Article(id=1321944998757643124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, issueId=1321944922048016891, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250326, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745337600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-23, revisedDate=1760544000000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793105848253, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793105848253, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793105848253, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793105848253, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321944922048016891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='351', pageEnd='820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769097600000', pubDateStr='2026-01-23', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793105829965, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793105829965, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=700, endPage=718, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321944998992524149, articleId=1321944998757643124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187385517883426, language=EN, title=Risk Analysis and Zonation of Concrete Shrinkage Cracking in Extreme-Arid Regions under Climate Change, columnId=1321944928226226685, journalTitle=Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, columnName=Concrete Durability: Mechanisms Characterization and Prediction Methods—Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Introduction

The shrinkage cracking of concrete structures in arid regions such as plateaus becomes increasingly complex under the context of global climate change. This study utilized climate simulation data to analyze the coupled evolution characteristics of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure across China. Based on a comprehensive analysis of 4662 sets of concrete shrinkage test data, the influence of atmospheric pressure on humidity was introduced and a modified CEB-FIP 2010 concrete shrinkage model was proposed that incorporated temperature-humidity-pressure coupling effects. The spatiotemporal evolution patterns of concrete shrinkage deformation nationwide were investigated. For a bridge pier concrete, the strain-stress-damage evolution process was simulated, and spatiotemporal dynamic zoning maps for shrinkage-induced cracking damage risks were developed. A risk of concrete shrinkage cracking damage by 2050 was projected to intensify significantly, with medium- to high-risk zones expanding by over 15% compared to current levels with increasing temperatures and decreasing humidity in arid regions.

Methods

The CMIP6 climate model was used to predict future temperature and humidity trends, with data spatially smoothed using cubic interpolation and the Gaussian filtering. The coupling relationship between temperature and humidity was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman correlation coefficients, and mutual information. The CEB-FIP 2010 model was improved via introducing a linear relationship between concrete strength and shrinkage development rate, combined with a barometric correction factor. The FEniCS finite element library was used to simulate stress and crack propagation in typical concrete components under different shrinkage strains, thus establishing a risk zonation framework for climate change scenarios.

Results and discussion

According to the CMIP6 climate model predictions, the average temperature in northwest China will rise significantly over the next 30 a, especially in summer, with some areas exceeding 305 K (i.e., 32 ℃). Simultaneously, the relative humidity will decrease markedly, with some regions of humidity below 40% increasing in the north. These trends will intensify concrete drying shrinkage, particularly in arid regions. The analysis using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and mutual information reveals a negative correlation between temperature and humidity. In the north of 45°N, the correlation coefficients both approach -0.9, and the mutual information values approach 0.9, indicating a negative linear and monotonic relationship. This coupling will exacerbate concrete shrinkage effects. Based on 4662 sets of concrete shrinkage experimental data, the CEB-FIP 2010 model is refined via introducing a linear relationship between concrete strength and shrinkage development rate, along with a barometric correction factor. The improved model shows an enhanced prediction accuracy, with a nearly 1:1 ratio of overestimation to underestimation, particularly in high-temperature and high-strength concrete scenarios. The results of finite element simulations using the FEniCS library show that concrete cracking initiates at a shrinkage strain of 5.5 ζ ×10-4, with stress concentration at nodes at 7.5 ζ ×10-4, stable surface crack development at 9.0 ζ ×10-4, and widespread crack propagation at 1.1 ζ ×10-3. Based on climate change scenarios, China is divided into five risk zones for concrete shrinkage and cracking damage. From year 2020 to year 2050, medium- and high-risk areas centered on arid regions show a significant outward expansion. By year 2050, the medium- and high-risk zones in the northwest plateau region are notably larger than in year 2020, more than 15%, demanding priority crack-resistant measures to ensure a long-term concrete structural stability.

Conclusions

Future temperature in arid regions could increase, while relative humidity decreased significantly, with highly coupled temperature and humidity changes that would an exacerbate concrete shrinkage. Atmospheric pressure changes nationwide could be relatively stable, but the low-pressure environment in northwest arid regions could further increase a concrete shrinkage. The improved shrinkage model showed a significant enhancement in prediction accuracy, with a more uniform distribution of shrinkage values and a nearly 1:1 ratio of overestimation to underestimation. Concrete cracking occurred at a shrinkage strain of 5.5 ζ ×10-4, with stress concentration at nodes at 7.5 ζ ×10-4, stable surface crack development at 9.0 ζ ×10-4, and widespread crack propagation at 1.1 ζ ×10-3. China, could be divided into five risk zones, with medium- and high-risk areas centered on arid regions significantly expanding more than 15% outward from year 2020 to year 2050.

, authors=Qiaosong HU, Dujian ZOU, Jiazhi YANG, Zichao QUE, Ming ZHANG, Tiejun LIU, authorsList=Qiaosong HU, Dujian ZOU, Jiazhi YANG, Zichao QUE, Ming ZHANG, Tiejun LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiejun LIU, authorNote=

HU Qiaosong (1999-), male, Doctor candidate. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Tiejun (1976-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:
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在全球气候变化背景下,高原等强干燥地区混凝土收缩开裂问题日益复杂。本工作利用气候模拟数据分析了全国温度-湿度-气压的耦合演化特征,在综合分析 4662组混凝土收缩试验数据的基础上引入气压对湿度的影响,建立了考虑温度-湿度-气压耦合作用的FIP混凝土结构模型规范2010混凝土收缩修正模型,分析了全国混凝土收缩变形的时空演化特征,并以桥墩混凝土为例模拟研究了其应变-应力-损伤演化过程,形成了收缩开裂损伤风险的空间动态区划图。伴随着未来强干燥地区温度上升和湿度持续下降,混凝土收缩开裂损伤风险明显加剧,预计2050年中国强干燥地区中高风险区域扩大15%以上。

, authors=胡乔松, 邹笃建, 杨佳智, 阙子超, 张明, 刘铁军, authorsList=胡乔松, 邹笃建, 杨佳智, 阙子超, 张明, 刘铁军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘铁军, authorNote=

胡乔松(1999—),男,博士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘铁军(1976—),男,博士,教授。
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气候变化下强干燥地区混凝土收缩开裂损伤风险分析与区划
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胡乔松 , 邹笃建 , 杨佳智 , 阙子超 , 张明 , 刘铁军
硅酸盐学报 | 混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026,54(2): 700-718
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硅酸盐学报 |混凝土耐久性机理表征与预测方法专题—研究论文 2026 , 54 (2) : 700 -718
气候变化下强干燥地区混凝土收缩开裂损伤风险分析与区划
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胡乔松 , 邹笃建, 杨佳智, 阙子超, 张明, 刘铁军
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)智能学部,广东 深圳 518055
通讯作者:
刘铁军(1976—),男,博士,教授。
作者简介:

胡乔松(1999—),男,博士研究生。

Risk Analysis and Zonation of Concrete Shrinkage Cracking in Extreme-Arid Regions under Climate Change
Qiaosong HU , Dujian ZOU, Jiazhi YANG, Zichao QUE, Ming ZHANG, Tiejun LIU
Affiliations
  • College of Artificial Intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Tiejun (1976-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail:

    HU Qiaosong (1999-), male, Doctor candidate. E-mail:

出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250326
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在全球气候变化背景下,高原等强干燥地区混凝土收缩开裂问题日益复杂。本工作利用气候模拟数据分析了全国温度-湿度-气压的耦合演化特征,在综合分析 4662组混凝土收缩试验数据的基础上引入气压对湿度的影响,建立了考虑温度-湿度-气压耦合作用的FIP混凝土结构模型规范2010混凝土收缩修正模型,分析了全国混凝土收缩变形的时空演化特征,并以桥墩混凝土为例模拟研究了其应变-应力-损伤演化过程,形成了收缩开裂损伤风险的空间动态区划图。伴随着未来强干燥地区温度上升和湿度持续下降,混凝土收缩开裂损伤风险明显加剧,预计2050年中国强干燥地区中高风险区域扩大15%以上。

气候变化  /  混凝土收缩  /  耐久性  /  强干燥地区  /  风险区划
Introduction

The shrinkage cracking of concrete structures in arid regions such as plateaus becomes increasingly complex under the context of global climate change. This study utilized climate simulation data to analyze the coupled evolution characteristics of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure across China. Based on a comprehensive analysis of 4662 sets of concrete shrinkage test data, the influence of atmospheric pressure on humidity was introduced and a modified CEB-FIP 2010 concrete shrinkage model was proposed that incorporated temperature-humidity-pressure coupling effects. The spatiotemporal evolution patterns of concrete shrinkage deformation nationwide were investigated. For a bridge pier concrete, the strain-stress-damage evolution process was simulated, and spatiotemporal dynamic zoning maps for shrinkage-induced cracking damage risks were developed. A risk of concrete shrinkage cracking damage by 2050 was projected to intensify significantly, with medium- to high-risk zones expanding by over 15% compared to current levels with increasing temperatures and decreasing humidity in arid regions.

Methods

The CMIP6 climate model was used to predict future temperature and humidity trends, with data spatially smoothed using cubic interpolation and the Gaussian filtering. The coupling relationship between temperature and humidity was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman correlation coefficients, and mutual information. The CEB-FIP 2010 model was improved via introducing a linear relationship between concrete strength and shrinkage development rate, combined with a barometric correction factor. The FEniCS finite element library was used to simulate stress and crack propagation in typical concrete components under different shrinkage strains, thus establishing a risk zonation framework for climate change scenarios.

Results and discussion

According to the CMIP6 climate model predictions, the average temperature in northwest China will rise significantly over the next 30 a, especially in summer, with some areas exceeding 305 K (i.e., 32 ℃). Simultaneously, the relative humidity will decrease markedly, with some regions of humidity below 40% increasing in the north. These trends will intensify concrete drying shrinkage, particularly in arid regions. The analysis using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and mutual information reveals a negative correlation between temperature and humidity. In the north of 45°N, the correlation coefficients both approach -0.9, and the mutual information values approach 0.9, indicating a negative linear and monotonic relationship. This coupling will exacerbate concrete shrinkage effects. Based on 4662 sets of concrete shrinkage experimental data, the CEB-FIP 2010 model is refined via introducing a linear relationship between concrete strength and shrinkage development rate, along with a barometric correction factor. The improved model shows an enhanced prediction accuracy, with a nearly 1:1 ratio of overestimation to underestimation, particularly in high-temperature and high-strength concrete scenarios. The results of finite element simulations using the FEniCS library show that concrete cracking initiates at a shrinkage strain of 5.5 ζ ×10-4, with stress concentration at nodes at 7.5 ζ ×10-4, stable surface crack development at 9.0 ζ ×10-4, and widespread crack propagation at 1.1 ζ ×10-3. Based on climate change scenarios, China is divided into five risk zones for concrete shrinkage and cracking damage. From year 2020 to year 2050, medium- and high-risk areas centered on arid regions show a significant outward expansion. By year 2050, the medium- and high-risk zones in the northwest plateau region are notably larger than in year 2020, more than 15%, demanding priority crack-resistant measures to ensure a long-term concrete structural stability.

Conclusions

Future temperature in arid regions could increase, while relative humidity decreased significantly, with highly coupled temperature and humidity changes that would an exacerbate concrete shrinkage. Atmospheric pressure changes nationwide could be relatively stable, but the low-pressure environment in northwest arid regions could further increase a concrete shrinkage. The improved shrinkage model showed a significant enhancement in prediction accuracy, with a more uniform distribution of shrinkage values and a nearly 1:1 ratio of overestimation to underestimation. Concrete cracking occurred at a shrinkage strain of 5.5 ζ ×10-4, with stress concentration at nodes at 7.5 ζ ×10-4, stable surface crack development at 9.0 ζ ×10-4, and widespread crack propagation at 1.1 ζ ×10-3. China, could be divided into five risk zones, with medium- and high-risk areas centered on arid regions significantly expanding more than 15% outward from year 2020 to year 2050.

climate change  /  concrete shrinkage  /  durability  /  extreme-arid region  /  risk zoning
胡乔松, 邹笃建, 杨佳智, 阙子超, 张明, 刘铁军. 气候变化下强干燥地区混凝土收缩开裂损伤风险分析与区划. 硅酸盐学报, 2026 , 54 (2) : 700 -718 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250326
Qiaosong HU, Dujian ZOU, Jiazhi YANG, Zichao QUE, Ming ZHANG, Tiejun LIU. Risk Analysis and Zonation of Concrete Shrinkage Cracking in Extreme-Arid Regions under Climate Change[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2026 , 54 (2) : 700 -718 . DOI: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250326
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23A20658)
  • 国家杰出青年科学基金(52025081)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378228)
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doi: 10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250326
  • 接收时间:2025-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23
  • 修回日期:2025-10-16
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23A20658)
国家杰出青年科学基金(52025081)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378228)
作者信息
    哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)智能学部,广东 深圳 518055

通讯作者:

刘铁军(1976—),男,博士,教授。
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