硅酸盐学报

氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料增韧机制及其应用进展

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邱宇翔 ¹^,² , 李乔磊 ¹^,³ , 梁静静 ¹ , 周亦胄 ¹ , Paolo COLOMBO ³^,⁴ , 李金国 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(9): 3274-3292

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (9) : 3274 -3292

氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料增韧机制及其应用进展

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邱宇翔¹^,², 李乔磊¹^,³, 梁静静¹, 周亦胄¹, Paolo COLOMBO³^,⁴, 李金国¹

作者信息

^1．中国科学院金属研究所，中国沈阳 110016

^2．中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院，中国沈阳 110016

^3．帕多瓦大学工业工程系，意大利帕多瓦 35131

^4．宾夕法尼亚州立大学材料科学与工程系，美国宾夕法尼亚 16802

通讯作者:

李乔磊（1993—），男，博士，助理研究员。

作者简介:

邱宇翔（1998—），男，博士研究生。

Research Progress on Mechanisms and Applications of Toughening of Alumina-Based Ceramic Composites

Yuxiang QIU¹^,², Qiaolei LI¹^,³, Jingjing LIANG¹, Yizhou ZHOU¹, Paolo COLOMBO³^,⁴, Jinguo LI¹

Affiliations

^1.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

^3.Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy

^4.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802, United States

Corresponding Author:

{LI} Qiaolei (1993-), male, Ph.D., Assistant Researcher. E-mail: qlli@imr.ac.cn

QIU Yuxiang (1998-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: yxqiu21s@imr.ac.cn

出版时间: 2026-08-18 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260140

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摘要

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氧化铝（Al₂O₃）陶瓷因其高硬度、高机械强度、耐化学腐蚀、耐磨及抗高温氧化等优异性能，在高端装备、极端服役环境等领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。然而，由于其晶体内部极强的离子键合作用，Al₂O₃表现出较高的脆性和抗变形能力，严重制约了该材料更广泛地应用与发展。为突破该瓶颈，近年来，大量研究工作聚焦于多机制协同增韧工艺的开发，常见方法包括颗粒增韧、晶须与纤维增韧、仿生结构增韧以及石墨烯、碳纳米管等纳米材料增韧。由此制备的Al₂O₃基复合材料在保持材料优异强度、硬度等力学性能的基础上，显著提升了材料的损伤容限，已广泛应用于国防军工、航空航天、半导体及生物医疗等先进制造领域。本文系统综述了Al₂O₃基陶瓷复合材料的增韧机制，梳理了近年来的研究进展与应用现状，分析了现有增韧技术面临的主要问题，并对未来发展方向进行展望，以期为该材料的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词

氧化铝 / 增韧机制 / 断裂韧性 / 复合材料

Abstract

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Alumina (Al₂O₃) ceramics are widely recognized as one of the most important structural ceramic materials due to their exceptional combination of high hardness, high mechanical strength, excellent chemical inertness, wear resistance, and resistance to high-temperature oxidation. These properties make them highly promising for applications in extreme environments, including aerospace, defense, semiconductor manufacturing, and biomedical engineering. However, the intrinsic brittleness of Al₂O₃, arising from its strong ionic bonding and lack of effective energy dissipation mechanisms, severely limits its reliability and service life under mechanical or thermal shock. This limitation prompts extensive research into toughening strategies that preserve the material's strength, while improving its fracture resistance.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing multi-mechanism synergistic toughening approaches. These include particle toughening, phase transformation toughening, whisker and fiber reinforcement, biomimetic structural design, and the incorporation of low-dimensional carbon-based materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and MXenes. Each mechanism contributes uniquely to hindering crack propagation and enhancing fracture toughness through different energy dissipation pathways operating in various length scales.

Particle toughening introduces ductile metallic phases (such as Ni, Ti, or Al) or rigid ceramic particles (such as TiC or BN) that induce crack deflection, bridging, and microcracking, effectively increasing the energy required for crack propagation. Phase transformation toughening, particularly through the dispersion of ZrO₂ particles, exploits the stress-induced martensitic transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic phase, which absorbs energy and generates compressive stresses around crack tips. Whiskers and fibers, such as SiC whiskers or continuous Al₂O₃ fibers, provide crack bridging, pull-out, and interfacial debonding effects that significantly enhance energy dissipation. Continuous fiber reinforcement represents the most effective approach for achieving non-catastrophic failure behavior in ceramic matrix composites.

Biomimetic strategies, inspired by natural structures like nacre, employ layered or gradient architectures to guide crack propagation along tortuous paths, significantly increasing energy dissipation during fracture. These architectures typically consist of alternating hard ceramic layers and soft compliant interfaces that force a repeated crack deflection. Also, low-dimensional materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and MXenes contribute to toughening through nanoscale crack bridging, sheet pull-out, and enhanced interfacial interactions, often achieving remarkable toughness improvements even at very low addition levels.

Despite these advances, several challenges remain. Achieving uniform dispersion of toughening phases, particularly nanosized reinforcements, remains difficult due to agglomeration tendencies. Controlling interfacial bonding strength is crucial, as excessively strong interfaces lead to brittle failure, while weak interfaces compromise load transfer. Maintaining thermal and chemical stability during high-temperature processing and service presents another challenge, especially for carbon-based reinforcements susceptible to oxidation. Moreover, the complex interplay between multiple toughening mechanisms is not yet fully understood, and systematic theoretical models for predicting synergistic effects are still lacking. The fabrication of biomimetic structures with a precise architectural control remains technically demanding and difficult to scale for industrial production.

Summary and Prospects

In summary, the toughening of Al₂O₃-based ceramics evolves from single-mechanism approaches to multi-scale, multi-mechanism synergistic strategies. The fracture toughness of Al₂O₃ composites is increased by 3-4 MPa·m^1/2 for monolithic alumina and by 10 MPa·m^1/2 for ZrO₂-toughened alumina (ZTA) and SiC whisker-reinforced systems. These materials are applied in high-performance cutting tools, ceramic armor, aero-engine hot-section components, semiconductor packaging substrates, and artificial joints. Nevertheless, several critical issues must be addressed to further advance their application:

1) Future research should focus on elucidating the coupled effects of multiple toughening mechanisms through in-situ characterization and multi-scale simulation. Understanding how cracks interact with complex microstructures will enable the design of materials with tailored energy dissipation pathways.

2) Advanced manufacturing techniques, particularly additive manufacturing, offer some opportunities for fabricating complex biomimetic architectures and compositionally graded structures. However, some issues such as fiber damage during sintering, dispersion of nano-reinforcements, and interfacial control must be resolved. External field-assisted techniques (e.g., magnetic or ultrasonic fields) can enable controlled alignment of reinforcements.

3) As application demands become more stringent, future Al₂O₃-based composites must exhibit high toughness and meet requirements for thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance, electrical conductivity or insulation, and biocompatibility. This calls for a holistic design approach that integrates material selection, microstructure engineering, and performance optimization.

In summary, the development of high-performance Al₂O₃-based ceramic composites is moving toward greater complexity and functionality. With continued innovation in toughening mechanisms, processing technologies, and performance evaluation, these materials are expected to play an increasingly vital role in advanced engineering applications.

Key words

alumina / toughening mechanism / fracture toughness / composite materials

引用本文

邱宇翔, 李乔磊, 梁静静, 周亦胄, Paolo COLOMBO, 李金国. 氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料增韧机制及其应用进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3274 -3292 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260140

Yuxiang QIU, Qiaolei LI, Jingjing LIANG, Yizhou ZHOU, Paolo COLOMBO, Jinguo LI. Research Progress on Mechanisms and Applications of Toughening of Alumina-Based Ceramic Composites[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3274 -3292 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260140

基金

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辽宁省科学技术计划(2024JH2/101900011)
国家自然科学基金(52402094; U234120139; U22A20129)
国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3714504; 2024YFB3714503)
国防基础科研计划(2024213B002; JCKY2022130C005)
中国博士后科学基金(2023M743571)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20232743)
中国科学院金属研究所创新基金(2024-PY11)
高端装备铸造技术全国重点实验室开放基金(CAT2023-006)
安徽省研究生教育质量工程(2023cxcysj015)

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2026年第54卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260140

接收时间：2026-03-10
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-08-18

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出版历史

收稿日期：2026-03-10
修回日期：2026-03-29

基金

辽宁省科学技术计划(2024JH2/101900011)

国家自然科学基金(52402094; U234120139; U22A20129)

国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3714504; 2024YFB3714503)

国防基础科研计划(2024213B002; JCKY2022130C005)

中国博士后科学基金(2023M743571)

国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20232743)

中国科学院金属研究所创新基金(2024-PY11)

高端装备铸造技术全国重点实验室开放基金(CAT2023-006)

安徽省研究生教育质量工程(2023cxcysj015)

作者信息

^1．中国科学院金属研究所，中国沈阳 110016

^2．中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院，中国沈阳 110016

^3．帕多瓦大学工业工程系，意大利帕多瓦 35131

^4．宾夕法尼亚州立大学材料科学与工程系，美国宾夕法尼亚 16802

通讯作者:

李乔磊（1993—），男，博士，助理研究员。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20260140

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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