硅酸盐学报

从生物矿化到碳矿化：仿生材料制备新策略

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陈靖泽 ¹^,² , 徐信刚 ¹^,² , 刘志超 ¹^,² , 杨露 ² , 胡曙光 ² , 王发洲 ²

硅酸盐学报 | 国家自然科学基金重点项目中期成果专题—综合评述 2026,54(2): 381-396

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硅酸盐学报 |国家自然科学基金重点项目中期成果专题—综合评述 2026 , 54 (2) : 381 -396

从生物矿化到碳矿化：仿生材料制备新策略

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陈靖泽¹^,², 徐信刚¹^,², 刘志超¹^,², 杨露², 胡曙光², 王发洲²

作者信息

^1．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

^2．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

刘志超（1983—），男，博士，教授

王发洲（1975—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

陈靖泽（1996—），男，博士。

From Bio-Mineralization to Carbon Mineralization: A New Strategy for the Preparation of Biomimetic Materials

Jingze CHEN¹^,², Xingang XU¹^,², Zhichao LIU¹^,², Lu YANG², Shuguang HU², Fazhou WANG²

Affiliations

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^2.State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding Author:

LIU Zhichao (1983-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: liuzc9@whut.edu.cn

WANG Fazhou (1975-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: fzhwang@whut.edu.cn

CHEN Jingze (1996-), male, Ph.D. E-mail: 907271843@qq.com

出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250580

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摘要

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自然界历经数十亿年的自然选择，孕育出具备精妙微观结构、优异力学性能与独特功能特性的生物材料，其温和的制备过程和极高的资源利用效率，为人造材料的发展提供了重要借鉴。然而，当前关于仿生材料的研究存在性能与能耗之间的矛盾，呈现出“性能优先”与“工艺滞后”的失衡局面。而碳矿化材料作为一种将气态CO₂矿化转化为固态碳酸钙的新型无机非金属复合材料，具有反应条件温和、高强高耐久、组成结构可调控等优势，又称为可设计的人造石材，即Engineered LimeStone （ELS），成为仿生材料绿色制备的理想载体。本文总结了仿生材料制备的最新研究进展，综合分析了性能、能耗、效率等指标，并对仿生材料的未来发展趋势进行展望，提出了基于碳矿化体系的仿生材料制备策略。

关键词

生物矿化 / 仿生材料 / 碳矿化材料 / 高强高韧

Abstract

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Through billions of years of natural selection, nature has nurtured a wide range of biomaterials with exquisite microstructures, excellent mechanical properties, and unique functional characteristics. Their advantages in resource utilization efficiency and sustainable preparation processes provide important references for the development of artificial materials. However, current biomimetic material research faces a significant contradiction: biomimetic designs pursuing high performance often rely on high-energy consumption preparation processes such as high temperature and high pressure, which achieve performance breakthroughs but contradict sustainable development goals. In contrast, green preparation technologies imitating biomineralization face engineering transformation challenges such as performance, efficiency, and costs, leading to an imbalance of "performance priority" and "process lag" in the field of biomimetic materials. Most existing preparation strategies rely on energy-intensive processes such as high temperature (above 1000 ℃) sintering or ultrahigh pressure (exceeding 800 MPa) molding, which not only increase production costs (energy consumption accounts for over 60% of total costs for high-temperature ceramics) but also limit the incorporation of thermally sensitive functional components and large-scale industrialization.

To address this challenge, extensive studies have been conducted on the regulatory mechanisms of natural biomineralization, revealing five core principles: molecular recognition, confined growth, organic templating, amorphous precursor transformation, and multi-scale synergistic assembly. Nacre, a representative biological mineral, consists of 95% aragonite calcium carbonate and 5% organic matrix, forming a unique "brick-and-mortar" layered structure. Its formation involves the secretion of β-chitin as a porous scaffold by mantle cells, followed by the assembly of silk fibroin and acidic proteins into a gel network, which precisely regulates crystal growth and interlayer spacing. Inspired by these mechanisms, researchers have developed various biomimetic preparation strategies, including freeze casting, layer-by-layer self-assembly, electrophoretic deposition, and 3D printing. For instance, freeze casting has been used to prepare alumina-cyanate composites with a 3D interlocking skeleton, achieving a flexural strength of 300 MPa and a fracture strain of 5% after sintering at 1600 ℃ for 4 h. Room-temperature high-pressure cold sintering technology has enabled the densification of vaterite powder into ceramics with a compressive strength of 280 MPa under 280-800 MPa. Low-temperature low-pressure strategies, such as evaporation-induced self-assembly combined with hot pressing, have produced phosphate-based composites with a flexural strength of 267 MPa, exceeding that of natural nacre (172 MPa). Ambient-temperature and pressure approaches, represented by cement-based biomimetic materials, have utilized ice templating to create porous structures with 200% higher compressive strength than foamed cement, but suffer from low flexural strength (only 5 MPa) and long curing cycles (28 d).

A breakthrough strategy based on carbon mineralization has emerged as a promising solution for green biomimetic material preparation. Carbon mineralized materials, also known as Engineered LimeStone (ELS), are novel inorganic non-metallic composites formed by the mineralization reaction between CO₂-sequestering cementitious materials (e.g., steel slag, magnesium slag, or calcium silicates) and gaseous CO₂ under ambient conditions, converting CO₂ into solid calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as the main matrix. This technology mimics natural biomineralization processes such as shell formation and limestone weathering, achieving permanent CO₂ sequestration while producing high-value materials. Three key advantages make ELS ideal for biomimetic systems: mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature and pressure, driven by thermodynamic feasibility and surface-activated CO₂ dissolution), highly controllable composition and structure (tunable CaCO₃ crystal phases, morphologies, and growth rates via organic modifiers or bacterial treatments), and excellent mechanical properties and durability (compressive strength exceeding 200 MPa after 24 h of curing, superior corrosion resistance).

Recent studies have demonstrated the versatility of carbon mineralization-based biomimetic design: 1) Inspired by nacre's "brick-and-mortar" structure, ice templating combined with rapid carbon mineralization has produced lightweight high-strength materials with a flexural strength of 45 MPa (8 times higher than cement-hydrogel composites) and a fracture toughness of 2.03 MJ/m³ (20 times higher than unmodified ELS). 2) Mimicking the "privileged space" in marine biomineralization, sodium alginate hydrogels have been used to create microcompartments for oriented CaCO₃ growth, resulting in materials with a compressive strength of 300 MPa and a CO₂ sequestration capacity of 200 kg per ton. 3) Inspired by natural marble's radiative cooling effect, engineered marble radiative cooling materials (EMM) have been developed via γ-dicalcium silicate (γ-C₂S) carbonation, achieving a solar reflectance of over 95% and an atmospheric window emissivity of over 97%, reducing surface temperature by 8.8 ℃ below ambient and sequestering 357.7 kg CO₂ per ton.

Summary and Prospects

Despite significant progress in biomimetic material design, the trade-off between performance and energy consumption remains a major barrier to industrialization. Traditional strategies rely on harsh conditions (high temperature, high pressure) or suffer from insufficient mechanical properties and long curing cycles. ELS address these limitations by integrating mild preparation conditions, rapid curing, high strength-toughness synergy, large-scale scalability, and CO₂ sequestration. By combining structural and process bionics, this strategy breaks through traditional performance limits and provides a sustainable solution for biomimetic material commercialization. Future research should focus on optimizing the carbon mineralization reaction efficiency, expanding the range of CO₂-sequestering raw materials, and developing multifunctional composites for extreme environments (deep sea, polar regions) and advanced applications (sustainable infrastructure, carbon-neutral buildings, energy-efficient construction). This integration of bionics and green manufacturing not only advances material science but also contributes to global climate goals and the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Key words

biomineralization / bioinspired materials / engineered limestone / high strength and toughness

引用本文

陈靖泽, 徐信刚, 刘志超, 杨露, 胡曙光, 王发洲. 从生物矿化到碳矿化：仿生材料制备新策略. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (2) : 381 -396 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250580

Jingze CHEN, Xingang XU, Zhichao LIU, Lu YANG, Shuguang HU, Fazhou WANG. From Bio-Mineralization to Carbon Mineralization: A New Strategy for the Preparation of Biomimetic Materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (2) : 381 -396 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250580

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52130208)

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2026年第54卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250580

接收时间：2025-08-05
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-02-20

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收稿日期：2025-08-05
修回日期：2025-10-17

基金

国家自然科学基金(52130208)

作者信息

^1．武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，武汉 430070

^2．武汉理工大学，硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室，武汉 430070

通讯作者:

刘志超（1983—），男，博士，教授

王发洲（1975—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250580

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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