Article(id=1320123006165299345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776096000000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-14, revisedDate=1776960000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792671451369, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1783526400000, pubDateStr=2026-07-09, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792671451369, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792671451369, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792671451369, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320122987781673454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='10', pageStart='3315', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1792425600000', pubDateStr='2026-10-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792671446986, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720523418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328829357375869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328829357375870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320122987781673454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3414, endPage=3425, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320123006505037970, articleId=1320123006165299345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Effects of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs on Rheology, Hydration, and Mechanical Properties of Cement Pastes, columnId=1320122989312586697, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Special Issue on Key Inorganic Non-metallic Materials for Intelligent Construction at the 28th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology–AI-Driven Innovation in Cement-Based Materials-Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction

The cement industry is one of the most CO2-intensive industrial sectors, and reducing clinker consumption through mineral substitution is an effective strategy for developing low-carbon cementitious materials. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used as a clinker substitute because of its abundant resources, low cost, and compatibility with cement production. In addition to the thermodynamically stable calcite, CaCO3 also exists in metastable polymorphs such as vaterite and aragonite, which differ in crystal structure, particle morphology, specific surface area, and dissolution behavior. These differences may produce distinct effects on the rheology, hydration, pore structure, and mechanical properties of cement pastes. This study aims to clarify how different CaCO3 polymorphs regulate the coupled rheology-hydration-structure-strength relationship of cement paste.

Methods

Ordinary Portland cement pastes containing 15% (mass fraction) calcite, vaterite, or aragonite were prepared at a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.42, with pure cement paste as the reference. Commercial limestone powder was used as the calcite source, while vaterite and aragonite were synthesized using a double-decomposition method. Rheological properties were characterized using a rotational rheometer, and the dynamic yield stress was determined by fitting the descending branch of the flow curve with the Herschel-Bulkley model. Early hydration behavior was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry. Flexural and compressive strengths were measured at 1, 3, 7 d, and 28 d. Hydration products and phase evolution were examined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, and the pore structure was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry.

Results and discussion

The three CaCO3 polymorphs exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics and consequently exerted different effects on cement paste performance. Calcite mainly consisted of irregular blocky particles and mainly acted through dilution and filling, leading to reductions in both static and dynamic yield stress and only limited promotion of hydration and strength development. Vaterite, composed of loosely aggregated fine particles with relatively high surface activity, increased the dynamic yield stress, accelerated early hydration most effectively, promoted the formation of portlandite, chemically bound water, and carboaluminate phases, and refined the pore structure, and was therefore more beneficial for compressive strength development. Aragonite, with a needle-like morphology, reduced the dynamic yield stress but markedly increased the apparent viscosity and thixotropic index, which indicated a stronger effect on structural build-up and rebuilding. It also improved pore structure and showed the highest compressive strength at 1-7 d as well as the highest flexural strength and flexural-to-compressive strength ratio at 28 d. These results indicated that the effects of CaCO3 polymorphs could not be attributed to a single parameter such as particle size, but were jointly governed by morphology, specific surface area, and reactivity.

Conclusions

Different CaCO3 polymorphs significantly affect the rheology, hydration, and strength development of cement pastes. Calcite mainly shows weak dilution, filling, and nucleation effects, resulting in reduced yield stress and limited strength compensation. Vaterite markedly promotes early hydration and sustained product accumulation, leading to higher dynamic yield stress, increased portlandite and chemically bound water contents, greater formation of carboaluminate phases, refined pore structure, and improved early compressive strength. Aragonite, owing to its needle-like morphology, strongly enhances static yield stress, apparent viscosity, and thixotropic recovery, while also refining pore structure and achieving the highest flexural strength and flexural-to-compressive strength ratio. Compared with calcite, metastable CaCO3 polymorphs are more effective in regulating the coupled “rheology-hydration-strength” behavior of cement pastes. Vaterite is more suitable for enhancing hydration and promoting compressive strength development, whereas aragonite is more advantageous for rheological control, flexural performance, and overall mechanical properties.

, authors=Gege CHEN, Shulai GUO, Xiaodi DAI, Wenjian HUANG, Qing CHEN, authorsList=Gege CHEN, Shulai GUO, Xiaodi DAI, Wenjian HUANG, Qing CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing CHEN, authorNote=

CHEN Gege (1996-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN Qing (1983-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:
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为进一步挖掘不同晶型碳酸钙(CaCO3)调控水泥浆体性能的潜力,采用方解石、球霰石和文石按15%(质量分数)取代普通硅酸盐水泥制备浆体,并结合流变、量热、力学和微观表征测试,系统研究不同晶型CaCO3对浆体流变行为、水化进程及力学性能的影响。结果表明:方解石主要表现为稀释与填充作用,降低浆体静态和动态屈服应力,对水化和强度发展的促进作用有限;球霰石因表面活性较高,显著提高浆体动态屈服应力,明显加快了早期水化进程,促进了氢氧化钙和碳铝酸盐相等水化产物的生成,细化了孔结构,更有利于抗压强度发展;文石的大比表面积对早期的水化也有明显的加速作用,同时其针棒状形貌会导致浆体动态屈服应力降低而表观黏度和触变指数显著升高,并且有利于抗折强度的发展,28 d抗折强度提高了16%。结果证实了不同晶型CaCO3对水泥浆体“流变-水化-结构-强度”关系的调控并非由单一因素决定,而是与颗粒形貌、比表面积及反应活性等物理化学性质的协同作用密切相关。

, authors=陈格革, 郭澍来, 戴小迪, 黄文健, 陈庆, authorsList=陈格革, 郭澍来, 戴小迪, 黄文健, 陈庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈庆, authorNote=

陈格革(1996-),男,博士研究生。

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陈庆(1983-),男,博士,教授。
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不同晶型碳酸钙对水泥浆体流变、水化及力学性能的影响
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陈格革 , 郭澍来 , 戴小迪 , 黄文健 , 陈庆
硅酸盐学报 | 第二十八届中国科协年会智能建造关键无机非金属材料–AI驱动水泥基材料创新专题-研究论文 2026,54(10): 3414-3425
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硅酸盐学报 |第二十八届中国科协年会智能建造关键无机非金属材料–AI驱动水泥基材料创新专题-研究论文 2026 , 54 (10) : 3414 -3425
不同晶型碳酸钙对水泥浆体流变、水化及力学性能的影响
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陈格革 , 郭澍来, 戴小迪, 黄文健, 陈庆
作者信息
  • 同济大学先进土木工程材料教育部重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,上海 201804
通讯作者:
陈庆(1983-),男,博士,教授。
作者简介:

陈格革(1996-),男,博士研究生。

Effects of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs on Rheology, Hydration, and Mechanical Properties of Cement Pastes
Gege CHEN , Shulai GUO, Xiaodi DAI, Wenjian HUANG, Qing CHEN
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    CHEN Qing (1983-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:

    CHEN Gege (1996-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2026-07-09 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260233
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为进一步挖掘不同晶型碳酸钙(CaCO3)调控水泥浆体性能的潜力,采用方解石、球霰石和文石按15%(质量分数)取代普通硅酸盐水泥制备浆体,并结合流变、量热、力学和微观表征测试,系统研究不同晶型CaCO3对浆体流变行为、水化进程及力学性能的影响。结果表明:方解石主要表现为稀释与填充作用,降低浆体静态和动态屈服应力,对水化和强度发展的促进作用有限;球霰石因表面活性较高,显著提高浆体动态屈服应力,明显加快了早期水化进程,促进了氢氧化钙和碳铝酸盐相等水化产物的生成,细化了孔结构,更有利于抗压强度发展;文石的大比表面积对早期的水化也有明显的加速作用,同时其针棒状形貌会导致浆体动态屈服应力降低而表观黏度和触变指数显著升高,并且有利于抗折强度的发展,28 d抗折强度提高了16%。结果证实了不同晶型CaCO3对水泥浆体“流变-水化-结构-强度”关系的调控并非由单一因素决定,而是与颗粒形貌、比表面积及反应活性等物理化学性质的协同作用密切相关。

不同晶型碳酸钙  /  方解石  /  球霰石  /  文石  /  流变  /  水化  /  力学性能
Introduction

The cement industry is one of the most CO2-intensive industrial sectors, and reducing clinker consumption through mineral substitution is an effective strategy for developing low-carbon cementitious materials. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used as a clinker substitute because of its abundant resources, low cost, and compatibility with cement production. In addition to the thermodynamically stable calcite, CaCO3 also exists in metastable polymorphs such as vaterite and aragonite, which differ in crystal structure, particle morphology, specific surface area, and dissolution behavior. These differences may produce distinct effects on the rheology, hydration, pore structure, and mechanical properties of cement pastes. This study aims to clarify how different CaCO3 polymorphs regulate the coupled rheology-hydration-structure-strength relationship of cement paste.

Methods

Ordinary Portland cement pastes containing 15% (mass fraction) calcite, vaterite, or aragonite were prepared at a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.42, with pure cement paste as the reference. Commercial limestone powder was used as the calcite source, while vaterite and aragonite were synthesized using a double-decomposition method. Rheological properties were characterized using a rotational rheometer, and the dynamic yield stress was determined by fitting the descending branch of the flow curve with the Herschel-Bulkley model. Early hydration behavior was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry. Flexural and compressive strengths were measured at 1, 3, 7 d, and 28 d. Hydration products and phase evolution were examined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, and the pore structure was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry.

Results and discussion

The three CaCO3 polymorphs exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics and consequently exerted different effects on cement paste performance. Calcite mainly consisted of irregular blocky particles and mainly acted through dilution and filling, leading to reductions in both static and dynamic yield stress and only limited promotion of hydration and strength development. Vaterite, composed of loosely aggregated fine particles with relatively high surface activity, increased the dynamic yield stress, accelerated early hydration most effectively, promoted the formation of portlandite, chemically bound water, and carboaluminate phases, and refined the pore structure, and was therefore more beneficial for compressive strength development. Aragonite, with a needle-like morphology, reduced the dynamic yield stress but markedly increased the apparent viscosity and thixotropic index, which indicated a stronger effect on structural build-up and rebuilding. It also improved pore structure and showed the highest compressive strength at 1-7 d as well as the highest flexural strength and flexural-to-compressive strength ratio at 28 d. These results indicated that the effects of CaCO3 polymorphs could not be attributed to a single parameter such as particle size, but were jointly governed by morphology, specific surface area, and reactivity.

Conclusions

Different CaCO3 polymorphs significantly affect the rheology, hydration, and strength development of cement pastes. Calcite mainly shows weak dilution, filling, and nucleation effects, resulting in reduced yield stress and limited strength compensation. Vaterite markedly promotes early hydration and sustained product accumulation, leading to higher dynamic yield stress, increased portlandite and chemically bound water contents, greater formation of carboaluminate phases, refined pore structure, and improved early compressive strength. Aragonite, owing to its needle-like morphology, strongly enhances static yield stress, apparent viscosity, and thixotropic recovery, while also refining pore structure and achieving the highest flexural strength and flexural-to-compressive strength ratio. Compared with calcite, metastable CaCO3 polymorphs are more effective in regulating the coupled “rheology-hydration-strength” behavior of cement pastes. Vaterite is more suitable for enhancing hydration and promoting compressive strength development, whereas aragonite is more advantageous for rheological control, flexural performance, and overall mechanical properties.

calcium carbonate polymorphs  /  calcite  /  vaterite  /  aragonite  /  rheology  /  hydration  /  mechanical properties
陈格革, 郭澍来, 戴小迪, 黄文健, 陈庆. 不同晶型碳酸钙对水泥浆体流变、水化及力学性能的影响. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3414 -3425 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260233
Gege CHEN, Shulai GUO, Xiaodi DAI, Wenjian HUANG, Qing CHEN. Effects of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs on Rheology, Hydration, and Mechanical Properties of Cement Pastes[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3414 -3425 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260233
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3803104)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260233
  • 接收时间:2026-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-14
  • 修回日期:2026-04-24
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3803104)
作者信息
    同济大学先进土木工程材料教育部重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,上海 201804

通讯作者:

陈庆(1983-),男,博士,教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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