硅酸盐学报

粉煤灰中玻璃体含量定量分析方法

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吴葵 ¹ , 程嘉怡 ² , 胡文辉 ³ , 阎培渝 ⁴ , 韩建国 ⁴

硅酸盐学报 | 研究论文 2026,54(8): 2857-2873

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硅酸盐学报 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (8) : 2857 -2873

粉煤灰中玻璃体含量定量分析方法

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吴葵¹, 程嘉怡², 胡文辉³, 阎培渝⁴, 韩建国⁴

作者信息

^1．中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室，北京 100038

^2．青岛理工大学土木工程学院，山东青岛 266525

^3．新疆水发建设集团有限公司，乌鲁木齐 830000

⁴清华大学土木工程系，北京 100084

通讯作者:

韩建国（1974—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师。

作者简介:

吴葵（1993—），男，博士研究生，工程师。

Quantitative Analysis Methods for Glass Content in Fly Ash

Kui WU¹, Jiayi CHENG², Wenhui HU³, Peiyu YAN⁴, Jianguo HAN⁴

Affiliations

^1.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

^2.School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, Shandong, China

^3.Xinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China

^4.Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding Author:

{HAN} Jianguo (1974-), male, Ph.D., Professor-level Senior Engineer. E-mail: hanjg@tsinghua.edu.cn

WU Kui (1993-), male, Ph.D., Doctoral candidate, Engineer. E-mail: wukui@iwhr.com

出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250847

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摘要

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粉煤灰玻璃体含量确定是其组成特性（玻璃体含量、晶体种类和含量、玻璃体相组成）表征的关键环节，更是调控和优化粉煤灰工程应用性能（新拌工作性、体积稳定性、水化历程、水化产物、抗渗透性能和力学性能）的参数基础。针对4种低钙粉煤灰、4种高钙粉煤灰，使用碱酸两段溶解法（先NaOH，再HNO₃）、酸溶解法（HF）和定量X射线衍射法（QXRD），对粉煤灰中的玻璃体含量进行定量分析，并对比分析3种测试方法的准确性。研究结果表明，3种测试方法相比，定量X射线衍射法具有测试精度高、表征粉煤灰组分全面的特点；碱酸两段溶解法和酸溶解法虽可粗略表征粉煤灰中玻璃体含量，但测试精度差，究其原因，是因为碱溶液和/或酸溶液对粉煤灰进行溶解的过程中，一方面会造成晶体如石英、莫来石的溶解，另一方面还会生成新的晶体，如水菱镁石和托钵莫来石等，同时残留玻璃相，从而降低了这2种测试方法的精度。因此，粉煤灰中玻璃体含量的定量分析应采用定量X射线衍射法。

关键词

粉煤灰 / 玻璃体含量 / 碱酸两段溶解法 / 酸溶解法 / 定量X射线衍射法

Abstract

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Introduction

Determining the glass content in fly ash is crucial for characterizing its compositional properties (i.e., glass content, crystal types and quantities, and glass phase composition) and serves as a fundamental parameter for regulating and optimizing its engineering performance (i.e., fresh workability, volume stability, hydration process and products, anti-permeability, and mechanical performance). The glass content of four low-calcium and four high-calcium fly ash samples can be quantitatively analyzed by three methods, i.e., the alkaline-acid two-step dissolution method (NaOH followed by HNO₃), the acid dissolution method (HF), and quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) method. A comparison of the three methods demonstrates that QXRD offers superior testing precision and characterizes the full components of fly ash, unlike the two dissolution methods. Although the two dissolution methods can provide a rough estimation of glass content, their precision is relatively poor. This low precision is attributed to the dissolution of crystalline phases (like quartz and mullite), the formation of new crystalline phases (such as hydromagnesite and tobermorite) during the dissolution process, and the residual undissolved glass phases. Consequently, QXRD can be recommended for the quantitative analysis of fly ash glass content.

Methods

The glass content of eight different fly ash samples was measured by three characterization methods, i.e., the alkaline-acid two-step dissolution method (NaOH followed by HNO₃), the acid dissolution method (HF), and quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD). A comparison of the results revealed a significant discrepancy between these three testing methods, highlighting a need for further research. To investigate the dissolution power of the NaOH and HNO₃ solutions, two additional methods (i.e., the alkaline dissolution method (NaOH) and the acid dissolution method (HNO₃) were adopted. The respective dissolving capabilities toward both the crystalline and glassy phases of the eight fly ash samples were ultimately disclosed via using QXRD to analyze the dissolving effect of these four dissolution methods.

Results and discussion

The dissolving characteristics of the four dissolution methods (i.e., alkaline, HF acid, HNO₃ acid, and two-step) on the crystalline and glass phases of fly ash are analyzed by linear regression and the Pearson correlation method, based on the measured glass and crystal contents remaining after each treatment. The linear regression between the crystal content of the raw fly ash and the residual crystal content after dissolution demonstrates that the crystalline phases of fly ash are dissolvable by both alkaline and/or acid solutions. Furthermore, the results confirm that glass phase residue remains after all alkaline and/or acid treatments, indicating that none of the dissolution methods can achieve a precise selective dissolution of the fly ash's glassy phase. The Pearson correlation method is employed to investigate the dissolving tendency of the crystalline and glass phases in the different solutions. The resulting fly ash component-Pearson correlation coefficient diagram effectively reveals the dissolution characteristics of fly ash components in various alkaline and/or acid solution, thereby clearly explaining the underlying dissolution mechanism and demonstrating the infeasibility of using these alkaline and/or acid dissolution methods for accurately determining the fly ash's glass content.

Conclusions

The quantitative analysis of the glass content in four low-calcium and four high-calcium fly ash samples was conducted by three methods, i.e., the alkaline-acid two-step dissolution method (NaOH followed by HNO₃), the acid dissolution method (HF), and quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD). For the three methods, QXRD demonstrated superior precision and comprehensiveness, determining the glass content and the types and quantities of crystalline phases, whereas the two dissolution methods showed a lower precision. The QXRD analysis of the dissolution residues revealed that using alkaline (NaOH) and/or acid (HNO₃, HF) solutions failed to achieve an ideal selective dissolution of the fly ash's glass and crystalline phases. Furthermore, new crystalline phases were sometimes generated during the dissolution process, fundamentally limiting the accuracy of using these dissolution methods for quantitative analysis of glass content. Based on the results of QXRD tests on both the raw fly ash and the alkaline/acid dissolution residues, the error sources were associated with using alkaline and/or acid dissolution methods for determining fly ash glass content. The application of the Pearson correlation method and the resulting interpretation of the reaction mechanisms and products between fly ash components and the NaOH, HNO₃, and HF solutions mechanistically revealed the dissolution process and mechanism of fly ash, thereby fundamentally explaining the infeasibility of accurately quantifying fly ash glass content by alkaline and/or acid dissolution methods.

Key words

fly ash / glass content / alkaline-acid two-step dissolution method / acid dissolution method / quantitative X-ray diffraction

引用本文

吴葵, 程嘉怡, 胡文辉, 阎培渝, 韩建国. 粉煤灰中玻璃体含量定量分析方法. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (8) : 2857 -2873 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250847

Kui WU, Jiayi CHENG, Wenhui HU, Peiyu YAN, Jianguo HAN. Quantitative Analysis Methods for Glass Content in Fly Ash[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (8) : 2857 -2873 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250847

基金

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流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室资助(SKL2025TDGG02)
清华大学国强研究院项目(2022GQC0007)
新疆水发建设集团(EQ098/FY079; QBT067/FY28)

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2026年第54卷第8期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250847

接收时间：2025-11-16
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-05-15

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-11-16
修回日期：2025-12-11

基金

流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室资助(SKL2025TDGG02)

清华大学国强研究院项目(2022GQC0007)

新疆水发建设集团(EQ098/FY079; QBT067/FY28)

作者信息

^1．中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室，北京 100038

^2．青岛理工大学土木工程学院，山东青岛 266525

^3．新疆水发建设集团有限公司，乌鲁木齐 830000

⁴清华大学土木工程系，北京 100084

通讯作者:

韩建国（1974—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250847

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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