硅酸盐学报

高原低温、低湿和低压环境条件对混凝土工作性能的影响

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雷东移 ¹ , 栾云杰 ¹ , 王建新 ¹ , 吴天旻 ¹ , 李莹 ¹ , 张淑娴 ¹ , 管延峰 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(10): 3750-3768

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (10) : 3750 -3768

高原低温、低湿和低压环境条件对混凝土工作性能的影响

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雷东移¹, 栾云杰¹, 王建新¹, 吴天旻¹, 李莹¹, 张淑娴¹, 管延峰²

作者信息

^1.青岛理工大学土木工程学院（海洋环境混凝土技术教育部工程研究中心），山东　青岛　266520

^2.山东路桥集团有限公司，济南　250014

通讯作者:

李莹（1988-），女，博士，副教授。

作者简介:

雷东移（1986-），男，博士，教授。

Overview of Research on Effects of Low Temperature, Low Humidity, and Low Pressure Environmental Conditions in Plateau on Workability of Concrete

Dongyi LEI¹, Yunjie LUAN¹, Jianxin WANG¹, Tianmin WU¹, Ying LI¹, Shuxian ZHANG¹, Yanfeng GUAN²

Affiliations

^1.Department of Civil Engineering (Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology under Marine Environment, Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, China

^2.Shandong Luqiao Group Co, Ltd, Jinan 250014, China

Corresponding Author:

LI Ying (1988-), female, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: liying@qut.edu.cn

LEI Dongyi (1986-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: leidongyi@qut.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-07-24 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250665

文章导航

摘要

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高原地区的低温度、低湿度及低气压“三低”严酷环境条件会显著影响混凝土的工作性能，导致其浇筑密实度与均匀性下降，进而诱发初始缺陷，对混凝土结构的力学性能与长期耐久性造成不利影响。当前针对高原环境对混凝土性能影响的研究多在于分析其力学性能和耐久性能，早期性能也主要停留在水泥水化过程中的气泡稳定性等方面，未能全面阐释高原“三低”环境作用下混凝土工作性能的影响机理，缺乏高原环境单因素及多因素耦合效应对混凝土工作性能影响的系统概述。为深入理解高原“三低”环境对混凝土工作性能的影响概况，本文从环境影响机理、性能表征方法及调控提升措施3个方面综述了高原“三低”环境影响规律及机理：1）阐述了高原单一及耦合环境因素可改变胶凝材料水化进程与新拌混凝土内部气泡结构，进而导致工作性能劣化的内在机理；2）归纳了环境影响下混凝土工作性能的表征和模拟方法；3）总结了外加剂调控、拌合工艺优化与气泡结构改善等工作性能优化提升措施。最后，本文指出了目前高原“三低”环境下混凝土工作性能研究的不足，并展望未来研究方向，以期为高原地区混凝土的设计、施工与维护提供理论支撑和实用技术。

关键词

高原环境 / 新拌混凝土 / 气泡结构 / 工作性能 / 流变性能 / 提升措施 / 数值分析

Abstract

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The harsh plateau environment characterized by low temperature, low humidity, and low air pressure (referred to as "triple-low" conditions) in plateau areas significantly affects the concrete workability, leading to reduced compactness and uniformity during concrete placement, which in turn induces initial defects such as pores and micro-cracks. These defects not only directly weaken the mechanical properties of concrete structures but also create channels for the ingress of moisture and corrosive media over time, seriously threatening their long-term durability. Currently, research on concrete performance affected by the "triple-low" environment has mainly focused on hardened mechanical properties and durability, whereas research on early-age properties has tended to focus on individual indicators such as bubble stability during cement hydration. Although relevant data have been accumulated, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms of plateau "triple-low" environmental conditions on concrete workability remains lacking, along with a systematic overview of the effects of single environmental factors and multifactor environmental coupling on concrete workability. Furthermore, existing research on characterization and analysis methods for concrete workability remains insufficient, and systematic summaries of performance regulation and enhancement measures tailored to plateau environments remain limited. To gain an in-depth understanding of the effects of plateau “triple-low” environments on concrete workability, this paper reviews the influence patterns and mechanisms from three aspects: environmental impact mechanisms, performance characterization methods, and regulation and enhancement measures.

Environmental impact mechanisms: The workability of concrete is closely related to bubble structure and cement hydration, whereas the "triple-low" environmental factors alter the cement hydration process and bubble structure in concrete. Low temperatures can slow cement hydration and admixture adsorption, thereby increasing the viscosity of fresh concrete; low humidity accelerates water evaporation, affecting cement hydration and reducing water retention; low pressure hinders bubble entrainment and stabilization, leading to greater air-content loss and weaker bubble lubrication. When these three factors act jointly, more complex coupling effects occur, thereby further exacerbating the deterioration of concrete workability.

Characterization and analysis methods: To accurately evaluate the performance of concrete in plateau environments, more advanced testing and simulation methods are needed. For testing methods, current approaches mainly rely on environmental simulation equipment combined with traditional experimental techniques, yet there is still a lack of specialized testing technologies suitable for coupled environmental factors. For characterization models, although environmental parameters or preliminary coupled models have been introduced to improve accuracy, they do not adequately capture the actual influence of multifield coupling, resulting in substantial deviations between predicted and measured values. In numerical simulations, while methods such as finite-element and discrete-element analyses can provide multi-scale insights into single-factor mechanisms, they have not yet achieved systematic simulation of coupling among multiple environmental factors.

Regulation and enhancement measures: Current research primarily improves workability from the following three aspects. In terms of admixtures, air-entraining agents, polymers, antifreeze agents, water reducers, and nanomaterials have been shown to be effective in improving workability, and the ongoing development of new admixtures provides a basis for further enhancement. Additionally, regulating bubble structure and optimizing mixing processes can compensate for air-content loss, enhance bubble stability, and adjust rheological properties, thereby improving the workability of concrete.

Summary and prospects

As a key factor determining the long-term performance of concrete, is significantly affected by the plateau "triple-low" environment. This paper reviews the influence patterns and underlying mechanisms of the plateau "triple-low" environment from three aspects: environmental impact mechanisms, performance characterization methods, and regulation and enhancement measures. In terms of environmental impacts, studies have confirmed that individual environmental factors can cause retarded hydration, accelerated water evaporation, and unstable bubble structures, while multifactor environments exhibit more complex nonlinear characteristics, further reducing the workability of concrete. However, future research still needs to quantify the interactions among workability, hydration degree, and bubble structure under the coupled "triple-low" effects, and systematically elucidate their comprehensive mechanisms of action by incorporating factors such as temperature variations, radiation, and strong winds, to support the safe and efficient application of concrete in plateau regions. In terms of performance characterization, current studies mainly rely on combining environmental simulation with traditional rheological testing methods, yet there is a lack of specialized testing techniques for coupled environmental factors in plateau regions; although characterization models have been improved by incorporating environmental parameters, they still struggle to accurately predict rheological behavior under multifield coupling; although numerical simulations can analyze single-factor effects across multiple scales, they remain insufficient for simulating environmental coupling. For performance enhancement measures, the development and application of admixtures such as air-entraining agents, polymers, antifreeze agents, water reducers, and nanomaterials have been shown to be effective in improving concrete workability. Additionally, regulating bubble structures and optimizing mixing processes can compensate for air content loss and improve rheological properties. However, to achieve precise regulation of concrete workability in plateau environments, systematic methods for multifactor synergistic regulation need to be established, covering admixture formulation, process-parameter optimization, and bubble-structure system design.

Key words

plateau environment / fresh concrete / bubble structure / workability / rheological properties / enhancement measures / numerical analysis

引用本文

雷东移, 栾云杰, 王建新, 吴天旻, 李莹, 张淑娴, 管延峰. 高原低温、低湿和低压环境条件对混凝土工作性能的影响. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3750 -3768 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250665

Dongyi LEI, Yunjie LUAN, Jianxin WANG, Tianmin WU, Ying LI, Shuxian ZHANG, Yanfeng GUAN. Overview of Research on Effects of Low Temperature, Low Humidity, and Low Pressure Environmental Conditions in Plateau on Workability of Concrete[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (10) : 3750 -3768 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250665

基金

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国家自然科学基金(U23A20673; 52478261; 52578294; U22A20244)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2025MS779)
九江市重大技术攻关项目“揭榜挂帅”(ZD2025_001553)
吉安市2024年“百博百企”专项(2024H-100240)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2025M70067)
硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室(SYSJJ2025-22)

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2026年第54卷第10期

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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250665

接收时间：2025-09-08
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-07-24

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收稿日期：2025-09-08
修回日期：2025-11-27

基金

国家自然科学基金(U23A20673; 52478261; 52578294; U22A20244)

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2025MS779)

九江市重大技术攻关项目“揭榜挂帅”(ZD2025_001553)

吉安市2024年“百博百企”专项(2024H-100240)

中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2025M70067)

硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室(SYSJJ2025-22)

作者信息

^1.青岛理工大学土木工程学院（海洋环境混凝土技术教育部工程研究中心），山东　青岛　266520

^2.山东路桥集团有限公司，济南　250014

通讯作者:

李莹（1988-），女，博士，副教授。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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