-Frequency High-Performance Coconut Shell-Ased Carbon Wave-Absorbing Materials

Chenrui LOU, Hong PAN, Lihui XU, Qian LI, Yushen WANG, Yuanhao WU, Zhixiang ZHOU

Affiliations

College of Textile and Clothing, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

出版时间: 2026-01-26 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250652

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摘要

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近年来，随着电磁波技术的应用，电磁污染日益加剧，吸波材料受到广泛关注。本工作以农业废弃物—椰壳为原料，利用碳酸钙（CaCO₃）和氢氧化钾（KOH）的协同造孔能力，经过简单一步炭化法制备了具有丰富孔隙结构和良好吸波性能的椰壳多孔碳（CSPC）。碳酸钙在高温下分解为氧化钙，作为硬模板，构筑出丰富的孔道结构，氢氧化钾的活化作用进一步增强微孔和介孔的形成。探讨了双活化剂比例对多孔碳结构和性能的影响，结果显示，活化剂（CaCO₃∶KOH）比例为1∶1条件下，700 ℃炭化2 h制备的多孔碳CSPC-1的比表面积为1 089.185 m²/g，有丰富发达的孔隙结构，当样品厚度为5 mm、测试频率为5.12 GHz时，反射损耗最小值（RL_min）为-45.79 dB，表现出优异的吸波效果。采用简单一步活化炭化法成功制备了性能良好的吸波材料，为高性能吸波材料的制备提供了理论指导，也为椰壳等农副产品的高附加值利用提供了新的思路。

关键词

电磁波吸收 / 生物质材料 / 多孔碳 / 双活化剂

Abstract

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Introduction

The issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly severe with the development of the electronic communication technology. The excessive electromagnetic waves pose risks to the national security and the human health in daily life. Consequently, wave-absorbing materials have gradually garnered public attention. Biomass, with its inherent network structure, can be used to produce porous carbon for addressing electromagnetic pollution. Among various biomass sources, coconut shells are widely distributed in China and have long been treated as agricultural by-products or waste. Recycling and utilizing coconut shells to prepare wave-absorbing materials not only helps mitigate electromagnetic pollution but also offers a new approach for the high-value application of agricultural by-products such as coconut shells.

Methods

The experimental materials included coconut shells purchased from Hainan Wenchang Coconut Shell Co., Ltd.. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and paraffin wax (C₂₅H₅₂) purchased from Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. The coconut shells were processed into 1-2 cm pieces, cleaned, and dried at 80 ℃ for 24 h. The dried pieces were then ground into powder using a pulverizer and sieved through a mesh with an aperture of 250-300 μm. The coconut shell powder was mixed with CaCO₃ and KOH at mass ratios of 1.0∶1.0∶0.5, 1∶1∶1, 1∶1∶2, and 1∶1∶3, respectively. The mixtures were uniformly ground in a pulverizer to obtain alkalized coconut shell powder, which was subsequently dried. The dried alkalized powder was placed in a tube furnace, which was purged with nitrogen gas (N₂), and then carbonized at 700 ℃ for 2 h. The resulting product was neutralized with hydrochloric acid (HCl) under magnetic stirring for 12 h, washed with deionized water until neutral, and finally dried at 80 ℃ for 24 h , then the coconut shell-based porous carbon was obtained.

Results and discussion

In this study, coconut shell was utilized as the carbon source, based on its inherent multi-level network structure and high carbon content. Using KOH and CaCO₃ as dual activators, a one-step carbonization method was employed to prepare coconut shell-based carbon wave-absorbing materials with superior microwave absorption performance. Compared to pure coconut shell carbon and coconut shell carbon activated solely with an equal mass of KOH, the sample prepared with dual activators exhibited more uniform surface pore distribution and hierarchical structure. This specific structure played a critical role in enhancing the electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Consequently, the dual-activator method offered a novel approach for preparing porous carbon materials with complex three-dimensional micro/mesoporous structures. At 700 ℃, the gradual addition of activator resulted in enlarged pores and increased defects in the porous carbon structure, ultimately causing pore collapse. Higher activator concentrations led to larger pore diameters, which reduced electromagnetic wave reflection efficiency and consequently diminished microwave absorption performance.

Conclusions

A coconut shell-based porous carbon material with excellent wave-absorbing performance was successfully prepared via a one-step carbonization method combined with a dual-activator (KOH and CaCO₃) activation process. By adjusting the mass ratios of KOH to CaCO₃, the pore structure of the resulting carbon material was modulated, leading to varied electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The optimal absorption performance was achieved under the conditions of a carbonization temperature of 700 ℃ and a mass ratio of coconut shell powder : CaCO₃∶KOH = 1∶1∶1. The material obtained under these conditions exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -45.79 dB at a sample thickness of 5.0 mm and a frequency of 5.12 GHz. This study utilized a simple one-step carbonization process to produce effective wave-absorbing materials with abundant coconut shell waste, providing valuable theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance absorbers and significantly broadening the application prospects for biomass-derived wave-absorbing materials.

Key words

electromagnetic wave absorption / biomass material / porous carbon / dual activator

引用本文

娄宸瑞, 潘虹, 徐丽慧, 李倩, 王渝申, 吴袁浩, 周治翔. 简单一步法制备低频高性能椰壳基碳吸波材料. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1370 -1380 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250652

Chenrui LOU, Hong PAN, Lihui XU, Qian LI, Yushen WANG, Yuanhao WU, Zhixiang ZHOU. Simple One-Step Preparation of Low-Frequency High-Performance Coconut Shell-Ased Carbon Wave-Absorbing Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (4) : 1370 -1380 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250652

基金

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国家先进印染技术创新中心科研基金项目(2022GCJJ22)
上海市自然科学基金项目面上项目(21ZR1426200)
上海高校特聘教授岗位计划资助

参考文献

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2026年第54卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250652

接收时间：2025-09-04
首发时间：2026-05-20
出版时间：2026-01-26

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收稿日期：2025-09-04
修回日期：2025-11-06

基金

国家先进印染技术创新中心科研基金项目(2022GCJJ22)

上海市自然科学基金项目面上项目(21ZR1426200)

上海高校特聘教授岗位计划资助

作者信息

上海工程技术大学纺织服装学院，上海 201620

通讯作者:

潘虹（1984—），女，博士，副教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250652

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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