硅酸盐学报

泡沫前驱体制备高性能陶瓷的研究进展与展望

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杨金龙 ¹ , 赵士晖 ¹ , 乔坚栗 ¹ , 陈鹏非 ¹ , 李泳娇 ² , 张由飞 ² , 李昊 ¹ , 董晔 ¹ , 张晨 ¹ , 夏尊 ¹ , 陈哲 ¹ , 席小庆 ¹

硅酸盐学报 | 综合评述 2026,54(3): 1083-1096

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硅酸盐学报 |综合评述 2026 , 54 (3) : 1083 -1096

泡沫前驱体制备高性能陶瓷的研究进展与展望

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杨金龙¹, 赵士晖¹, 乔坚栗¹, 陈鹏非¹, 李泳娇², 张由飞², 李昊¹, 董晔¹, 张晨¹, 夏尊¹, 陈哲¹, 席小庆¹

作者信息

^1．清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084

^2．大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁省教育厅无机超细粉体制备及应用重点实验室，辽宁大连 116028

作者简介:

杨金龙（1966—），男，博士，教授。

Research Progress on Foam Precursor Derived High-Performance Ceramics

Jinlong YANG¹, Shihui ZHAO¹, Jianli QIAO¹, Pengfei CHEN¹, Yongjiao LI², Youfei ZHANG², Hao LI¹, Ye DONG¹, Chen ZHANG¹, Zun XIA¹, Zhe CHEN¹, Xiaoqing XI¹

Affiliations

^1.State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Key Lab of Preparation and Application of Inorganic Ultrafine Powder, Liaoning Provincial Department of Education, Dalian 116028, Liaoning, China

YANG Jinlong (1966-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: jlyang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250379

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摘要

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泡沫前驱体制备高性能陶瓷工艺是结构陶瓷领域的一个新兴的研究方向。本文阐述了该制备方法在多种陶瓷体系中的应用，包括氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硅、碳化硅、碳化硼等陶瓷。探讨了其对陶瓷微观结构、力学性能的影响以及增韧增强机制，并分析了不同工艺参数的作用。研究表明，该方法能有效调控陶瓷微观结构，显著提升陶瓷的强度和韧性等性能，在众多领域具有广阔的应用前景。同时，对未来研究方向进行了展望，为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词

泡沫前驱体 / 结构陶瓷 / 微观结构 / 力学性能 / 增韧机制

Abstract

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The process of preparing high-performance ceramics derived from foam precursors (FPC) represents an emerging research direction in the field of structural ceramics. This review represents the applications of this preparation method in multiple ceramic systems, including alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and boron carbide. This review discusses the influence of this method on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ceramics, as well as the toughening and strengthening mechanisms, while analyzing the roles of different process parameters. Foam precursors enable an effective regulation of ceramic microstructures, playing distinct roles in various processes such as foaming, pre-sintering, and impregnation to achieve a structural control. This method can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of ceramics. The comprehensive improvements in flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness can be achieved via adjusting appropriate process parameters and structural designs, endowing ceramics prepared by the foam precursor method with greater advantages in practical applications. The process boasts advantages such as low cost, simple operation, environmental friendliness, and strong universality. This meets the mass production needs of enterprises and aligns with the concept of efficient and sustainable development in modern industry, demonstrating enormous potential and broad prospects for technological industrialization and application. The toughening mechanisms of the FPC process involve the formation of a disordered laminated structure by foam fragments during dry pressing. The lamination effect, fragment rearrangement, and grain directional sliding contribute to the fabrication of layered ceramics, which induce crack deflection and bridging for toughening. Meanwhile, the process regulates intragrain defects such as dislocations and twins. In addition, the modification of grain morphology through pre-sintering processes also enables grain refinement and uniform distribution, or induces the formation of columnar crystals or nanowires. Moreover, enhancing grain boundary bonding strength alters the fracture mode of ceramics to promote a transgranular fracture, thereby improving fracture toughness.

Summary and Prospects

Based on the comprehensive research, the FPC process demonstrates a remarkable potential in the preparation of high-performance ceramics, showcasing unique advantages in various ceramic systems such as alumina, silicon nitride, and zirconia. This process achieves microstructural and property optimization through multi-dimensional parameter regulation. A precise control of slurry solid content and particle zeta potential is critical for the stability and uniformity of foam structures. The pretreatment temperature alters the precursor's architecture, with optimal temperatures modulating the sintering activity of foam precursors and grain morphology to lay a solid foundation for subsequent sintering. Hot-pressing temperature and pressure are key parameters determining the final densification and microstructure of ceramics, where appropriate hot-pressing regimes effectively eliminate internal pores and enhance the overall performance of ceramics. The ceramic microstructures (i.e., phase morphology and distribution, as well as grain size, shape, and orientation) can be effectively regulated via finely tuning these process parameters, thereby achieving an in-depth optimization of the ceramic mechanical properties. In terms of process advantages, the foam precursor method enables a fine structural design via leveraging the ultra-high porosity of foam and single-grain-layer-thick pore walls. This significantly improves performance, notably enhancing the mechanical properties across multiple ceramic systems and reducing the dielectric loss of alumina ceramics. The process is relatively simple, requiring no complex equipment or workflows, and is environmentally friendly, lowering production costs and technical barriers to align with sustainable development needs. Moreover, the method offers a high flexibility, allowingthe adjustment of process parameters according to different requirements and integration with other processes such as spray drying and impregnation coating to prepare diverse high-performance ceramic materials. Its toughening and strengthening mechanisms are diverse, primarily including crack deflection and bridging caused by the lamination effect, toughening by intragranular defects (i.e., dislocations and twins), grain refinement and uniform distribution, toughening by anisotropic grain growth, and improved grain boundary bonding strength to alter the material's fracture mode. These results show some novel ideas and methods for the preparation of high-performance ceramics, greatly promoting the development of the ceramic materials field toward higher performance and broader applications.

Future research directions include the following aspects: In process optimization, the existing research on the synergistic mechanisms among various process parameters remains insufficient. In material system expansion, the process could be extended to conventional silicate ceramics, high-entropy ceramics, and other fields. In performance characterization, most of the existing studies focus on room-temperature mechanical properties, with less research on high-temperature mechanical behavior, thermophysical properties, and dielectric properties. From an application perspective, as science and technology advance, demand for high-performance ceramics in aerospace, electronics, energy, and other fields is growing, necessitating an accelerated resolution of engineering bottlenecks in the foam precursor method. In summary, the future development of the foam precursor method should focus on full-chain innovation spanning materials, processes, performance, and applications. It is essential to fully unleash the technology potential in structural design flexibility, green manufacturing compatibility, and multi-dimensional performance regulation to facilitate the large-scale application of ceramic materials in emerging fields.

Key words

foam precursor / structural ceramics / microstructure / mechanical properties / toughening mechanism

引用本文

杨金龙, 赵士晖, 乔坚栗, 陈鹏非, 李泳娇, 张由飞, 李昊, 董晔, 张晨, 夏尊, 陈哲, 席小庆. 泡沫前驱体制备高性能陶瓷的研究进展与展望. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (3) : 1083 -1096 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250379

Jinlong YANG, Shihui ZHAO, Jianli QIAO, Pengfei CHEN, Yongjiao LI, Youfei ZHANG, Hao LI, Ye DONG, Chen ZHANG, Zun XIA, Zhe CHEN, Xiaoqing XI. Research Progress on Foam Precursor Derived High-Performance Ceramics[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (3) : 1083 -1096 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250379

基金

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国家自然科学基金(52072202)

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2026年第54卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250379

接收时间：2025-05-12
首发时间：2026-10-27
出版时间：2026-03-20

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收稿日期：2025-05-12
修回日期：2025-05-17

基金

国家自然科学基金(52072202)

作者信息

^1．清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084

^2．大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁省教育厅无机超细粉体制备及应用重点实验室，辽宁大连 116028

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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