Article(id=1320095751259148746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320095743872971684, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250768, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761062400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-22, revisedDate=1765900800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792664953293, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1778515200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792664953293, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792664953293, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792664953293, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320095743872971684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='1881', pageEnd='2170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792664951531, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792738533970, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320404371276411812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320095743872971684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320404371276411813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320095743872971684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1991, endPage=2006, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320095751447892427, articleId=1320095751259148746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Recent Progress on Electric Field-Induced Strain Properties of Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics, columnId=1263922772401635899, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Piezoelectric actuators, which are recognized as highly promising micro-displacement driving devices due to their merits of small size, large driving force, high-precision displacement, and fast response, are widely applied in fields such as microelectronics, precision machining, precision measurement, optical fiber calibration, aerospace and biomedical engineering. Relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with their outstanding electrostrain properties emerge as ideal materials for fabricating piezoelectric actuators. As a core component of piezoelectric actuators, the electric field-induced strain properties of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics have a significant influence on the stroke, precision and efficiency of the actuators, directly determining their overall performance. This review represents the research progress on the electrostrain characteristics of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics. This review focuses on the origins of electrostrain in relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, encompassing the electrostrictive effect, inverse piezoelectric effect, domain wall motion, field-induced phase transition, and defect engineering. The causes and calculation of strain hysteresis are also represented. Subsequently, this review describes the research progress on the electrostrain properties of both lead-based and lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics. For lead-based ferroelectric ceramics, the focus is on three representative systems, i.e., PMN-PT, PZ-PT, and BS-PT, while lead-free ferroelectric ceramics primarily center on BNT-based, KNN-based, and BF-BT-based ceramics. In particular, this review emphasizes the recently discovered method of electric field-induced bending deformation in KNN-based ferroelectric ceramics, which is proven to significantly enhance the strain response of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics. Finally, the review analyzes the existing challenges and future prospects for the electrostrain properties of both lead-based and lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics.
Summary and Prospects Lead-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics exhibit relatively low strain hysteresis (mostly below 20%) and superior strain temperature stability, demonstrating significant advantages in electrostrain properties, which are highly favorable for applications in high-precision piezoelectric actuators. The existing lead-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics still dominate the high-end piezoelectric actuator market. However, lead is extremely harmful to human health and the environment, and numerous domestic and international policies have explicitly restricted the usage of lead. Consequently, reducing the lead content or even achieving lead-free compositions in ferroelectric ceramics becomes an inevitable trend. Although lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, which avoid the environmental toxicity of lead, become a research hotspot in the piezoelectric materials field, their comprehensive electrostrain properties still cannot compete with those of lead-based ferroelectric ceramics for piezoelectric actuator applications. Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics can achieve high electrostrain responses through reversible phase transitions between relaxor and ferroelectric phase, they suffer from excessively large strain hysteresis and poor strain temperature stability. How to realize a balanced electrostrain properties remains a core challenge for lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics. Despite these challenges, lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are expected to replace lead-based ferroelectric ceramics in mid-to-low-end applications through component design, process optimization, and reliability improvements. Nevertheless, in high precision or extreme environment scenarios, lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics still struggle to fully substitute lead-based ceramics, necessitating long-term technological breakthroughs.
, authors=Hongrui JIA
1, Lin CAO
1, Peng LI
2, Jing WEI
2, Junrui XU
1, Linghang WANG
2, authorsList=Hongrui JIA, Lin CAO, Peng LI, Jing WEI, Junrui XU, Linghang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Linghang WANG, authorNote=
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压电致动器具有体积小、驱动力大、位移精度高以及响应速度快等优点，被认为是一种非常有前途的微位移驱动器件。弛豫铁电陶瓷凭借出色的电致应变特性，已成为制备压电致动器的理想材料。作为压电致动器的核心元件，弛豫铁电陶瓷电场诱导的应变特性会对致动器的行程、精度和效率产生显著影响，直接决定了器件整体性能。针对弛豫铁电陶瓷的电致应变特性，文章首先重点介绍了弛豫铁电陶瓷材料电致应变的起源，包括电致伸缩效应、逆压电效应、畴壁移动、场致相变效应和缺陷工程；其次，综述了铅基弛豫铁电陶瓷和无铅弛豫铁电陶瓷电致应变特性的最新研究进展；最后，分析了目前铅基弛豫铁电陶瓷和无铅弛豫铁电陶瓷电致应变特性各自存在的问题和未来所面临的挑战。
, authors=贾红瑞
1, 曹琳
1, 李鹏
2, 魏晶
2, 徐俊瑞
1, 王领航
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王领航（1976—），男，博士，副教授。
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1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China, bio={"content":"
JIA Hongrui (1990-), male, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: hrjia@imut.edu.cn
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JIA Hongrui (1990-), male, Ph.D., Lecturer. E-mail: hrjia@imut.edu.cn
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贾红瑞（1990—），男，博士，讲师。
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2．西安交通大学电子科学与工程学院，电子陶瓷与器件教育部重点实验室，西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320095752005734864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320095752018317777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, companyId=1320095752005734864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320095752873955814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, authorId=1320095752743932387, language=CN, stringName=魏晶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2．西安交通大学电子科学与工程学院，电子陶瓷与器件教育部重点实验室，西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320095752005734864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320095752018317777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, companyId=1320095752005734864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320095753113031147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, authorId=1320095752941064680, language=CN, stringName=徐俊瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320095753343717872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, articleId=1320095751259148746, authorId=1320095753184334317, language=CN, stringName=王领航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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