硅酸盐学报

兼具可见光区高透过率与储能性能的无铅铌酸钾钠基弛豫铁电储能陶瓷

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王子怡 ¹ , 黄翔宇 ¹ , 孙一鸣 ¹ , 彭建凌 ¹ , 林奇发 ² , 林锦锋 ¹ , 杨震 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(6): 1926-1936

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (6) : 1926 -1936

兼具可见光区高透过率与储能性能的无铅铌酸钾钠基弛豫铁电储能陶瓷

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王子怡¹, 黄翔宇¹, 孙一鸣¹, 彭建凌¹, 林奇发², 林锦锋¹, 杨震¹

作者信息

^1．福建师范大学海峡柔性电子（未来科技）学院，福州 350117

^2．福州大学材料科学与工程学院，福州 350108

通讯作者:

林锦锋（1993—），男，博士，副教授；

杨震（1988—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

王子怡（2002—），女，硕士研究生；

黄翔宇（1999—），男，硕士研究生。

Energy Storage Performance and High Optical Transmittance in Visible Light Range of Lead-Free Potassium Sodium Niobate-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

Ziyi WANG¹, Xiangyu HUANG¹, Yiming SUN¹, Jianling PENG¹, Qifa LIN², Jinfeng LIN¹, Zhen YANG¹

Affiliations

^1.Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China

^2.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

Corresponding Author:

LIN Jinfeng (1993-), male, Ph. D., Associate Professor. E-mail: ifejflin@fjnu.edu.cn;

YANG Zhen (1988-), male, Ph. D., Professor. ifezhyang@fjnu.edu.cn

WANG Ziyi (2002-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: qsx20241511@student.fjnu.edu.cn;

HUANG Xiangyu (1999-), male, Master candidate. huangxiangyu1999@qq.com

出版时间: 2026-05-13 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250861

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摘要

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采用传统固相反应法并结合无压烧结工艺，制备了（1-x%）（K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃）-x%（Sr_0.7Bi_0.2TiO₃）（x = 1、4、7、10、15，摩尔分数）无铅铁电陶瓷，简称为xSBT，并系统研究了其微观结构、相结构演变、光学及储能性能。结果表明，SBT的引入有效细化了晶粒尺寸，促进了致密化，使7SBT和10SBT陶瓷在可见光区分别获得约72%和58%的高透过率。同时，SBT掺杂还诱导了KNN陶瓷由正常铁电体向弛豫铁电体转变，其中7SBT和10SBT组分表现出显著的弛豫特性。7SBT陶瓷在150 kV/cm电场下的储能效率（η） ~ 52%，可恢复储能密度（W_rec）可达~1.05 J/cm³；对于弛豫性更强的10SBT陶瓷，在300 kV/cm电场下的η约为52%，W_rec可达3.61 J/cm³，这优异的综合性能（储能密度与透光性）在已报道的无铅铁电陶瓷中具有显著优势，为开发适用于光电集成领域的高性能无铅铁电透明储能介质提供了重要的材料体系与理论支撑。

关键词

无铅铁电陶瓷 / 铌酸钾钠基陶瓷 / 透光性 / 铁电储能 / 弛豫特性

Abstract

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Introduction

(1-x%)(K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃)-x%(Sr_0.7Bi_0.2TiO₃) (x = 1, 4, 7, 10, and 15 molar fraction) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics, denoted as xSBT, were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method and a subsequent pressureless sintering. The effect of SBT incorporation on the microstructure, phase evolution, optical properties, and energy storage performance was investigated. The introduction of SBT effectively refined the grain size and promoted densification, resulting in a high optical transmittance of 72% and 58% in the visible region for the 7SBT and 10SBT ceramics, respectively. SBT doping induced a transition from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric state in the KNN-based matrix, with the 7SBT and 10SBT compositions exhibiting pronounced relaxor characteristics. The results of ferroelectric performance tests revealed recoverable energy storage densities of approximately 1.05 J/cm³ at 150 kV/cm for 7SBT and 3.61 J/cm³ at 300 kV/cm for 10SBT, accompanied by an energy storage efficiency of 52%. This outstanding comprehensive performance (energy storage density and optical transmittance) demonstrated significant advantages over other reported lead-free ferroelectric ceramic systems, thereby providing both a material system and theoretical foundation for developing high-performance lead-free ferroelectric transparent dielectrics for optoelectronic integrated applications.

Methods

(1-x%)(K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃) -x%(Sr_0.7Bi_0.2TiO₃) (x = 1, 4, 7, 10, and 15) ceramics, denoted as xSBT, were fabricated with high-purity oxides and carbonates as starting materials by a conventional solid-state reaction method and a subsequnt pressureless sintering. The phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure and elemental distribution were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The structural evolution was determined by Raman spectroscopy. The optical transmittance was measured by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry. The temperature-dependent relative dielectric permittivity (ε_r) was evaluated by an impedance analyzer and the polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops were measured by a ferroelectric test system to assess energy storage performance. Results and discussion The SEM images demonstrate that the introduction of xSBT effectively refines the grain size and promotes the microstructural densification. The grain size is significantly reduced from approximately 290 nm (as x = 4) to below 150 nm (as x = 7 and 10), effectively minimizing a light scattering. Consequently, the 7SBT and 10SBT ceramics achieve a high optical transmittance of approximately 72% and 58% at 800 nm in the visible light region, respectively.The XRD patterns and XRD Rietveld refinement results reveal a continuous phase structural evolution with increasing x content, i.e., from an orthorhombic phase (x = 1) to a tetragonal phase (x = 4), then to a coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phases (x = 7, 10), and finally to a pure cubic phase (x = 15). This progression signifies a structural transition from low-symmetry orthorhombic to high-symmetry cubic phases. The enhanced structural symmetry, along with chemical disorder induced by heterovalent substitutions of Sr²⁺/Bi³⁺/Ti⁴⁺, effectively can disrupte the long-range ferroelectric order, facilitating the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs) and leading to a pronounced relaxor behavior. This is quantitatively supported by the significant increase in the diffuseness coefficient (γ) to 1.49 and 1.56 for x = 7 and 10, respectively. Correspondingly, the P-E loops evolve from a saturated square shape for 1SBT to a slim shape for 10SBT. As a result, the 7SBT and 10SBT compositions deliver recoverable energy storage densities (W_rec) of 1.05 J/cm³ in 150 kV/cm and 3.61 J/cm³ in 300 kV/cm, respectively, with an efficiency (η) of 52%. The combination of high optical transmittance and superior energy storage performance makes the xSBT ceramics a promising lead-free material system for integrated optoelectronic applications.

Conclusions

This study achieved the grain refinement and structural densification in KNN-based ceramics via doping SBT components, resulting in lead-free ceramics with a high optical transparency. The optical transmittance of the 7SBT and 10SBT ceramics in the visible light region reached 72% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the increased crystal symmetry and introduced chemical disorder by SBT doping disrupted the long-range ferroelectric order of the KNN matrix, thereby inducing pronounced relaxor characteristics. These modifications contributed to excellent ferroelectric energy storage properties in the 7SBT and 10SBT transparent ceramics. The 7SBT and 10SBT ceramics maintained an energy storage efficiency of 52% in electric fields of 150 kV/cm and 300 kV/cm, respectively, while achieving recoverable energy storage densities of approximately 1.05 J/cm³ and 3.61 J/cm³. Their outstanding overall performance (i.e., energy storage density and optical transparency) demonstrated significant advantages among reported lead-free ferroelectric transparent ceramics. This work could provide important theoretical and experimental foundations for advancing key materials in next-generation optoelectronic integrated systems and open pathways for designing novel multifunctional lead-free ferroelectric ceramics. The main limitation could lie in the substantial room for improvement in the energy storage efficiency of the current system. Future work could involve more precise composition control and interfacial engineering to reduce dielectric loss and leakage. In addition, the stability of electrical performance across wide temperature ranges and high frequencies could also require a systematic evaluation.

Key words

lead-free ferroelectric ceramics / potassium sodium niobate-based ceramics / optical transmittance / ferroelectric energy storage / relaxor characteristics

引用本文

王子怡, 黄翔宇, 孙一鸣, 彭建凌, 林奇发, 林锦锋, 杨震. 兼具可见光区高透过率与储能性能的无铅铌酸钾钠基弛豫铁电储能陶瓷. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (6) : 1926 -1936 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250861

Ziyi WANG, Xiangyu HUANG, Yiming SUN, Jianling PENG, Qifa LIN, Jinfeng LIN, Zhen YANG. Energy Storage Performance and High Optical Transmittance in Visible Light Range of Lead-Free Potassium Sodium Niobate-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (6) : 1926 -1936 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250861

基金

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国家青年科学基金项目（C类）(52502133)

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2026年第54卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250861

接收时间：2025-11-21
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-05-13

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收稿日期：2025-11-21
修回日期：2025-12-23

基金

国家青年科学基金项目（C类）(52502133)

作者信息

^1．福建师范大学海峡柔性电子（未来科技）学院，福州 350117

^2．福州大学材料科学与工程学院，福州 350108

通讯作者:

林锦锋（1993—），男，博士，副教授；

杨震（1988—），男，博士，教授。

参考文献

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250861

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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