硅酸盐学报

高原复杂环境下缩尺梁混凝土长期变形试验与模拟

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马刚 ¹ , 龙广成 ¹ , 谢友均 ¹ , 唐卓 ¹ , 王力兴 ¹ , 王海旭 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026,54(2): 781-792

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硅酸盐学报 |混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026 , 54 (2) : 781 -792

高原复杂环境下缩尺梁混凝土长期变形试验与模拟

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马刚¹, 龙广成¹, 谢友均¹, 唐卓¹, 王力兴¹, 王海旭¹^,²

作者信息

^1．中南大学土木工程学院，长沙 410075

^2．沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院，沈阳 110168

通讯作者:

龙广成（1973—），男，博士，教授。

作者简介:

马刚（1994—），男，博士。

Long-term Deformation of Scale-Beam Concrete in Complex Plateau Environment

Gang MA¹, Guangcheng LONG¹, Youjun XIE¹, Zhuo TANG¹, Lixing WANG¹, Haixu WANG¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China

Corresponding Author:

LONG Guangcheng (1973-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: longguangcheng@csu.edu.cn.

MA Gang (1994-), male, Ph.D. E-mail: magcsu@163.com.

出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250552

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摘要

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高原复杂环境下铁路桥梁梁体混凝土材料的徐变控制面临严峻挑战，通过开展为期1 a的高原现场原位试验，掌握了不同配合比和养护条件下缩尺梁混凝土收缩徐变与其挠度发展规律。结合B4模型与高原环境特征参数，建立了湿-热-力多场耦合作用下缩尺梁混凝土长期变形数值模拟程序，并通过试验结果验证了模拟结果的可靠性。结果表明：掺入以硅灰-硫酸钙晶须为主要成分的密实改性材料（质量分数 3%）和减缩剂（质量分数 0.5%）制备的蒸汽养护混凝土能够有效降低高原复杂环境下缩尺梁混凝土收缩徐变及其挠度变形；高原复杂环境会导致缩尺梁混凝土内部产生温-湿度梯度，加剧梁纵向截面上应力重分布，导致混凝土收缩徐变增大。研究结果可为高原环境下铁路梁体混凝土长期变形分析和线形控制提供参考。

关键词

缩尺梁 / 混凝土 / 收缩徐变 / 数值模拟 / 湿-热-力多场耦合

Abstract

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Introduction

The plateau region is characterized by low air pressure, diurnal temperature, high annual irradiation, strong dry winds, and other complex environmental factors. These conditions have severe challenges to the shrinkage and creep of railway bridge girders, as well as to the control of their alignment. According to the engineering practice, the creep camber of precast prestressed simply supported girders in the plateau region increases significantly, adversely affecting track smoothness and train safety. It is thus crucial for providing a technical support for the design and construction of railway concrete simply supported box girders to clarify the long-term deformation behavior of beam concrete in this complex environment.

Methods

Two mix ratios and two curing methods were employed to create three sets of comparative working conditions. The JZ-NC was used for constructing simply supported box girders in Langcangjiang Special Bridge, China, with standard curing (NC). The JZ-SC shared the same composition but utilized steam curing (SC). The LSLC-SC incorporated a densifying modifier, primarily silica fume and calcium sulfate whiskers (3% by mass), along with a shrinkage-reducing agent (0.5% by mass), and also used steam curing. For each group, four scale-beam concrete specimens were prepared, i.e., two for creep testing and two for shrinkage testing. The scale-beam underwent a four-point bending loading mode, with upper and lower spans of 500 mm and 1500 mm, respectively, at a creep load of 2 kN. Strain gauges were installed in the compression and tension zones to monitor strain, while the LVDT displacement sensors measured beam deflection. The specimens were subjected to shrinkage and creep tests in a high-altitude exposure environment at 14 d.

A constitutive model for the long-term deformation of scale-beam concrete under the combined action of wet, heat and force fields was proposed using a software named ABAQUS and the secondary development function, and the long-term deformation of the model beam concrete was simulated.

Results and discussion

Compared with standard curing, the scale-beam concrete subjected to steam curing shows a reduction of 6.2%, 7.1%, and 6.0% in shrinkage strain, compression zone creep strain, and tension zone creep strain for 365 d, respectively. Under the same curing conditions, the incorporation of dense modified materials and SRA effectively reduces the shrinkage strain of the concrete. The 365-d shrinkage strain, compression zone creep strain, and tension zone creep strain are decreased by 13.2%, 11.4%, and 19.1%, respectively, and the mid-span deflection of the scale-beam is decreased by 13.8%, further verifying the regulatory effects of dense modified materials and shrinkage reducing agent.

The simulation results of the shrinkage and creep of the scale-beam concrete are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The maximum error of the shrinkage strain is no more than 3%, and the maximum error of the creep is no more than 1%. This indicates that the established simulation method can well reproduce the long-term deformation behavior of the scale-beam concrete under the complex plateau environment.

The change in environmental temperature does not cause a uneven deformation in the scale-beam concrete, nor does it result in the warping of the scale-beam body, indicating that the temperature field mainly affects the longitudinal stress distribution of the scale-beam. The change in environmental temperature intensifies the redistribution of stress in the longitudinal section, and increases the shrinkage and creep of the concrete. Based on the micro-strain distribution characteristics caused by relative humidity, the humidity change does not lead to the warping of the scale-beam, indicating that the humidity field only affects the longitudinal stress distribution of the scale-beam, while the deformation coordination causes the stress to be redistributed between different sections, affecting the water migration and stress balance within the concrete, and exacerbating the shrinkage and creep of the scale-beam concrete.

Conclusions

Steam-cured concrete was prepared via incorporating a dense modified material (i.e., mainly composed of silica fume and calcium sulfate whiskers, with a mass fraction of 3%) and a shrinkage reducer (with a mass fraction of 0.5%) could effectively inhibit the shrinkage, creep and deflection deformation of scale-beam concrete in the complex plateau environment, and its 1-year shrinkage, compression creep and deflection reduction rates could reach 13.2%, 11.4% and 13.8%, respectively.

ABAQUS subroutine was written, and a numerical calculation framework for the long-term deformation of scale-beam concrete considering the temperature-humidity effects of the complex plateau environment was established, and the error between the simulation data and the measured results was less than 3%.

The temperature and humidity changes could mainly affect the longitudinal stress distribution of the scale-beam concrete, and the temperature-humidity effects in the complex plateau environment could intensify the stress redistribution on the longitudinal section, thus increasing shrinkage and creep.

The long-term deformation simulation of the scale-beam concrete at 50 a further verified that using the steam curing process, incorporating the dense modified material mainly composed of silica fume and calcium sulfate whiskers, and the shrinkage reducer could inhibit the shrinkage and creep of the scale-beam concrete in the complex plateau environment with the reduction amplitude of >17%.

Key words

scale-beam / concrete / shrinkage and creep / numerical simulation / multi-field coupling of moisture-heat-mechanical

引用本文

马刚, 龙广成, 谢友均, 唐卓, 王力兴, 王海旭. 高原复杂环境下缩尺梁混凝土长期变形试验与模拟. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (2) : 781 -792 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250552

Gang MA, Guangcheng LONG, Youjun XIE, Zhuo TANG, Lixing WANG, Haixu WANG. Long-term Deformation of Scale-Beam Concrete in Complex Plateau Environment[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (2) : 781 -792 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250552

基金

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52208300)

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2026年第54卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250552

接收时间：2025-07-14
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-02-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-07-14
修回日期：2025-08-13

基金

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52208300)

作者信息

^1．中南大学土木工程学院，长沙 410075

^2．沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院，沈阳 110168

通讯作者:

龙广成（1973—），男，博士，教授。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250552

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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