硅酸盐学报

高水压与氯盐耦合环境管片混凝土劣化机理与提升方法

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石贺男 ¹^,² , 李化建 ¹^,² , 董昊良 ¹^,² , 李良顺 ¹^,² , 黄法礼 ¹^,² , 温家馨 ¹^,²

硅酸盐学报 | 混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026,54(2): 641-652

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硅酸盐学报 |混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026 , 54 (2) : 641 -652

高水压与氯盐耦合环境管片混凝土劣化机理与提升方法

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石贺男¹^,², 李化建¹^,², 董昊良¹^,², 李良顺¹^,², 黄法礼¹^,², 温家馨¹^,²

作者信息

^1．中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所，北京 100081

^2．高速铁路轨道系统全国重点实验室，北京 100081

通讯作者:

李化建（1976—），男，博士，研究员。

作者简介:

石贺男（1997—），男，博士研究生。

Deterioration Mechanism and Improvement Method of Segment Concrete in High Water Pressure and Chloride Coupling Environment

Henan SHI¹^,², Huajian LI¹^,², Haoliang DONG¹^,², Liangshun LI¹^,², Fali HUANG¹^,², Jiaxin WEN¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China

^2.State Key Laboratory of High Speed Railway Track System, Beijing 100081, China

Corresponding Author:

LI Huajian (1976-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: chinasailor@163.com

SHI Henan (1997-), male, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: hnshicars@163.com

出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250421

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摘要

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随着盾构法海底隧道向“超长、深埋、大断面”方向发展，盾构管片混凝土在高水压、强腐蚀环境下的耐久性面临严峻挑战。本文探明了高水压驱动氯离子传输规律，并通过X射线计算机断层成像技术和纳米划痕方法表征了微结构劣化机理。研究了纳米二氧化硅涂层、迁移型阻锈剂和纳米前驱体材料对盾构管片混凝土耐久性的提升作用。结果表明：高水压（1～4 MPa）使表层混凝土自由氯离子含量增加8.3%～29.2%，并导致孔隙结构劣化，平面孔隙率沿深度方向递增，孔隙连通段等效半径和平均长度明显增长，迂曲度降低1.3%～14.4%。高水压同时会降低砂浆和界面过渡区微观韧性，增大界面过渡区厚度。纳米二氧化硅涂层、迁移型阻锈剂和纳米前驱体材料均可有效降低混凝土氯离子扩散系数和毛细吸水率，其中纳米前驱体通过原位生成羧酸钙疏水物质并填充孔隙，使56 d氯离子扩散系数降低39.0%，电通量下降46.0%，耐久性提升效果最为显著。

关键词

海底隧道 / 盾构管片混凝土 / 高水压 / 氯离子传输 / 孔隙结构

Abstract

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Introduction

Shield tunneling is widely adopted in major underwater engineering projects, exemplified in Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel, China. As the primary load-bearing component, the mechanical and durability performance of shield segments directly determines the lifecycle safety of subsea tunnels. For the development of "ultra-long distance, ultra-deep burial, and ultra-large cross-section" for subsea tunnels, segment structures face coupled challenges from high hydraulic pressure and aggressive ion erosion, posing severe threats to the long-term service reliability of shield tunnels. The existing research indicates that high hydraulic pressure environments accelerate the corrosion degradation of shield tunnel segments, compromising their load-bearing capacity and durability. Specifically, an elevated hydraulic pressure accelerates chloride ion migration in concrete, alters pore structure characteristics, and reduces microstructural elastic modulus. For underwater projects such as the Qiongzhou Strait Cross-Sea Tunnel, where operational hydrostatic loads can reach up to 2 MPa, the durability deterioration mechanisms, microstructural damage evolution patterns, and chloride ion transport behaviors of shield segment concrete under ultra-high pressure conditions remain unclear.

This study was to conduct an in-depth investigation into the ion transport mechanisms and microstructure deterioration processes of shield tunnel segment concrete subjected to ultra-high hydraulic pressure conditions. In addition, the effects of nano-silica coatings, migratory corrosion inhibitors, and nano-precursor materials on the concrete durability were also investigated, thus providing a theoretical and technical support for ensuring the long-term service safety of shield tunnel segments in subsea environments.

Methods

In this study, a typical concrete mix design for shield tunnel segments was used, with enhancements implemented through surface application of nano-silica coatings, migratory corrosion inhibitors, and internal incorporation of nano-precursor materials to improve concrete durability. The experimental methodology encompassed rapid chloride migration (RCM) tests, electrical flux measurements, capillary absorption tests, MIP analysis, and chloride ion transport tests under elevated hydrostatic pressures (i.e., 1-4 MPa). The post-testing evaluations included quantitative free chloride content analysis, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) scanning, and nanoindentation testing to characterize the microstructural degradation.

Results and discussion

The free chloride concentration in concrete gradually increases under an elevated hydrostatic pressure. In the control group, the surface chloride concentration is increased by 8.3%, 20.8%, and 29.2% as the pressure is increased from 1 MPa to 4 MPa. However, chloride ingress is significantly mitigated in the specimens treated with corrosion-inhibiting measures. Unloaded concrete exhibits a uniform porosity distribution (1.8%-6.7%) across heights, while hydrostatic pressure induced porosity increases within 10 mm of the surface. A pressure elevation causes a nonlinear decrease in pore connectivity tortuosity by 1.3%, 4.3%, 9.2%, and 14.4%, compared to unloaded conditions, correlating to pressure gradients. Simultaneously, connected pore lengths and equivalent radii increase under a pressure. High hydrostatic pressure degrades the microstructural toughness of mortar and the ITZ, thickens the ITZ, and establishes a coupled deterioration mechanism involving "hydraulic penetration-chemical erosion-mechanical damage." The application of nano-silica coatings, migratory corrosion inhibitors, and nano-precursor materials significantly reduce the chloride diffusion coefficient, electrical flux, and capillary water absorption of concrete. This enhancement is attributed to the pozzolanic reaction between nano-silica particles and hydration products, generating C-S-H gels that densify the matrix by filling pores. Migratory corrosion inhibitors migrates to the steel-concrete interface via capillary action and vapor-phase diffusion, forming a protective adsorption layer. Meanwhile, nano-precursors generate calcium carboxylate compounds during hydration, occupying submicron pores through hydrophobic and densification effects that substantially improve chloride resistance.

Conclusions

Hydrostatic pressure significantly accelerated chloride ion transport in concrete, and the surface chloride concentrations were increased by 8.3%, 20.8%, and 29.2% as the pressure was elevated from 1 MPa to 4 MPa in the control group. Although chloride concentrations decreased with erosion-inhibiting treatments, their mitigation efficiency diminished under rising hydrostatic pressure. For the post-pressure application, porosity increased within 10 mm of specimen surfaces, correlating to pressure magnitude. Enhanced pore connectivity and reduced tortuosity were obtained, accompanied with increases in the equivalent radii and average lengths of connected pore segments. Elevated hydrostatic pressure degraded the microstructural toughness of mortar matrices and ITZs, while ITZ thickness progressively increased with pressure loading. External application of nano-silica coatings, migratory corrosion inhibitors, and internal incorporation of nano-precursor materials all effectively enhanced the chloride resistance and reduced capillary water absorption of shield tunnel segment concrete, with nano-precursor materials demonstrating the most pronounced effect. These corrosion-inhibiting measures reduced concrete porosity by 30.3% to 64.4%, while decreasing the proportions of severely harmful pores.

Key words

subsea tunnel / shield segment concrete / high water pressure / chloride ion transport / pore structure

引用本文

石贺男, 李化建, 董昊良, 李良顺, 黄法礼, 温家馨. 高水压与氯盐耦合环境管片混凝土劣化机理与提升方法. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (2) : 641 -652 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250421

Henan SHI, Huajian LI, Haoliang DONG, Liangshun LI, Fali HUANG, Jiaxin WEN. Deterioration Mechanism and Improvement Method of Segment Concrete in High Water Pressure and Chloride Coupling Environment[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (2) : 641 -652 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250421

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52438002)
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(J2023G003)
新基石科学基金会科学探索奖

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2026年第54卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250421

接收时间：2025-05-30
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-02-20

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-05-30
修回日期：2025-07-02

基金

国家自然科学基金(52438002)

中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(J2023G003)

新基石科学基金会科学探索奖

作者信息

^1．中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所，北京 100081

^2．高速铁路轨道系统全国重点实验室，北京 100081

通讯作者:

李化建（1976—），男，博士，研究员。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gsyxb/CN/10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250421

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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