Article(id=1320107609777099060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250574, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753286400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-24, revisedDate=1759939200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792667780583, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792667780583, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792667780583, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792667780583, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320107562284986563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792667769261, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720485859, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320328671789957452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320328671789957453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1320107562284986563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2716, endPage=2729, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320107609995202869, articleId=1320107609777099060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Interfacial Fracture of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Paste and Portland Cement Concrete, columnId=1263922769897599102, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) has attracted recent attention due to its rapid setting, high early strength, and excellent bonding performance, making it a promising material for rapid repair and strengthening of concrete structures. In composite repair systems, the interfacial behavior between MPC-based repair materials and Portland cement concrete (PCC) substrates plays a decisive role in the overall structural performance, durability, and failure mode. However, the interface between MPC and PCC is often characterized by microstructural heterogeneity, the mismatch of mechanical properties, and the presence of initial defects, significantly reducing interfacial fracture resistance, especially under complex loading conditions. Nano-modification is widely recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-based materials. Nanoparticles of silica (NS) can accelerate hydration, refine pore structure, and improve interfacial bonding through physical filling and chemical coupling effects due to its extremely high specific surface area and high pozzolanic reactivity. Despite extensive studies on the mechanical performance and modification mechanisms of NS-modified MPC (NS-MPC), systematic investigations on the interfacial fracture behavior between NS-MPC and PCC under mixed-mode loading conditions remain limited. It is thus essential to clarify the interfacial fracture mechanism and fracture resistance of NS-MPC/PCC systems under different fracture modes. In this study, asymmetric semi-circular bending beam (ASCB) specimens were employed to comprehensively investigate the mixed-mode interfacial fracture behavior of NS-MPC/PCC interface. The combined effects of initial crack length and fracture mix on the interfacial bonding strength, fracture parameters and nano-modification were investigated.
Methods NS-MPC was prepared with dead-burned magnesia (M), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P), NS, borax retarder (Bo), and deionized water (W). An orthogonal experimental design L9(34) was adopted to optimize the mix proportion, considering four factors (i.e., Mg/P mass ratio, water-to-cement ratio (W/C), borax content (Bo/M), and NS content (NS/C)). The compressive and flexural strengths at 3 h and 1 d were selected as evaluation indices. According to the standard GB/T 17671—2021, the specimens NS-MPC of 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm were prepared to conduct flexural and compressive strength tests. Based on the results of orthogonal analysis, the optimal mix proportion of NS-MPC was determined and further compared with conventional MPC at different curing ages.
The interfacial fracture performance was evaluated by ASCB test, and the pure mode Ⅰ, pure mode Ⅱ and mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱfracture were achieved via adjusting the support position. Different crack length ratios (i.e., a/R=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and mixed mode parameters were selected to systematically investigate the mechanical response of the NS-MPC/PCC interface under different fracture modes. The geometric factors of the ASCB specimens were calibrated by the finite element method to achieve the quantitative analysis of the interfacial fracture parameters.
The microstructure and elemental composition of the interface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). After the samples were dried at a low temperature to terminate hydration and treated for conductivity, the interface morphology and the distribution characteristics of hydration products were analyzed under high vacuum conditions.
Results and discussion Based on the results of orthogonal experimental design, the mechanical properties of NS-MPC are systematically investigated. The optimal mix is determined to be M/P of 2.5/1, W/C of 0.14, Bo/M of 0.08, and NS/C of 0.04. NS-MPC exhibits significantly enhanced mechanical properties. The compressive and flexural strengths at 3 h increase to 47.3 MPa and 7.3 MPa, respectively, and increase to 76.5 MPa and 8.6 MPa at 1 d. From 7 to 28 d, the compressive strength increases slowly from 81.3 MPa to 88.7 MPa, and the flexural strength increases from 9.1 MPa to 9.4 MPa, which still maintains a high value. The flexural-to-compressive strength ratio of NS-MPC is 9%, which is higher than that of pure MPC (i.e., 5%). It is indicated that NS can improve the strength and the toughness.
The interface bonding strength of NS-MPC/PCC decreases with the increase of a/R. This is consistent across all the fracture modes (i.e., pure mode Ⅰ, pure mode Ⅱ, and mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ). The interface bonding strength corresponding to pure mode II fracture is the maximum value, while that of pure mode I is the minimum value. The force-displacement response shows that the interface fracture process is dominated by brittle failure. The increase of crack length significantly reduces the peak load-bearing capacity and deformation ability, and promotes the crack to expand dominantly from the interface to bend and branch, especially at larger a/R rates.
The fracture parameter analysis indicates that the interface fracture toughness is highly sensitive to the fracture modes and a/R. As the mix of fracture increases, the effective fracture toughness shows an overall downward trend. The most unfavorable fracture condition occurs in the mixed mode I/II fracture, where the interface crack resistance is the lowest. Pure mode I fracture causes a damage to the interface, and the larger crack length significantly weakens the crack resistance of the pure mode II interface.
The microscopic analysis reveals that the interface of approximately 20 μm wide is formed between NS-MPC and PCC. The hydration products K-struvite can occur in the interface. Moreover, elements Mg, P, and Si appear certain degrees of infiltration and enrichment on the both sides of the interface. The addition of NS effectively improves the interface reaction activity and microstructure densification.
Conclusions NS-MPC demonstrated significantly enhanced compressive and flexural strength, indicating that NS could effectively promote the hydration reaction and structural densification. The results of the ASCB test indicated that the bonding strength of the NS-MPC/PCC interface decreased as a/R increased. The interface fracture process showed a significant nonlinear characteristic. The pure mode I fracture was the most unfavorable. The mixed fracture analysis revealed the nonlinear relationship between the effective fracture toughness and the mixity of fracture. The SEM images and EDS spectra further confirmed that NS enhanced the chemical bonding and crack resistance at the interface via promoting the formation and filling of Si-P-Mg composite hydration products in the interface.
, authors=Fei LIU, Baomin WANG, Yinuo QIU, Xing AN, authorsList=Fei LIU, Baomin WANG, Yinuo QIU, Xing AN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baomin WANG, authorNote=
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磷酸镁水泥（MPC）因其快硬、早强、高黏结性能等优势被广泛用于混凝土结构修复，但其与普通水泥混凝土（PCC）之间的界面易形成脆性断裂区，限制了整体结构的耐久性与服役寿命。为提升界面的力学性能，本工作引入纳米二氧化硅（NS）对MPC进行复合改性，系统探讨其对MPC/PCC界面断裂行为的调控作用。首先，设计L9（34）正交试验，选取镁磷比、水灰比、硼砂掺量及NS掺量为主要影响因素，对NS改性MPC（NS-MPC）3 h与1 d龄期抗压、抗折强度结果进行分析，确定NS-MPC的最佳配比；其次，采用非对称半圆弯曲（ASCB）试验，研究界面在纯Ⅰ型、纯Ⅱ型及Ⅰ/Ⅱ混合型断裂条件下的力学性能和非线性断裂机理，分析界面断裂韧性演化规律；最后，通过扫描电子显微镜/能谱分析（SEM/EDS）对界面微观结构组成进行表征。结果表明，力学性能最佳的NS掺量为4%，NS-MPC在3 h龄期抗压强度达到47.3 MPa，28 d达88.7 MPa，明显优于纯MPC；折压比由5%提高至9%，表现出更高的韧性。断裂参数分析表明，界面黏结强度具有一定的缝径比（a/R）敏感性，随着a/R不断增大而减小，纯Ⅱ型断裂强度最高为12.04 MPa，Ⅰ型最低为4.13 MPa，混合型居中。力-位移曲线揭示断裂过程呈脆性主导并伴随非线性演化，裂纹路径由沿界面直线扩展逐渐转变为偏离界面的复杂分支模式。界面裂缝尖端应力强度因子（SIF）随a/R变化呈显著非线性断裂特征，界面应避免混合断裂度为0.455的破坏模式。SEM/EDS分析进一步证实，NS通过促进MPC进一步反应在界面处生成更致密的产物，形成连续致密的复合结构，显著提高了MPC的基体致密性与界面结合强度，延缓了界面裂纹扩展。
, authors=刘飞, 王宝民, 仇艺诺, 安星, authorsList=刘飞, 王宝民, 仇艺诺, 安星, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王宝民, authorNote=
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王宝民（1972—），男，博士，教授。
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LIU Fei (1993-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: liufei@dlut.edu.cn
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LIU Fei (1993-), male, Ph.D., Associate Professor. E-mail: liufei@dlut.edu.cn
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刘飞（1993—），男，博士，助理研究员。
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刘飞（1993—），男，博士，助理研究员。
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