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Article(id=1320107628177510892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107605469544753, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250939, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=1768665600000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792667784971, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1786982400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792667784971, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792667784971, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792667784971, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320107605469544753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='2949', pageEnd='3314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789833600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792667779556, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792737576818, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320400356446687492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107605469544753, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320400356446687493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107605469544753, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3032, endPage=3046, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320107628366254573, articleId=1320107628177510892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Monitoring and Regulation of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ultra-High Temperature Oxide Composite Ceramics, columnId=1263922772401635899, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of an engine is a critical factor affecting the thrust-to-weight ratio. With the upgrade and replacement of fighter jets, the TIT increases significantly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced structural materials that can maintain excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in ultra-high temperature extreme environments, and explore efficient and controllable preparation processes to meet the service requirements of future engines. Among numerous materials, oxide composite ceramics possess outstanding high-temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and exhibit excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and remarkable microstructural stability. They become one of the most promising candidates for ultra-high temperature structural materials. So far, oxide composite ceramics have been successfully prepared through a variety of technologies. However, these solidification technologies have obvious limitations in preparing large-sized complex-shaped or hollow components.

The emergence of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology provides a possibility to solve these problems. The application of LAM technology in the preparation of oxide composite ceramics is expected to break through the bottleneck in the preparation of large-sized complex components. However, compared with metal materials, ceramic materials have characteristics such as high melting point, high brittleness, and high melt viscosity, which easily lead to defects like cracks and pores during the LAM process, greatly restricting their engineering application. The molten pool, as the basic unit in the LAM forming process, directly affects the forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the obtained samples through its internal flow state, grain growth mechanism, and the distribution and evolution of the temperature and stress fields.

This review first compares the working principles and process characteristics of two mainstream LAM technologies for preparing oxide composite ceramics, and analyzes the temperature distribution laws and flow characteristics of the molten pool in LAM ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics. Subsequently, it systematically summarizes the research progress on visual and temperature monitoring technologies in the molten pool monitoring of LAM oxide ceramics, and discusses the improvement of the molten pool through process parameter regulation and doping, as well as the application progress of numerical simulation in this field. Finally, the future development and directions of LAM ultra-high temperature oxide eutectic ceramics are prospected.

The main research results obtained are as follows: 1) The processes of preparing oxide composite ceramics by two technologies, i.e., laser directed energy deposition (LDED) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), are compared. The differences between the two processes in key parameters such as powder delivery, spot size, and scanning speed are clarified, and the preparation of oxide composite ceramic components with wall-like, angular, and irregular complex shapes is realized; 2) The temperature distribution and flow characteristics of the molten pool of oxide composite ceramics during the LAM process are deeply revealed. The molten pool temperature characteristics and the resulting residual stress and crack formation mechanism are clarified. The influence of the molten pool flow mode dominated by the Marangoni convection on the pore formation and the microstructure evolution law caused by differences in undercooling is also analyzed; and 3) A numerical simulation technology for the molten pool of LAM oxide composite ceramics is established, the heat source model is optimized, and the influence of process parameters on the molten pool behavior is clarified. The microstructure evolution and defect formation mechanism of oxide composite ceramics are revealed through multi-field coupling, providing a theoretical support for defect suppression.

Summary and Prospects

As one of the new ultra-high temperature structural candidate materials, oxide composite ceramics show great application prospects in the hot-end structural components of a new generation of high-end aerospace equipment due to their excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and other properties. In recent years, researchers have conducted detailed monitoring on the stability, temperature distribution, and flow mode of the oxide composite ceramics molten pool using monitoring methods such as high-speed cameras, spectrometers, and thermal imaging. This can clarify the microstructure and defect formation process after solidification, and provide rich molten pool information support for the development of numerical simulation. Although significant progress is made in the existing research on molten pool monitoring and regulation, LAM oxide composite ceramics still inevitably have various defects, making their practical application unable to meet the requirements. To break through the bottleneck in the preparation of large-sized complex-structured oxide ceramics, more in-depth and systematic research on the monitoring and regulation of the molten pool prepared by LAM is needed. Future research can focus on the following directions, i.e., 1) Exploring the preparation technology of large-sized complex oxide composite ceramic components and establishing a multi-factor collaborative regulation method for the molten pool; 2) Promoting the integration of machine vision and feedback control to realize intelligent control in the LAM preparation process; and 3) Developing the multi-field coupling numerical simulation technology for LAM oxide composite ceramics, thus providing a theoretical support for in-depth research on the mechanism of defect formation and evolution.

, authors=Peiyi ZHU1, Haijun SU1, 2, Hao JIANG1, Minghui YU1, Yun ZHANG1, Shengyang YU1, Yinuo GUO1, 2, Zhuo ZHANG1, Min GUO1, authorsList=Peiyi ZHU, Haijun SU, Hao JIANG, Minghui YU, Yun ZHANG, Shengyang YU, Yinuo GUO, Zhuo ZHANG, Min GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haijun SU, authorNote=

ZHU Peiyi (2001-), male, Master candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
{SU} Haijun (1981-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:
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氧化物复合陶瓷具有优异的高温力学性能、抗氧化性能、抗腐蚀性能及热稳定性，被认为是适用于航空航天领域极端环境下的新一代超高温结构材料。激光增材制造（LAM）作为一种先进的高效柔性智能制造技术，在制备高精度复杂形状构件方面具有独特的优势，并已在金属及其复合材料领域取得了广泛的应用。然而，由于氧化物复合陶瓷具有高熔点及高裂纹敏感性，LAM过程中熔池呈现复杂的温度分布与流动行为，难以对其熔化及凝固过程精确控制，极易产生裂纹、气孔等缺陷，从而严重影响材料的一体化制备及性能。针对上述问题，本文首先概述了目前主流制备氧化物复合陶瓷的2种LAM技术的工作原理及工艺特点，包括激光定向能量沉积与激光粉末床熔融技术；重点分析了LAM制备氧化物复合陶瓷熔池的温度分布与流动特点。其次，系统总结了LAM制备氧化物复合陶瓷熔池监测技术的研究进展，包括熔池尺寸、稳定性、温度分布及缺陷形成过程的实时监测方法。同时，深入讨论了工艺参数调控、成分掺杂在改善熔池行为方面的作用，并介绍了数值模拟在该领域的最新应用进展。最后，提出了目前LAM氧化物复合陶瓷熔池调控所面临的主要挑战，并从多因素协同调控熔池的方法、机器视觉与反馈控制的集成以及多物理场耦合模拟等方面展望了该领域未来发展的趋势及方向。

, authors=朱培艺1, 苏海军1, 2, 姜浩1, 余明辉1, 张云1, 余升阳1, 郭一诺1, 2, 张卓1, 郭敏1, authorsList=朱培艺, 苏海军, 姜浩, 余明辉, 张云, 余升阳, 郭一诺, 张卓, 郭敏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=苏海军, authorNote=

朱培艺（2001—），男，硕士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
苏海军（1981—），男，博士，教授。
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朱培艺（2001—），男，硕士研究生。

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激光增材制造超高温氧化物复合陶瓷熔池行为监测与调控研究进展
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朱培艺 1 , 苏海军 1, 2 , 姜浩 1 , 余明辉 1 , 张云 1 , 余升阳 1 , 郭一诺 1, 2 , 张卓 1 , 郭敏 1
硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(9): 3032-3046
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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (9) : 3032 -3046
激光增材制造超高温氧化物复合陶瓷熔池行为监测与调控研究进展
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朱培艺1 , 苏海军1, 2 , 姜浩1, 余明辉1, 张云1, 余升阳1, 郭一诺1, 2, 张卓1, 郭敏1
作者信息
  • 1．西北工业大学，凝固技术全国重点实验室，西安 710072
  • 2．西北工业大学深圳研究院，广东 深圳 518057
通讯作者:
苏海军（1981—），男，博士，教授。
作者简介:

朱培艺（2001—），男，硕士研究生。

Research Progress on Monitoring and Regulation of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ultra-High Temperature Oxide Composite Ceramics
Peiyi ZHU1 , Haijun SU1, 2 , Hao JIANG1, Minghui YU1, Yun ZHANG1, Shengyang YU1, Yinuo GUO1, 2, Zhuo ZHANG1, Min GUO1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
  • 2.Research Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    {SU} Haijun (1981-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:

    ZHU Peiyi (2001-), male, Master candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2026-08-18 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250939
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氧化物复合陶瓷具有优异的高温力学性能、抗氧化性能、抗腐蚀性能及热稳定性，被认为是适用于航空航天领域极端环境下的新一代超高温结构材料。激光增材制造（LAM）作为一种先进的高效柔性智能制造技术，在制备高精度复杂形状构件方面具有独特的优势，并已在金属及其复合材料领域取得了广泛的应用。然而，由于氧化物复合陶瓷具有高熔点及高裂纹敏感性，LAM过程中熔池呈现复杂的温度分布与流动行为，难以对其熔化及凝固过程精确控制，极易产生裂纹、气孔等缺陷，从而严重影响材料的一体化制备及性能。针对上述问题，本文首先概述了目前主流制备氧化物复合陶瓷的2种LAM技术的工作原理及工艺特点，包括激光定向能量沉积与激光粉末床熔融技术；重点分析了LAM制备氧化物复合陶瓷熔池的温度分布与流动特点。其次，系统总结了LAM制备氧化物复合陶瓷熔池监测技术的研究进展，包括熔池尺寸、稳定性、温度分布及缺陷形成过程的实时监测方法。同时，深入讨论了工艺参数调控、成分掺杂在改善熔池行为方面的作用，并介绍了数值模拟在该领域的最新应用进展。最后，提出了目前LAM氧化物复合陶瓷熔池调控所面临的主要挑战，并从多因素协同调控熔池的方法、机器视觉与反馈控制的集成以及多物理场耦合模拟等方面展望了该领域未来发展的趋势及方向。

氧化物复合陶瓷  /  激光增材制造  /  熔池监测技术  /  熔池调控方法  /  数值模拟

The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of an engine is a critical factor affecting the thrust-to-weight ratio. With the upgrade and replacement of fighter jets, the TIT increases significantly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced structural materials that can maintain excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in ultra-high temperature extreme environments, and explore efficient and controllable preparation processes to meet the service requirements of future engines. Among numerous materials, oxide composite ceramics possess outstanding high-temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and exhibit excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and remarkable microstructural stability. They become one of the most promising candidates for ultra-high temperature structural materials. So far, oxide composite ceramics have been successfully prepared through a variety of technologies. However, these solidification technologies have obvious limitations in preparing large-sized complex-shaped or hollow components.

The emergence of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology provides a possibility to solve these problems. The application of LAM technology in the preparation of oxide composite ceramics is expected to break through the bottleneck in the preparation of large-sized complex components. However, compared with metal materials, ceramic materials have characteristics such as high melting point, high brittleness, and high melt viscosity, which easily lead to defects like cracks and pores during the LAM process, greatly restricting their engineering application. The molten pool, as the basic unit in the LAM forming process, directly affects the forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the obtained samples through its internal flow state, grain growth mechanism, and the distribution and evolution of the temperature and stress fields.

This review first compares the working principles and process characteristics of two mainstream LAM technologies for preparing oxide composite ceramics, and analyzes the temperature distribution laws and flow characteristics of the molten pool in LAM ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics. Subsequently, it systematically summarizes the research progress on visual and temperature monitoring technologies in the molten pool monitoring of LAM oxide ceramics, and discusses the improvement of the molten pool through process parameter regulation and doping, as well as the application progress of numerical simulation in this field. Finally, the future development and directions of LAM ultra-high temperature oxide eutectic ceramics are prospected.

The main research results obtained are as follows: 1) The processes of preparing oxide composite ceramics by two technologies, i.e., laser directed energy deposition (LDED) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), are compared. The differences between the two processes in key parameters such as powder delivery, spot size, and scanning speed are clarified, and the preparation of oxide composite ceramic components with wall-like, angular, and irregular complex shapes is realized; 2) The temperature distribution and flow characteristics of the molten pool of oxide composite ceramics during the LAM process are deeply revealed. The molten pool temperature characteristics and the resulting residual stress and crack formation mechanism are clarified. The influence of the molten pool flow mode dominated by the Marangoni convection on the pore formation and the microstructure evolution law caused by differences in undercooling is also analyzed; and 3) A numerical simulation technology for the molten pool of LAM oxide composite ceramics is established, the heat source model is optimized, and the influence of process parameters on the molten pool behavior is clarified. The microstructure evolution and defect formation mechanism of oxide composite ceramics are revealed through multi-field coupling, providing a theoretical support for defect suppression.

Summary and Prospects

As one of the new ultra-high temperature structural candidate materials, oxide composite ceramics show great application prospects in the hot-end structural components of a new generation of high-end aerospace equipment due to their excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and other properties. In recent years, researchers have conducted detailed monitoring on the stability, temperature distribution, and flow mode of the oxide composite ceramics molten pool using monitoring methods such as high-speed cameras, spectrometers, and thermal imaging. This can clarify the microstructure and defect formation process after solidification, and provide rich molten pool information support for the development of numerical simulation. Although significant progress is made in the existing research on molten pool monitoring and regulation, LAM oxide composite ceramics still inevitably have various defects, making their practical application unable to meet the requirements. To break through the bottleneck in the preparation of large-sized complex-structured oxide ceramics, more in-depth and systematic research on the monitoring and regulation of the molten pool prepared by LAM is needed. Future research can focus on the following directions, i.e., 1) Exploring the preparation technology of large-sized complex oxide composite ceramic components and establishing a multi-factor collaborative regulation method for the molten pool; 2) Promoting the integration of machine vision and feedback control to realize intelligent control in the LAM preparation process; and 3) Developing the multi-field coupling numerical simulation technology for LAM oxide composite ceramics, thus providing a theoretical support for in-depth research on the mechanism of defect formation and evolution.

oxide composite ceramics  /  laser additive manufacturing  /  molten pool monitoring technology  /  molten pool regulation method  /  numerical simulation
朱培艺, 苏海军, 姜浩, 余明辉, 张云, 余升阳, 郭一诺, 张卓, 郭敏. 激光增材制造超高温氧化物复合陶瓷熔池行为监测与调控研究进展. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3032 -3046 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250939
Peiyi ZHU, Haijun SU, Hao JIANG, Minghui YU, Yun ZHANG, Shengyang YU, Yinuo GUO, Zhuo ZHANG, Min GUO. Research Progress on Monitoring and Regulation of Melt Pool Behavior in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ultra-High Temperature Oxide Composite Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (9) : 3032 -3046 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250939
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  • 国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3714502)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52130204; 52174376)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024CY-GJHX-29; 2024GX-ZDCYL-03-03)
  • 国家先进稀有金属创新中心项目(2024ZG-GCZX-01（1）-01)
  • 宁波市科技计划项目(2025Z070)
  • 苏州国家实验室开放课题(SZLAB-1108-2025-TS002)
  • 西北工业大学凝固技术全国重点实验室开放课题(2025-TZ-01)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250939
  • 接收时间：2025-12-29
  • 首发时间：2026-10-22
  • 出版时间：2026-08-18
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  • 收稿日期：2025-12-29
  • 修回日期：2026-01-18
基金
国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3714502)
国家自然科学基金(52130204; 52174376)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024CY-GJHX-29; 2024GX-ZDCYL-03-03)
国家先进稀有金属创新中心项目(2024ZG-GCZX-01（1）-01)
宁波市科技计划项目(2025Z070)
苏州国家实验室开放课题(SZLAB-1108-2025-TS002)
西北工业大学凝固技术全国重点实验室开放课题(2025-TZ-01)
作者信息
    1．西北工业大学，凝固技术全国重点实验室，西安 710072
    2．西北工业大学深圳研究院，广东 深圳 518057

通讯作者:

苏海军（1981—），男，博士，教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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